abandon
v. leave a place, thing, or person, usually for ever |
abbreviation
n. shortening something by omitting parts of it |
absence
n. state of being absent; state of being away |
absolutely
ad. completely or definitely; used as a strong way of saying 'yes' |
absorb
v. assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention |
abundant
a. plentiful; possessing riches or resources |
accessible
a. easily approached or entered; obtainable; easy to talk to or get along with |
accomplishment
n. achievement or fulfillment; something that is successful after a lot of work or effort |
accurate
a. capable of providing a correct reading or measurement |
achievement
n. feat; accomplishment; award for completing a particular task or meeting an objective |
adequate
a. sufficient; enough to meet a purpose |
adjustable
a. capable of being changed so as to match or fit |
admit
v. permit to enter; receive; provide the right or a means of entrance to |
admittance
n. the right to enter |
advice
n. a proposal for an appropriate course of action |
advise
v. make a proposal, declare a plan for something |
afghan
a. of or relating to or characteristic of Afghanistan or its people |
alternate
a. happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute |
alternative
a. one of two or more things, ideas or courses of action that may be used; option; choice |
amusement
n. a feeling of delight at being entertained |
analysis
n. study; investigation; process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts |
analyze
v. discover or reveal something through detailed examination; diagnose; examine |
ancestor
n. a person related to you who lived a long time ago; forefather, forerunner, or predecessor |
anniversary
a. annual; yearly; annual return of the day on which any notable event took place |
appreciate
v. be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of |
artificial
a. made by humans; produced rather than natural. |
assistance
n. activity of contributing to fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose |
association
n. connection, whether of persons of things; union of persons in a company or society for some particular purpose |
athlete
n. sports man; one who contended for prize in public games |
atmosphere
n. air, the mixture of gases around the earth |
attendance
n. act of being present |
authority
n. jurisdiction; power to enforce laws |
bacteria
n. very small organisms that are found everywhere and are the cause of many diseases |
bagel
n. a type of bread that is small, hard, and in the shape of a ring |
baggage
n. trunks, bags, parcels, and suitcases in which one carries one's belongings while traveling; luggage |
bicycle
n. a wheeled vehicle that has two wheels and is moved by foot pedals |
biscuit
n. a small, flat cake that is dry and usually sweet; cookie |
bizarre
a. fantastic; very strange and unusuall in style or appearance |
boulevard
n. a wide street in city, usually with trees on each side or along the centre |
boundary
n. dividing line that marks the edge or limit of something; border |
bouquet
n. small cluster or arrangement of flowers; an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present |
brilliant
a. full of light; shining or bright; sharp and clear in tone |
brochure
n. small book usually having paper cover; pamphlet |
bulletin
n. brief statement of facts; any public notice or announcement |
bureau
n. an administrative unit of government |
campaign
n. battle; a series of actions advancing a principle |
cancellation
n. act of cancelling; calling off some arrangement |
candidate
n. a person who is competing to get a job, prize, or honor |
capable
a. having the ability required for a specific task |
capital
n. the city or town that is the official seat of government in a country, state |
capitol
n. the government building in Washington where the United States Senate and the House of Representatives meet |
category
n. group, class, or collection of things sharing a common attribute |
celery
n. widely cultivated herb with aromatic leaf stalks that are eaten raw or cooked |
cemetery
n. place or ground set apart for the burial of the dead; graveyard |
changeable
a. capable of or tending to change in form or quality or nature |
chaperone
n. one who accompanies and supervises a young woman or gatherings of young people |
character
n. mental and moral qualities distinctive to an individual |
cinnamon
n. an aromatic spice made from the peeled, dried, and rolled bark of a Southeast Asian tree |
civilize
v. educate a society so that its culture becomes more developed |
commercial
a. money making, involved in work that is intended for the mass market |
committed
a. feeling dedication and loyalty to a cause, activity, or job; devoted |
committee
n. special group delegated to consider some matter |
commotion
n. a sudden, short period of noise, confusion, or excited movement |
companion
n. a person you spend a lot of time with, often because of friends or travelling together; partner |
competent
a. capable; adept |
competition
n. struggle; rivalry; act of competing as for profit or a prize |
complement
v. make something else seem better or more attractive when combining with it |
complex
a. complicated in structure; a whole structure, as a building, made up of interconnected or related structures |
compliment
n. a remark that expresses approval, admiration, or respect; praise |
compressor
n. device that produces pressure, such as a gas compressor that produces pressurized gas; anything which serves to compress |
concentrate
v. bring to or direct toward a common center; unite more closely; gather into one body |
concentration
n. complete attention; intense mental effort |
conductor
n. a device designed to transmit electricity, heat; person who collects fares on a public conveyance |
confetti
n. small pieces of colored paper generally thrown about at festive occasions |
congratulations
n. an expression of approval and commendation |
consequently
ad. therefore; as a result or consequence of something; subsequently |
controlling
v. exercise authoritative control or power over |
cringe
v. shrink or recoil, as in fear, disgust or embarrassment; bend or crouch with base humility |
culminate
v. reach the highest or most decisive point; rise to summit |
culprit
n. someone who perpetrates wrongdoing |
deceive
v. cause to believe what is not true; mislead |
delayed
v. cause to be slowed down or delayed |
democracy
n. a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them |
deodorant
n. a substance that is used to prevent or hide unpleasant smells, like those of the body |
description
n. sketch or account of anything in words |
diameter
n. length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on its edge |
diamond
n. a precious stone consisting of a clear and colorless crystalline form of pure carbon |
discourage
v. depress; take away hope from |
disgraceful
a. giving offense to moral sensibilities and injurious to reputation |
dismissal
n. termination of someone's employment |
distinguished
a. prominent; celebrated, well-known or eminent because of past achievements |
dreadful
a. very unpleasant; distasteful or shocking |
economics
n. branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management |
economy
n. system of trade and industry by which the wealth is made and used |
elementary
a. easily dealt with; straightforward and fundamental |
embarrass
v. cause someone to feel nervous, worried, or uncomfortable |
emotion
n. a strong feeling such as love or anger, or strong feelings in general |
emphasize
v. stress; underscore; utter or pronounce with a particular stress of voice |
encircle
v. form a circle about; enclose within a circle or ring; surround |
encounter
v. confront or meet, especially unexpectedly |
endurance
n. perseverance; state or fact of persevering; continuing existence |
engineer
v. design as an engineer |
environment
n. surroundings; totality of surrounding conditions |
episode
n. one of the single parts into which a story is divided, especially when it is broadcast on the tv |
erosion
n. corrosion; a gradual decline of something |
eruption
n. outbreak; sudden, often violent outburst |
evident
a. easily seen or understood; obvious; apparent; clear |
exchange
n. substitute; trade in; give in return for something received |
executive
n. someone in a high position, like in business or government, who makes sure that laws or rules are carried out; administrator |
Exhibit
v. give an exhibition of to an interested audience |
expensive
a. high in price or charging high prices; costing a lot of money |
extinct
a. no longer existing or living; vanished; dead |
extinguish
v. stop a fire or a light burning; stop or get rid of an idea or feeling |
extraordinary
a. exceptional; remarkable; beyond what is ordinary or usual |
extremely
ad. to an extreme degree |
fabricate
v. build; put together out of components or parts |
failure
n. an unexpected omission |
fascinating
a. capable of arousing and holding the attention |
fatigue
n. physical or mental weariness; exhaustion |
flagrant
a. obvious and offensive, blatant, scandalous; flaming into notice |
foreign
a. belonging or connected to a country that is not your own |
forfeit
v. lose or be deprived of property or a right or privilege as a penalty for wrongdoing |
frequently
ad. many times at short intervals |
fundamental
a. relating to foundation or base; elementary; primary; essential |
genuine
a. authentic; sincerely and honestly felt or experienced; real or true |
ghetto
n. a poor densely populated city district occupied by a minority ethnic group |
gradual
a. proceeding by steps or degrees; advancing, step by step, as in ascent or descent or from one state to another; regularly progressive |
graffiti
n. a rude decoration inscribed on rocks or walls |
grammar
n. the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics) |
grievance
n. a complaint or a strong feeling caused by unfair treatment |
guarantee
n. a promise that something will be done, will happen, or is true |
harass
v. annoy or trouble someone repeatedly; torment persistently |
havoc
n. wide and general destruction; devastation; waste |
heroic
a. showing extreme courage; especially of actions courageously undertaken in desperation; of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope |
hesitate
v. pause or hold back in uncertainty or unwillingness |
horrify
v. fill with apprehension or alarm; cause to be unpleasantly surprised |
hospital
n. a health facility where patients receive treatment |
humid
a. containing a high amount of water or water vapor |
humility
n. quality or condition of being humble; low estimate of one's self; self-abasement |
hygiene
n. conditions or practices conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease; sanitation |
identical
a. duplicate or alike; being the exact same one |
idle
a. given rest and ease; avoiding work or employment; lazy or vain |
idol
n. someone who is admired and respected very much |
illegal
a. prohibited by law, by official, or by accepted rules |
illustration
n. picture; drawing; showing by example |
imaginary
a. having existence only in the imagination; fanciful; visionary |
immediately
ad. proximately; directly; without interval of time; without delay; promptly; instantly; at once |
immobilize
v. stabilize; cause to be unable to move |
impossibility
n. incapability of existing or occurring |
inconvenient
a. not suited to your comfort, purpose or needs |
incredible
a. unbelievable; beyond belief or understanding |
individual
n. single person or thing; human regarded as a unique personality |
infamous
a. notoriously bad; having exceedingly bad reputation |
influence
n. power affecting person or thing; effect of one thing on another; flowing in or upon; influx |
informant
n. someone who sees an event and reports what happened |
inhabit
v. live in; occupy; reside in |
inherit
v. receive from an ancestor by legal succession or will; receive by bequest or as a legacy |
innocence
n. the quality of naivete; the state of being unsullied by sin or moral wrong; lacking a knowledge of evil |
innocent
a. naive; lacking sense or awareness; free from evil or guilt |
instructor
n. a person whose occupation is teaching |
intelligent
a. ingenious or wise; mentally acute |
interruption
n. a time interval during which there is a temporary cessation |
introduction
n. formally making a person known to another or to the public |
involvement
n. the act of sharing in the activities of a group |
irate
a. feeling or showing extreme anger; enraged |
irresistible
a. overwhelming; impossible to refuse or oppose because it is too pleasant and charming |
jealousy
n. a feeling of unhappiness and anger because someone has something that you want; envy |
judgment
n. the cognitive process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions |
juvenile
n. youth or adolescent; not fully grown or developed |
kettle
n. a large hemispherical brass or copper percussion instrument with a drumhead that can be tuned by adjusting the tension on it |
knitting
n. creating knitted wear |
laboratory
n. a workplace for the conduct of scientific research |
language
n. a body of words |
liquidation
n. the act of exterminating |
management
n. the act of managing something |
maneuver
n. a movement or set of movements needing skill and care; strategy |
media
n. public institutions that report the news, such as newspapers, radio, and tv |
mileage
n. distance measured in miles |
miniature
a. used to describe something that is a very small copy of an object |
morale
n. confidence; mood or spirit of a group that makes the members wants the group to succeed |
mortgage
n. transferring property title as security for the repayment of a loan |
movement
n. a particular act of changing position or place |
murmur
v. make low, confused, and indistinct sound, like that of running water |
musician
n. artist who composes or conducts music as a profession |
mysterious
a. beyond ordinary understanding |
negotiate
v. discuss the terms of an arrangement |
nervous
a. worried and anxious |
nuisance
n. something that annoys or gives trouble and vexation; something that is offensive or noxious |
nurture
v. nourish; help grow or develop; foster |
oasis
n. fertile or green spot in a waste or desert |
obedient
a. subject in will or act to authority; willing to obey; submissive to restraint, control, or command |
obstacle
n. one that opposes, stands in the way of, or holds up progress |
obviously
ad. unmistakably (`plain' is often used informally for `plainly') |
occasion
n. a particular time, especially when something happens or has happened |
ordinarily
ad. under normal conditions |
ordinary
a. not exceptional in any way especially in quality or ability or size or degree; lacking special distinction, rank, or status |
organization
n. a group of people who work together in an organized way for a shared purpose |
pamphlet
n. brochure; leaflet; a small book usually having a paper cover |
panic
n. sudden mass fear and anxiety |
panicky
a. thrown into a state of intense fear or desperation |
parallel
a. side by side and having the same distance continuously between them |
paralysis
n. loss of the ability to move a body part |
paralyze
v. make powerless and unable to function; disable |
pedestrian
n. a person who is walking, especially in an area where vehicles go |
penicillin
n. a type of antibiotic, used in the treatment of various infections and diseases |
phantom
n. something apparently seen, heard, or sensed, but having no physical reality; ghost or apparition; sprite |
pheasant
n. large long-tailed gallinaceous bird native to the Old World but introduced elsewhere |
phrase
n. a group of words without a finite verb, especially used to form part of a sentence |
politely
ad. in a polite manner |
popular
a. of common people; suitable to common people; easy to be comprehended |
precipitation
n. water that falls from the clouds towards the ground, especially as rain or snow |
principal
a. highest in rank, authority, importance, or degree |
principle
n. basic truth, law, or assumption; rule or law of nature; rule of personal conduct |
privilege
n. special advantage or benefit not enjoyed by all; right reserved exclusively |
procedure
n. act or manner of moving forward; steps taken in an action |
pronunciation
n. the way a word or a language is customarily spoken |
psychology
n. science that deals with mental processes and behavior |
puny
a. insignificant; tiny; weak; of inferior size, strength |
qualified
a. restricted; having the appropriate qualifications for an office, position, or task |
qualifying
v. make fit or prepared |
quotation
n. passage or expression that is quoted or cited; practice of quoting from books |
raspberry
n. a small soft red fruit, or the bush on which it grows |
reasonable
a. showing sound judgment; capable of reasoning; being within bounds of common sense |
receipt
n. something proving that money, goods, or information have been received |
Receiving
v. accept as true or valid |
recipe
n. medical prescription; a set of directions for making or preparing something, especially food |
recognition
n. acceptance ; appreciation; approval |
recommend
v. suggest that something or someone is the best one to choose |
recruit
v. register formally as a participant; engage for military service; enlist |
reprimand
v. reprove severely, especially in a formal or official way; rebuke formally; censure severely or angrily |
resigned
a. accepting one's fate; unresisting; patiently submissive; showing hopelessness |
restaurant
n. a place where meals are prepared and served to customers |
rotten
a. damaged by decay; hence unsound and useless |
sandwich
n. two or more slices of bread with a filling between them |
scarcity
n. a small and inadequate amount |
scenery
n. landscape; view; view or views of natural features, especially in open country |
secretary
n. a person who is the head of an administrative department of government |
significance
n. the quality of being worthy of attention; importance |
simile
n. comparison of one thing with another, in English generally using like or as |
sincerely
ad. written formula for ending a letter |
sincerity
n. a quality of naturalness and simplicity |
situation
n. a condition or position in which you find yourself |
skeptical
a. marked by or given to doubt; questioning |
slumber
n. sleep; state of inactivity or dormancy |
smudge
v. make a smudge on; soil by smudging |
solemn
a. serious and without any humour |
souvenir
n. token of remembrance; something you buy or keep to help remember a holiday or special event |
spacious
a. wide, generous, or large in area or extent; sizable |
specific
a. stated explicitly or in detail; definite |
stationary
a. fixed or immobile; not capable of being moved |
stationery
n. paper cut to right size for writing letters; writing materials and office supplies |
statistics
n. a branch of applied mathematics concerned with the collection and interpretation of quantitative data |
subscription
n. a payment for consecutive issues of a newspaper or magazine for a given period of time |
substitute
v. exchange; use something or someone instead of another thing or person |
superintendent
n. a person who is in charge of work done in a particular department or office |
supervisor
n. director; overseer; one who is in charge of a particular unit, as in government or school system |
supposedly
ad. seemingly; believed or reputed to be the case |
threatening
a. darkened by clouds |
tolerate
v. endure; withstand; allow without prohibiting or opposing; permit |
tongue
n. organ situated in floor of mouth |
tournament
n. sporting competition in which contestants play a series of games to decide the winner; contest |
tragedy
n. event resulting in great loss and misfortune; disaster |
traitor
n. one who violates his allegiance and betrays his country |
traveled
a. familiar with many parts of the world |
traveling
v. travel upon or across |
unfortunately
ad. unluckily; by bad luck |
uniform
n. a particular set of clothes for a particular group, like police |
university
n. the body of faculty and students at a university |
unnecessary
a. not necessary; not needed or wanted, or more than is needed or wanted |
valuable
a. worth a great deal of money, especially for use or exchange |
various
a. different from one another; of different kinds or sorts |
vehicle
n. automobile; a machine, usually with wheels and an engine, to transport people or goods on land |
version
n. written work in a new form; edition; interpretation of a particular viewpoint |
vertical
a. upright in position or posture |
victim
n. a person who has suffered the effects of violence, illness, or bad luck |
vigorously
ad. with vigor; in a vigorous manner |
violation
n. an act that disregards an agreement or a right |
visualize
v. make visual, or visible; see in fancy; form a mental image of |
volcano
n. a mountain with a large, circular hole at the top through which lava, gases, and dust are or have been forced out |
voyage
n. long journey to a foreign or distant place, especially by sea; aviation |
wealthy
a. having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value |
weapon
n. arms; any object used in fighting or war, such as a gun, bomb, knife, etc. |
wheeze
n. breathing with a husky or whistling sound |
wilderness
n. a tract of land or region, uncultivated and uninhabited by human beings, whether a forest or a wide, barren plain; wild or desert |
