Character Analysis: Snowball

In George Orwell’s allegorical novella Animal Farm, Snowball represents the intellectual and idealistic side of revolution. As one of the initial leaders of the animals’ rebellion, Snowball plays a pivotal role in shaping the early vision of Animalism and striving for a better future for all animals. However, his eventual expulsion from the farm by Napoleon symbolizes the betrayal of revolutionary ideals and the dangers of power struggles within movements.

Snowball is introduced as one of the pigs who spearheads the rebellion against Mr. Jones. He is characterized by his intelligence, eloquence, and dedication to the principles of Animalism. Unlike Napoleon, who is more interested in consolidating power, Snowball is genuinely committed to improving the lives of all animals on the farm. He takes an active role in educating the animals, organizing committees, and devising plans for progress, such as the construction of the windmill.

One of Snowball’s most significant contributions is his leadership during the Battle of the Cowshed, where he demonstrates courage and strategic acumen. His heroism in defending the farm earns him the admiration of the other animals and solidifies his position as a leader. However, this popularity makes him a threat to Napoleon, who begins to plot against him.

Snowball’s downfall comes when Napoleon uses the dogs he secretly trained to chase him off the farm. After his expulsion, Napoleon and Squealer rewrite history to portray Snowball as a traitor and scapegoat for all the farm’s problems. Despite his absence, Snowball remains a central figure in the narrative, as his name is invoked to manipulate the animals and justify Napoleon’s actions.

Snowball serves as an allegory for Leon Trotsky, a key figure in the Russian Revolution and a rival of Joseph Stalin. Like Trotsky, Snowball is an intellectual revolutionary who envisions a society based on equality and progress. His ideas, such as the windmill project, symbolize the potential for innovation and collective advancement in a post-revolutionary society. However, his idealism and focus on theory make him vulnerable to the more pragmatic and ruthless Napoleon, who represents Stalin.

The conflict between Snowball and Napoleon highlights the internal divisions and power struggles that often plague revolutionary movements. Snowball’s expulsion mirrors Trotsky’s exile from the Soviet Union and the subsequent campaign to discredit him. Orwell uses Snowball’s character to critique the ways in which authoritarian leaders demonize political rivals and erase them from history.

Snowball’s character raises essential questions about the role of intellectuals in revolution and the challenges of translating ideals into practice. His dedication to education and innovation reflects the potential for leaders to inspire change and empower others. However, his inability to recognize Napoleon’s ambitions and his lack of a power base ultimately led to his downfall. This dynamic underscores the importance of balancing idealism with pragmatism in the pursuit of social progress.

The manipulation of Snowball’s legacy after his expulsion highlights the dangers of propaganda and the rewriting of history. By portraying Snowball as a traitor, Napoleon and Squealer create a convenient scapegoat for their failures and consolidate their control over the farm. This tactic reflects Orwell’s broader critique of totalitarian regimes, which often rely on misinformation and fear to maintain power.

Snowball’s expulsion also serves as a commentary on the fragility of revolutionary ideals in the face of power struggles. Napoleon abandons Snowball's vision for a better future, prioritizing his authority over the collective good. This betrayal of principles illustrates the cyclical nature of oppression and the challenges of achieving lasting change.

Snowball is a complex and multifaceted character whose actions and ideals drive much of the early narrative in Animal Farm. As an allegory for Leon Trotsky, he represents the intellectual and visionary aspects of revolution and the vulnerabilities of idealism in the face of ruthless ambition. Through Snowball’s rise and fall, Orwell explores themes of power, propaganda, and the betrayal of revolutionary ideals.

Snowball’s character reminds us of the importance of vigilance and critical thinking in pursuing social progress. His expulsion and the subsequent manipulation of his legacy underscore the dangers of authoritarianism and the need for accountability in leadership. Ultimately, Snowball’s story is a poignant commentary on the complexities of revolution and the enduring struggle for justice and equality.

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