Study Words from The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes

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I. A Scandal in Bohemia

eclipse
v. cause an eclipse of (a celestial body) by intervention v. be greater in significance than

predominate
v. be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance v. appear very large or occupy a commanding position

abhorrent
a. offensive to the mind

gibe
v. laugh at with contempt and derision v. be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics

sneer
v. smile contemptuously n. a contemptuous or scornful remark

akin
a. similar in quality or character a. related by blood

admirably
ad. in way that arouses or deserves respect and approval;

intrusion
n. rock produced by an intrusive process n. the forcing of molten rock into fissures or between strata of an earlier rock formation

grit
v. cover with a grit n. fortitude and determination

dubious
a. open to doubt or suspicion a. fraught with uncertainty or doubt

loath
a. unwillingness to do something contrary to your custom a. (usually followed by to) strongly opposed

reign
v. have sovereign power n. royal authority; the dominion of a monarch

woo
v. seek someone's favor v. make amorous advances towards

silhouette
v. project on a background, such as a screen, like a silhouette n. a drawing of the outline of an object; filled in with some uniform color

effusive
a. extravagantly demonstrative a. uttered with unrestrained enthusiasm

introspective
a. given to examining own sensory and perceptual experiences

wedlock
n. the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

clumsy
a. difficult to handle or manage especially because of shape a. showing lack of skill or aptitude

malignant
a. dangerous to health; characterized by progressive and uncontrolled growth (especially of a tumor)

specimen
n. a bit of tissue or blood or urine that is taken for diagnostic purposes n. an example regarded as typical of its class

iodoform
n. volatile pale yellow sweet-smelling crystalline organic compound of iodine, with antiseptic properties;

nitrate
v. treat with nitric acid, so as to change an organic compound into a nitrate n. any compound containing the nitrate group (such as a salt or ester of nitric acid)

stethoscope
n. a medical instrument for listening to the sounds generated inside the body

baffle
v. check the emission of (sound) v. be a mystery or bewildering to

amiss
a. not functioning properly ad. in an improper or mistaken or unfortunate manner

presumably
ad. by reasonable assumption

endeavour
v. attempt by employing effort n. a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

monogram
n. a graphic symbol consisting of 2 or more letters combined (usually your initials); printed on stationery or embroidered on clothing

triumphant
a. experiencing triumph a. joyful and proud especially because of triumph or success

hoof
v. dance in a professional capacity n. the horny covering of the end of the foot in ungulate mammals

brougham
n. horse-drawn carriage with roof, four wheels;

apiece
ad. to or from every one of two or more (considered individually)

astrakhan
n. a city in southwestern Russia on the delta of the Volga River n. the fur of young lambs

brooch
n. a decorative pin worn by women v. fasten with or as if with a brooch

beryl
n. the chief source of beryllium; colored transparent varieties are valued as gems

barbaric
a. without civilizing influences a. unrestrained and crudely rich

opulence
n. wealth as evidenced by sumptuous living

vizard
n. mask or disguise;

obstinacy
n. the trait of being difficult to handle or overcome n. resolute adherence to your own ideas or desires

discretion
n. knowing how to avoid embarrassment or distress n. the power of making free choices unconstrained by external agencies

delicacy
n. something considered choice to eat n. smallness of stature

quench
v. suppress or crush completely v. cool (hot metal) by plunging into cold water or other liquid

languid
a. lacking spirit or liveliness

lounge
v. sit or recline comfortably v. be about

incisive
a. having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions a. suitable for cutting or piercing

confide
v. confer a trust upon v. reveal in private; tell confidentially

incognito
a. with your identity concealed ad. without revealing one's identity

docket
v. make a summary or abstract of a legal document and inscribe it in a list n. a temporally organized plan for matters to be attended to

monograph
n. a detailed and documented treatise on a particular subject

entangle
v. entrap v. twist together or entwine into a confusing mass

reproachful
a. expressing reproof or reproach especially as a corrective

betrothal
n. a mutual promise to marry n. the act of becoming betrothed or engaged

carte blanche
n. complete freedom to act as one wishes or thinks best

chamois
n. hoofed mammal of mountains of Eurasia having upright horns with backward-hooked tips

scribble
v. write carelessly n. an aimless drawing

cabinet
n. a storage compartment for clothes and valuables; usually it has a lock

exalted
a. of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style

inextricable
a. not permitting extrication; incapable of being disentangled or untied

accustomed
a. commonly used or practiced; usual a. in the habit of or adapted to

groom
v. educate for a future role or function n. a man who has recently been married

freemasonry
n. a natural or instinctive fellowship between people of similar interests

mews
n. row or street of houses or flats that have been converted from stables;

ostler
n. someone employed in a stable to take care of the horses

compel
v. force somebody to do something v. necessitate or exact

dainty
a. especially pleasing to the taste n. something considered choice to eat

bonnet
n. a hat tied under the chin

cabman
n. taxicab driver;

confidant
n. someone to whom private matters are confided

ominous
a. presaging ill fortune a. threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments

delicate
a. difficult to handle; requiring great tact

hansom
n. a two-wheeled horse-drawn covered carriage with the driver's seat above and behind the passengers

aquiline
a. curved down like an eagle's beak

landau
n. a four-wheel covered carriage with a roof divided into two parts (front and back) that can be let down separately

shabby
a. showing signs of wear and tear a. mean and unworthy and despicable

expostulate
v. reason with (somebody) for the purpose of dissuasion

mumble
v. talk indistinctly; usually in a low voice v. grind with the gums; chew without teeth and with great difficulty

vouch
v. give personal assurance; guarantee v. give supporting evidence

tying
n. the act of binding things together

spinster
n. an elderly unmarried woman

menace
v. pose a threat to; present a danger to v. act in a threatening manner

formidable
a. extremely impressive in strength or excellence a. inspiring fear

succinct
a. briefly giving the gist of something

loafer
n. person who does no work

lounger
n. someone who wastes time

scuffle
v. walk by dragging one's feet n. an unceremonious and disorganized struggle

treachery
n. betrayal of a trust n. an act of deliberate betrayal

ulster
n. man's long, loose overcoat of rough cloth;

shriek
n. sharp piercing cry n. a high-pitched noise resembling a human cry

uproar
n. loud confused noise from many sources

recess
n. a small concavity n. an arm off of a larger body of water

relapse
v. deteriorate in health n. a failure to maintain a higher state

sardonic
a. disdainfully or ironically humorous; scornful and mocking

stagger
v. walk as if unable to control one's movements n. an unsteady uneven gait

chagrin
n. strong feelings of embarrassment v. cause to feel shame; hurt the pride of

ransack
v. steal goods; take as spoils v. search thoroughly

hindrance
n. any obstruction that impedes or is burdensome

epistle
n. a specially long, formal letter

inviolate
a. must be kept sacred

II. THE RED-HEADED LEAGUE

fiery
a. characterized by intense emotion a. like or suggestive of fire

abruptly
ad. quickly and without warning

cordially
ad. in a hearty manner

settee
n. a long wooden bench with a back n. a small sofa

humdrum
a. not challenging; dull and lacking excitement

relish
n. vigorous and enthusiastic enjoyment

embellish
v. make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc. v. add details to

singular
a. being a single and separate person or thing a. unusual or striking

portly
a. euphemisms for `fat'

puff
v. blow hard and loudly

obese
a. excessively fat

pompous
a. puffed up with vanity

snuff
v. sniff or smell inquiringly n. the charred portion of a candlewick

cuff
n. the lap consisting of a turned-back hem encircling the end of the sleeve or leg

candid
a. openly straightforward and direct without reserve or secretiveness

bequest
n. (law) a gift of personal property by will

nominal
a. relating to or constituting or bearing or giving a name

ejaculate
v. utter impulsively

wriggle
v. to move in a twisting or contorted motion

pawnbroker
n. a person who lends money at interest in exchange for personal property that is deposited as security

obliging
a. showing a cheerful willingness to do favors for others

crib
n. a bin or granary for storing grains

prick
v. make a small hole into, as with a needle or a thorn

berth
n. a bed on a ship or train; usually in tiers n. a job in an organization

tramp
v. move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

vivid
a. having striking color

tint
n. a quality of a given color that differs slightly from another color

deject
v. lower someone's spirits; make downhearted

pinch
n. a sudden unforeseen crisis (usually involving danger) that requires immediate action

cock
v. tilt or slant to one side v. set the trigger of a firearm back for firing

bashful
a. disposed to avoid notice a. self-consciously timid

forfeit
n. the act of losing or surrendering something as a penalty for a mistake or fault or failure to perform

budge
v. move very slightly

billet
n. a short personal letter

foolscap
n. a size of paper used especially in Britain

diligence
n. persevering determination to perform a task

tack
n. (nautical) a line or rope that regulates the angle at which a sail is set in relation to the wind

curt
a. brief and to the point; effectively cut short

rueful
a. feeling or expressing pain or sorrow for sins or offenses

flaming
a. very intense

graver
n. burin or other engraving tool;

lad
n. a male child (a familiar term of address to a boy) n. a boy or man

thrust
v. apply force to propel something

mantelpiece
n. shelf that projects from wall above fireplace

pucker
v. become wrinkled or drawn together

artery
n. a major thoroughfare that bears important traffic n. a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body

abut
v. lie adjacent to another or share a boundary

stagnant
a. not growing or changing; without force or vitality a. not circulating or flowing

vex
v. disturb the peace of mind of; afflict with mental agitation or distress

conundrum
n. a difficult problem

languid
a. lacking spirit or liveliness

contemplative
a. deeply or seriously thoughtful

intuition
n. instinctive knowing (without the use of rational processes)

revolver
n. a pistol with a revolving cylinder (usually having six chambers for bullets)

grotesque
a. distorted and unnatural in shape or size; abnormal and hideous

nocturnal
a. belonging to or active during the night

deference
n. courteous regard for people's feelings

labyrinth
n. complex system of paths or tunnels in which it is easy to get lost

imbecile
n. a person of subnormal intelligence a. having a mental age of three to seven years

tenacious
a. good at remembering a. stubbornly unyielding

crate
n. a rugged box (usually made of wood); used for shipping

imperil
v. pose a threat to; present a danger to

suffice
v. be sufficient; be adequate, either in quality or quantity

bullion
n. gold or silver in bars or ingots n. a mass of precious metal

compunction
n. a feeling of deep regret (usually for some misdeed)

subdue
v. get on top of; deal with successfully v. to put down by force or authority

dank
a. unpleasantly cool and humid

glint
v. throw a glance at; take a brief look at n. a spatially localized brightness

lurid
a. horrible in fierceness or savagery a. ghastly pale

gash
n. a trench resembling a furrow that was made by erosion or excavation n. a wound made by cutting

writhing
a. making twisting, squirming movements or contortions of body;

protrude
v. swell or protrude outwards v. extend out or project in space

chink
v. make cracks or chinks in n. a short light metallic sound

rend
v. tear or be torn violently

aperture
n. a device that controls amount of light admitted n. an man-made opening; usually small

lithe
a. moving and bending with ease

clink
v. make a high sound typical of glass

blandly
ad. in uninteresting manner that lacks strong emotion, features or characteristics;

clatter
v. make a rattling sound

snigger
n. a disrespectful laugh v. laugh quietly

serenely
ad. in calm, peaceful, and untroubled manner;

rogue
n. a deceitful and unreliable scoundrel

vulgar
a. conspicuously and tastelessly indecent a. being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language

intrigue
v. form intrigues (for) in an underhand manner n. a crafty and involved plot to achieve your (usually sinister) ends

skirmish
n. a minor short-term fight

burrow
v. move through by or as by digging n. a hole made by an animal, usually for shelter

unfeigned
a. not pretended; sincerely felt or expressed

III. A CASE OF IDENTITY

conceive
v. become pregnant; undergo conception v. have the idea for

platitude
n. a trite or obvious remark

crude
a. not carefully or expertly made

teetotaler
n. person who never drinks alcohol;

pinch of snuff
n. small amount of tobacco powder to be inhaled

amethyst
n. a transparent purple variety of quartz; used as a gemstone

splendour
n. a quality that outshines the usual

delicacy
n. smallness of stature

boa
n. a long thin fluffy scarf of feathers or fur

tilt
v. to incline or bend from a vertical position

panoply
n. a complete and impressive array

peep
v. make high-pitched sounds v. cause to appear

fidget
v. move restlessly

clang
n. a loud resonant repeating noise v. make a loud noise

delicate
a. difficult to handle; requiring great tact a. susceptible to injury

discriminate
v. recognize or perceive the difference

perplex
v. be a mystery or bewildering to v. make more complicated

loom
v. come into view indistinctly, often threateningly

purport
n. the intended meaning of a communication

startled
a. feeling or showing sudden shock or alarm;

vacuous
a. devoid of intelligence

bang
v. close violently v. strike violently

indulge
v. yield (to); give satisfaction to v. enjoy to excess

plush
n. a fabric with a nap that is longer and softer than velvet

axiom
n. a saying that is widely accepted on its own merits

conspicuous
a. without any attempt at concealment; completely obvious

quinsy
n. inflammation of throat;

tint
v. color lightly n. a quality of a given color that differs slightly from another color

sly
a. marked by skill in deception

muff
v. fail to catch, as of a ball n. a warm tubular covering for the hands

sob
v. weep convulsively

preposterous
a. incongruous;inviting ridicule

trite
a. repeated too often; overfamiliar through overuse

sallow
a. unhealthy looking

complexion
n. texture and appearance of the skin of the face

bushy
a. used of hair; thick and poorly groomed

infirmity
n. the state of being weak in health or body

tweed
n. thick woolen fabric used for clothing; originated in Scotland

institute
v. set up or lay the groundwork for

demeanour
n. (behavioral attributes) the way a person behaves toward other people

unravel
v. become or cause to become undone by separating the fibers or threads of

recess
n. a small concavity n. an arm off of a larger body of water

pungent
a. strong and sharp a. capable of wounding

scoundrel
n. a wicked or evil person; someone who does evil deliberately

sturdy
a. having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

bland
a. lacking taste or flavor or tang a. smoothly agreeable and courteous with a degree of sophistication

insinuate
v. introduce or insert (oneself) in a subtle manner v. give to understand

sidle
v. move unobtrusively or furtively v. move sideways

slur
v. play smoothly or legato

monograph
n. a detailed and documented treatise on a particular subject

allude
v. make a more or less disguised reference to

glitter
n. the occurrence of a small flash or spark

petty
a. inferior in rank or status

huddle
v. crowd or draw together

mantelpiece
n. shelf that projects from wall above fireplace

amiable
a. diffusing warmth and friendliness a. disposed to please

restive
a. being in a tense state a. impatient especially under restriction or delay

connivance
n. agreement on a secret plot

doubly
ad. to double the degree ad. in a twofold manner

treachery
n. betrayal of a trust

cumbrous
a. difficult to handle or use especially because of size or weight

sneer
n. a contemptuous or scornful remark

clatter
n. a rattling noise (often produced by rapid movement)

gallows
n. an instrument of execution consisting of a wooden frame from which a condemned person is executed by hanging

infer
v. draw from specific cases for more general cases v. reason by deduction; establish by deduction

IV. THE BOSCOMBE VALLEY MYSTERY

gaunt
a. very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

litter
n. conveyance consisting of a chair or bed carried on two poles by bearers n. material used to provide a bed for animals

rummage
v. search for something (often causing disorder or confusion)

paradoxical
a. seemingly contradictory but nonetheless possibly true

grant
v. let have

proprietor
n. (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

depose
v. force to leave (an office) v. make a deposition; declare under oath

blunt
v. make numb or insensitive a. used of a knife or other blade; not sharp

inflict
v. impose something unpleasant

wilful
a. done by design a. habitually disposed to disobedience and opposition

injury
n. an act that causes someone or something to receive physical damage

inquest
n. an inquiry into the cause of an unexpected death

magistrate
n. a lay judge or civil authority who administers the law

coroner
n. a public official who investigates by inquest any death not due to natural causes

damning
a. strongly suggesting guilt or error;

culprit
n. someone who perpetrates wrongdoing

retain
v. keep in one's mind v. hold back within

perceive
v. become conscious of v. to become aware of through the senses

constabulary
n. the force of policemen and officers

ejaculate
v. utter impulsively v. eject semen

rift
n. a narrow fissure in rock n. a personal or social separation

imbecile
n. a person of subnormal intelligence

indignation
n. a feeling of righteous anger

scheming
a. concealing crafty designs for advancing your own interest

deserts
n. what person deserves with regard to reward or more usually punishment;

filial
a. designating the generation or the sequence of generations following the parental generation

bandy
v. discuss lightly

reproach
n. disgrace or shame n. a mild rebuke or criticism

contrition
n. sorrow for sin arising from fear of damnation

stroll
v. walk leisurely and with no apparent aim n. a leisurely walk (usually in some public place)

warren
n. a colony of rabbits

hideous
a. grossly offensive to decency or morality; causing horror a. so extremely ugly as to be terrifying

mumble
v. talk indistinctly; usually in a low voice v. grind with the gums; chew without teeth and with great difficulty

allusion
n. passing reference or indirect mention

delirious
a. marked by uncontrolled excitement or emotion

plaid
n. a cloth having a crisscross design

discrepancy
n. a difference between conflicting facts or claims or opinions n. an event that departs from expectations

whither
ad. to what place or state;

furtive
a. marked by quiet and caution and secrecy; taking pains to avoid being observed a. secret and sly or sordid

barometric
a. relating to atmospheric pressure or indicated by a barometer

indulgent
a. being favorably inclined a. tolerant or lenient

loophole
n. a small hole in a fortified wall; for observation or discharging weapons

defiantly
ad. in manner that shows open resistance;

blush
v. become rosy or reddish v. turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame

shatter
v. break into many pieces v. damage or destroy

ample
a. fairly large a. more than enough in size or scope or capacity

puny
a. inferior in strength or significance a. (used especially of persons) of inferior size

calamity
n. an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

glade
n. a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area

verbatim
ad. using exactly the same words a. in precisely the same words used by a writer or speaker

posterior
a. located at or near or behind a part or near the end of a structure

hardihood
n. the trait of being willing to undertake things that involve risk or danger

fag
v. exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress

comely
a. very pleasing to the eye

barmaid
n. waitress who serves drinks in bar; woman bartender;

maddening
a. extremely annoying or displeasing

upbraid
v. express criticism towards

sheer
a. so thin as to transmit light

frenzy
n. state of violent mental agitation

goad
v. stab or urge on as if with a pointed stick

console
v. give moral or emotional strength to

despair
v. abandon hope; give up hope; lose heart

cocksure
a. confident in excessive or arrogant way;

wink
v. gleam or glow intermittently v. force to go away by blinking

demure
a. affectedly modest or shy especially in a playful or provocative way

blotch
n. an irregularly shaped spot

stricken
a. affected by something overwhelming a. grievously affected especially by disease

brow
n. the part of the face above the eyes

sinewy
a. (of a person) possessing physical strength and weight; rugged and powerful

dilate
v. become wider v. add details, as to an account or idea; clarify the meaning or discourse

unheeded
a. disregarded

contemptuous
a. expressing extreme contempt

jut
v. extend out or project in space

pinnacle
n. the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development n. (architecture) a slender upright spire at the top of a buttress of tower

sodden
a. wet through and through; thoroughly wet

jagged
a. having a sharply uneven surface or outline

limp
a. not firm v. proceed slowly or with difficulty

perplexing
a. lacking clarity of meaning; causing confusion or perplexity

preach
v. speak, plead, or argue in favor of v. deliver a sermon

expound
v. state v. add details, as to an account or idea;

garment
n. an article of clothing

moss
n. tiny leafy-stemmed flowerless plants

decrepitude
n. a state of deterioration due to old age or long use

craggy
a. having hills and crags

jot
v. write briefly or hurriedly; write a short note of

extremity
n. the outermost or farthest region or point n. the greatest or utmost degree

chap
n. a boy or man

diggings
n. site such as mine or goldfield that has been excavated; lodgings;

swag
n. valuable goods

martyrdom
n. any experience that causes intense suffering

atone
v. turn away from sin or do penitence v. make amends for

entangle
v. entrap v. twist together or entwine into a confusing mass

mesh
n. contact by fitting together

compunction
n. a feeling of deep regret (usually for some misdeed)

venomous
a. marked by deep ill will; deliberately harmful a. extremely poisonous or injurious; producing venom

temptation
n. the act of influencing by exciting hope or desire n. something that seduces or has the quality to seduce

acquit
v. pronounce not guilty of criminal charges v. behave in a certain manner

V. THE FIVE ORANGE PIPS

baffle
v. check the emission of (sound) v. be a mystery or bewildering to

conjecture
n. reasoning that involves the formation of conclusions from incomplete evidence

surmise
n. a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

furnish
v. give something useful or necessary to v. provide or equip with furniture

barque
n. a sailing ship with 3 (or more) masts

vault
n. a strongroom or compartment (often made of steel) for safekeeping of valuables

equinoctial
a. relating to the vicinity of the equator

gale
n. a strong wind moving 45-90 knots; force 7 to 10 on Beaufort scale

shriek
n. sharp piercing cry n. a high-pitched noise resembling a human cry

howl
v. cry loudly, as of animals n. the long plaintive cry of a hound or a wolf

swash
v. make violent, noisy movements n. the movement or sound of water

crony
n. a close friend who accompanies his buddies in their activities

snug
a. enjoying or affording comforting warmth and shelter especially in a small space

inexplicable
a. incapable of being explained or accounted for

competence
n. the quality of being adequately or well qualified physically and intellectually

backgammon
n. a board game for two players; pieces move according to throws of the dice

draught
n. a serving of drink (usually alcoholic) drawn from a keg v. make a blueprint of

pip
n. a minor nonspecific ailment

patter
v. rain gently v. make light, rapid and repeated sounds

protrude
v. swell or extend out or project in space

putty
n. a dough-like mixture of whiting and boiled linseed oil;

palpitate
v. shake with fast, tremulous movements v. cause to throb or beat rapidly

scrawl
n. poor handwriting v. write carelessly

grate
n. a harsh rasping sound made by scraping something

fluffy
a. like down or as soft as down

treble
a. three times as great or many

whence
ad. from what place, source, or cause

sensation
n. a general feeling of excitement and heightened interest

tumultuous
a. characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination

brazen
v. face with defiance or impudence

glisten
v. be shiny, as if wet

sally
n. a venture off the beaten path n. a military action in which besieged troops burst forth

wince
v. respond to sudden pain

ado
n. a rapid active commotion

repute
n. the state of being held in high esteem and honor

sundial
n. timepiece that indicates the daylight hours by the shadow that the gnomon casts on a calibrated dial

tomfoolery
n. foolish or senseless behavior

preposterous
a. incongruous;inviting ridicule

foreboding
n. a feeling of evil to come a. ominously prophetic

implore
v. call upon in supplication; entreat

sinister
a. stemming from evil characteristics or forces; wicked or dishonorable

writhe
v. to move in a twisting or contorted motion

inexorable
a. impervious to pleas, persuasion, requests, reason a. not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

despair
v. abandon hope; give up hope; lose heart n. a state in which all hope is lost or absent

clench
v. hold in a tight grasp n. a small slip noose made with seizing

imbecility
n. retardation more severe than a moron but not as severe as an idiot n. a stupid mistake

rave
v. talk in a noisy, excited, or declamatory manner

rummage
v. thoroughly search for something (often causing disorder or confusion)

flutter
v. wink briefly v. move along rapidly and lightly; skim or dart

peril
n. a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury

contemplation
n. a long and thoughtful observation n. a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

muster
v. gather military personnel for duty

presumption
n. an assumption that is taken for granted

relentless
a. not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty a. never-ceasing

sprig
n. an ornament that resembles a spray of leaves or flowers

impunity
n. exemption from punishment or loss

perpetrator
n. someone who perpetrates wrongdoing

sporadic
a. recurring in scattered and irregular or unpredictable instances

implacable
a. incapable of being placated

voracious
a. excessively greedy and grasping a. devouring or craving food in great quantities

devour
v. eat greedily v. destroy completely

precursor
n. something that precedes and indicates the approach of something or someone

tonnage
n. a tax imposed on ships that enter the US; based on the tonnage of the ship

stevedore
n. a laborer who loads and unloads vessels in a port

VI. THE MAN WITH THE TWISTED LIP

freak
n. someone who is so ardently devoted to something that it resembles an addiction

drench
v. permeate or impregnate

laudanum
n. alcoholic solution containing morphine, prepared from opium and formerly used as narcotic painkiller;

mingle
v. to bring or combine together or with something else

droop
v. hang loosely or laxly

linoleum
n. a floor covering

clad
a. having an outer covering especially of thin metal

soothe
v. give moral or emotional strength to v. cause to feel better

hitherto
ad. used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

orgy
n. any act of immoderate indulgence

dregs
n. sediment that has settled at the bottom of a liquid

pluck
v. look for and gather

ruffian
n. a cruel and brutal fellow

errand
n. a short trip that is taken in the performance of a necessary task or mission

lurking
a. remaining hidden so as to wait in ambush;

wane
v. become smaller v. grow smaller

mumbling
a. speaking in quiet and indistinct way;

heed
n. paying particular notice (as to children or helpless people)

brazier
n. large metal container in which coal or charcoal is burned;

sallow
a. unhealthy looking

beckon
v. summon with a wave, nod, or some other gesture

haggard
a. showing the wearing effects of overwork or suffering a. very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

unkempt
a. not properly maintained or cared for a. not neatly combed

twitter
n. a series of chirps v. make high-pitched sounds, as of birds

chap
n. a boy or man

treble
a. three times as great or many v. sing treble

stupefy
v. be a mystery or bewildering to

dangle
v. hang freely

sheer
a. so thin as to transmit light

lassitude
n. a feeling of lack of interest or energy

doddering
a. mentally or physically infirm with age

senility
n. condition of being senile;

limp
a. not firm

mischief
n. reckless or malicious behavior that causes discomfort or annoyance in others

decrepit
a. lacking bodily or muscular strength or vitality a. worn and broken down by hard use

shuffle
v. move about, move back and forth v. walk by dragging one's feet

rambling
a. lengthy and confused or inconsequential; (of plant) putting out long shoots and growing over walls;

incoherent
a. without logical or meaningful connection

sot
n. a chronic drinker

rascal
n. one who is playfully mischievous n. a deceitful and unreliable scoundrel

vengeance
n. the act of taking revenge, especially in the next life

whistle
n. a small wind instrument that produces a whistling sound by blowing into it

shrill
a. of colors that are bright and gaudy

clink
n. a high sound typical of glass

murky
a. (of liquids) clouded as with sediment a. dark or gloomy

sluggish
a. (of business) not active or brisk a. moving slowly

belated
a. after the expected or usual time; delayed

reveller
n. a celebrant who shares in a noisy party

wrack
n. the destruction or collapse of something n. dried seaweed especially that cast ashore

rift
n. a narrow fissure in rock n. a personal or social separation

tax
v. use to the limit

sorely
ad. in or as if in pain ad. to a great degree

villa
n. detached or semidetached suburban house

absurd
a. incongruous;inviting ridicule a. inconsistent with reason or logic or common sense

ejaculation
n. an abrupt emphatic exclamation expressing emotion n. the discharge of semen in males

beckon
v. signal with the hands or nod v. summon with a wave, nod, or some other gesture

agitate
v. change the arrangement or position of v. move very slightly

frantically
ad. in an uncontrolled manner

necktie
n. neckwear worn (mostly by men) under a collar and tied in knot at the front

amiss
a. not functioning properly ad. in an improper or mistaken or unfortunate manner

scoundrel
n. a wicked or evil person; someone who does evil deliberately

madden
v. make mad v. drive up the wall; go on someone's nerves

wretch
n. someone you feel sorry for

Lascar
n. sailor from India or SE Asia;

abominable
a. exceptionally bad or displeasing a. unequivocally detestable

windowsill
n. the sill of a window; the horizontal member at the bottom of the window frame

sill
n. structural member consisting of a continuous horizontal timber forming the lowest member of a framework

villain
n. a wicked or evil person; someone who does evil deliberately

implicate
v. impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result v. bring into intimate and incriminating connection

vile
a. morally reprehensible a. causing or able to cause nausea

antecedent
n. someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)

vesta
n. short wooden or wax match;

reap
v. get or derive v. gather, as of natural products

mendicant
a. practicing beggary n. a pauper who lives by begging

chaff
n. material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds

remedy
v. provide relief for n. act of correcting an error or a fault or an evil

ebb
n. the outward flow of the tide v. flow back or recede

eddy
n. flow in a circular current, of liquids

scuffle
v. walk by dragging one's feet n. an unceremonious and disorganized struggle

hoard
n. a secret store of valuables or money v. save up as for future use

straggle
n. a wandering or disorderly grouping (of things or persons) v. wander from a direct or straight course

fluffy
a. like down or as soft as down

chiffon
n. a sheer fabric of silk or rayon

galvanise
v. stimulate to action v. cover with zinc

snatch
v. grasp hastily or eagerly n. the act of catching an object with the hands

octavo
n. size of book page that results from folding each printed sheet into eight leaves;

trifle
v. consider not very seriously n. a detail that is considered insignificant

corroborate
v. support with evidence or authority or make more certain or confirm v. give evidence for

inarticulate
a. without or deprived of the use of speech or words

divan
n. a Muslim council chamber or law court n. a Muslim council of state

briar
n. a pipe made from the root of the tree heath

aquiline
a. curved down like an eagle's beak

stirring
a. exciting strong but not unpleasant emotions

grime
n. the state of being covered with unclean things

repulsive
a. so extremely ugly as to be terrifying a. possessing the ability to repel

wheal
n. a raised mark on the skin; characteristic of many allergic reactions

perpetual
a. continuing forever or indefinitely

snarl
n. an angry vicious expression

slumber
n. a dormant or quiescent state

stoop
v. debase, lean the top half of the body forward and downward

peel
v. strip the skin off

sneer
n. a contemptuous or scornful remark

twitch
n. a sudden muscle spasm; especially one caused by a nervous condition

tangled
a. twisted together untidily;

bewilderment
n. feeling of being perplexed and confused;

imprisonment
n. the state of being imprisoned n. putting someone in prison or in jail as lawful punishment

blot
v. dry (ink) with blotting paper n. a blemish made by dirt

ostensibly
ad. from appearances alone

ply
v. wield vigorously

writ
n. (law) a legal document issued by a court or judicial officer

arduous
a. difficult to accomplish; demanding considerable mental effort and skill

squalid
a. foul and run-down and repulsive a. morally degraded

facility
n. a natural effortlessness

repartee
n. adroitness and cleverness in reply

confidant
n. someone to whom private matters are confided

inflict
v. impose something unpleasant

hush
v. become quiet or still; fall silent

indebt
v. cause to owe money;

VII. THE ADVENTURE OF THE BLUE CARBUNCLE

crumple
v. become wrinkled or creased v. fall apart

seedy
a. shabby and untidy a. morally degraded

forceps
n. an extractor consisting of a pair of pincers used in medical treatment (especially for the delivery of babies)

whimsical
a. determined by chance or impulse or whim rather than by necessity or reason

jostle
v. come into rough contact with while moving n. the act of jostling (forcing your way by pushing)

bizarre
a. conspicuously or grossly unconventional or unusual

batter
v. strike violently and repeatedly

jollification
n. lively celebration with others;

row
n. an angry dispute n. (construction) a layer of masonry

assailant
n. someone who attacks

labyrinth
n. complex system of paths or tunnels in which it is easy to get lost

unimpeachable
a. free of guilt; not subject to blame a. beyond doubt or reproach

felt
n. a type of thick, soft cloth made from a pressed mass of wool and hair

tatter
n. a small piece of cloth or paper

ruefully
ad. in way that expresses sorrow;

lining
n. providing something with a surface of a different material

remonstrance
n. the act of expressing earnest opposition or protest

sedentary
a. requiring sitting or little activity

anoint
v. administer an oil or ointment to ; often in a religious ceremony of blessing v. choose by or as if by divine intervention

retrogress
v. get worse or fall back to a previous condition v. go back to bad behavior

daub
v. cover (a surface) by smearing (a substance) over it v. apply to a surface

plausible
a. apparently reasonable and valid, and truthful a. given to or characterized by presenting specious arguments

lime
n. a sticky adhesive that is smeared on small branches to capture small birds

gritty
a. composed of or covered with particles resembling meal in texture or consistency

fluffy
a. like down or as soft as down

perspire
v. excrete perspiration through the pores in the skin

tallow
n. obtained from suet and used in making soap, candles and lubricants

gutter
v. burn unsteadily, feebly, or low; flicker v. flow in small streams

daze
v. cause someone to lose clear vision, especially from intense light v. overcome as with astonishment or disbelief

gasp
n. a short labored intake of breath with the mouth open v. breathe noisily, as when one is exhausted

crop
n. a pouch in a bird's gullet where food is stored or prepared for digestion

scintillate
v. reflect brightly

trove
n. treasure of unknown ownership found hidden (usually in the earth)

carbuncle
n. severe abscess or multiple boil in skin; bright red gem;

Countess
n. female equivalent of a count or earl

solder
n. an alloy (usually of lead and tin) used when melted to join two metal surfaces v. join or fuse with solder

grate
n. a harsh rasping sound made by scraping something

morocco
n. a soft pebble-grained leather made from goatskin; used for shoes and book bindings etc.

casket
n. small and often ornate box for holding jewels or other valuables n. box in which a corpse is buried or cremated

transpire
v. come about, happen, or occur v. exude water vapor

rifle
v. steal goods; take as spoils v. go through in search of something; search through someone's belongings in an unauthorized way

bonny
a. very pleasing to the eye

glint
v. throw a glance at; take a brief look at n. a spatially localized brightness

facet
n. a smooth surface (as of a bone or cut gemstone) n. a distinct feature or element in a problem

vitriol
n. abusive or venomous language used to express blame or censure or bitter deep-seated ill will

purveyor
n. someone who supplies provisions (especially food)

woodcock
n. woodland bird of sandpiper family, with long bill, brown camouflaged plumage;

bonnet
n. a hat tied under the chin n. protective covering consisting of a metal part that covers the engine

fanlight
n. a window in a roof to admit daylight n. a window above a door that is usually hinged to a horizontal crosspiece over the door

lank
a. long and thin and often limp a. long and lean

staccato
ad. separating the notes; in music

relic
n. something of sentimental value n. an antiquity that has survived from the distant past

duly
ad. at the proper time

pomposity
n. lack of elegance as a consequence of being pompous and puffed up with vanity

cravat
n. neckwear worn in a slipknot with long ends overlapping vertically in front

servitude
n. state of subjection to an owner or master or forced labor imposed as punishment

marble
n. a small ball of glass that is used in various games n. a sculpture carved from marble

slab
n. block consisting of a thick piece of something

akimbo
ad. with hands on hips and elbows extending outward

pester
v. annoy persistently

nipper
n. a young person of either sex

grim
a. causing dejection a. not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

hubbub
n. loud confused noise from many sources

cringe
v. show submission or fear v. draw back, as with fear or pain

flit
v. move along rapidly and lightly; skim or dart n. a secret move (to avoid paying debts)

vestige
n. an indication that something has been present

quaver
v. give off unsteady sounds, alternating in amplitude or frequency

sidelong
a. (used especially of glances) directed to one side with or as if with doubt or suspicion or envy

windfall
n. a sudden happening that brings good fortune n. fruit that has fallen from the tree

mantelpiece
n. shelf that projects from wall above fireplace

disown
v. cast off v. prevent deliberately (as by making a will) from inheriting

felony
n. a serious crime (such as murder or arson)

impunity
n. exemption from punishment or loss

tinge
n. a pale or subdued color v. color lightly

accuser
n. someone who imputes guilt or blame

temptation
n. the act of influencing by exciting hope or desire n. something that seduces or has the quality to seduce

scrupulous
a. characterized by extreme care and great effort

stern
a. severely simple n. the rear part of a ship

parch
v. cause to wither from exposure to heat

agony
n. intense feelings of suffering; acute mental or physical pain n. a state of acute pain

barred
a. closed or secured with a bar; marked with bands of colour or light;

gulp
v. to swallow hurriedly or greedily or in one draught n. a spasmodic reflex of the throat made as if in swallowing

gullet
n. the passage between the pharynx and the stomach

flutter
v. wink briefly v. move along rapidly and lightly; skim or dart

yonder
a. distant but within sight

branded
a. having brand name; marked with branding iron;

convulsive
a. affected by involuntary jerky muscular contractions; resembling a spasm

deficiency
n. lack of an adequate quantity or number n. the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable

retain
v. keep in one's mind v. hold back within

gaol
n. a correctional institution used to detain persons who are in the lawful custody of the government

VIII. THE ADVENTURE OF THE SPECKLED BAND

resentment
n. a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will

retort
n. a quick reply to a question or remark (especially a witty or critical one) v. answer back

outset
n. the time at which something is supposed to begin

unravel
v. become or cause to become undone by separating the fibers or threads of v. become undone

veil
v. make undecipherable or imperceptible by obscuring or concealing n. a vestment worn by a priest at High Mass in the Roman Catholic Church; a silk shawl

agitation
n. disturbance usually in protest n. a state of agitation or turbulent change or development

sooth
n. truth or reality

bewilderment
n. feeling of being perplexed and confused;

sore
a. roused to anger a. hurting

opal
n. a translucent mineral consisting of hydrated silica of variable color; some varieties are used as gemstones

tiara
n. a jeweled headdress worn by women on formal occasions

defray
v. bear the expenses of

manifold
v. combine or increase by multiplication v. make multiple copies of

encompass
v. include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory

dissolute
a. unrestrained by convention or morality

crush
v. become injured, broken, or distorted by pressure n. leather that has had its grain pattern accentuated

squire
n. an English country landowner n. a man who attends or escorts a woman

aristocratic
a. belonging to or characteristic of the nobility or aristocracy

pauper
n. a person who is very poor

perpetrate
v. perform an act, usually with a negative connotation

butler
n. a manservant (usually the head servant of a household) who has charge of wines and the table

morose
a. showing a brooding ill humor

bequeath
v. leave or give by will after one's death

reside
v. make one's home in a particular place or community v. be inherent or innate in

ancestral
a. inherited or inheritable by established rules

indulge
v. yield (to); give satisfaction to v. enjoy to excess

mania
n. a mood disorder; an affective disorder in which the victim tends to respond excessively and sometimes violently

brawl
n. a noisy fight in a crowd n. an uproarious party

parapet
n. a low wall along the edge of a roof or balcony n. fortification consisting of a low wall

vagabond
v. move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment a. continually changing especially as from one abode or occupation to another

bramble
n. any of various rough thorny shrubs or vines

cheetah
n. long-legged spotted cat of Africa and southwestern Asia

baboon
n. large terrestrial monkeys having doglike muzzles

fortnight
n. a period of fourteen consecutive days

deprive
v. take away possessions from someone v. keep from having, keeping, or obtaining

sear
v. burn slightly and superficially so as to affect color

manor
n. the mansion of a lord or wealthy person

impend
v. be imminent or about to happen

shawl
n. cloak consisting of an oblong piece of cloth used to cover the head and shoulders

clang
n. a loud resonant repeating noise v. make a loud noise

revolve
v. cause to move by turning over or in a circular manner of as if on an axis v. turn on or around an axis or a center

blanch
v. cook (vegetables) briefly v. turn pale, as if in fear

grope
v. fondle for sexual pleasure

writhe
v. to move in a twisting or contorted motion, (especially when struggling)

convulse
v. be overcome with laughter v. cause to contract

shriek
n. sharp piercing cry n. a high-pitched noise resembling a human cry

speckle
v. mark with small spots v. produce a mottled effect

fain
ad. in a willing manner a. having made preparations

creak
n. a squeaking sound v. make a high-pitched, screeching noise

charred
n. a human female employed to do housework

allusion
n. passing reference or indirect mention

herald
v. greet enthusiastically or joyfully v. foreshadow or presage

whence
ad. from what place, source, or cause

frill
n. ornamental objects of no great value

nocturnal
a. belonging to or active during the night a. of or relating to or occurring in the night

aperture
n. a device that controls amount of light admitted n. an man-made opening; usually small

hunting-crop
n. a short type of whip without a lash, used in horse riding, part of the family of tools known as horse whips

apparition
n. a ghostly appearing figure n. something existing in perception only

blandly
ad. in uninteresting manner that lacks strong emotion, features or characteristics;

draught
n. a serving of drink (usually alcoholic) drawn from a keg

meddle
v. intrude in other people's affairs or business; interfere unwantedly

bulky
a. of large size for its weight

feeble
a. lacking bodily or muscular strength or vitality a. lacking strength

insolence
n. an offensive disrespectful impudent act

confound
v. be confusing or perplexing to; cause to be unable to think clearly v. mistake one thing for another

zest
v. add herbs or spices to n. vigorous and enthusiastic enjoyment

pittance
n. an inadequate payment

dawdle
v. hang (back) or fall (behind) in movement, progress, development, etc. v. waste time

fleecy
a. (of fabrics) having soft nap produced by brushing

meadow
n. a field where grass or alfalfa are grown to be made into hay

jut
v. extend out or project in space

stile
n. an upright that is a member in a door or window frame

splendidly
ad. in magnificent or very impressive manner;

blotch
v. mark with spots or blotches of different color or shades of color as if stained n. an irregularly shaped spot

hinge
n. a movable joint or mechanism on which a door or gate, as it opens and closes or which connects linked objects.

masonry
n. structure built of stone or brick by a mason

gaping
a. wide open;

wicker
n. slender flexible branches or twigs

tassel
n. adornment consisting of a bunch of cords fastened at one end

brisk
a. very active a. imparting vitality and energy

absurd
a. incongruous;inviting ridicule a. inconsistent with reason or logic or common sense

squat
v. occupy (a dwelling) illegally

reverie
n. absentminded dreaming while awake n. an abstracted state of absorption

compliance
n. a disposition or tendency to yield to the will of others n. acting according to certain accepted standards

confine
v. close in v. deprive of freedom; take into confinement

hasp
n. a fastener for a door or lid;

tangible
a. capable of being treated as fact a. capable of being perceived; especially capable of being handled or touched or felt

loom
v. come into view indistinctly, often threateningly

scruple
n. a feeling of doubt or hesitation with regard to the morality or propriety of a course of action

clamp
v. fasten or fix with a clamp

subtle
a. able to make fine distinctions a. difficult to detect or grasp by the mind or analyze

sombre
a. lacking brightness or color; dull a. grave or even gloomy in character

breach
n. an opening (especially a gap in a dike or fortification)

clump
n. coming together as in a cluster or flock

cane
n. a stiff switch used to hit students as punishment

vigil
n. a purposeful surveillance to guard or observe n. a period of sleeplessness

befall
v. happen, occur, or be the case in the course of events or by chance v. become of; happen to

strain
v. remove by passing through a filter

loathing
n. hate coupled with disgust

parsonage
n. an official residence provided by a church for its parson or vicar or rector

gasp
v. breathe noisily, as when one is exhausted

ajar
a. slightly open

clad
a. wearing or provided with clothing; sometimes used in combination

puff
v. blow hard and loudly n. a short light gust of air

loathsome
a. highly offensive; arousing aversion or disgust

recoil
v. come back to the originator of an action with an undesired effect v. spring back; spring away from an impact

thrust
v. apply force to propel something

noose
n. a loop formed in a cord or rope by means of a slipknot; it binds tighter as the cord or rope is pulled

horrid
a. grossly offensive to decency or morality; causing horror a. exceedingly bad

perch
n. an elevated place serving as a seat

indiscreet
a. lacking discretion; injudicious

erroneous
a. containing or characterized by error

ruthless
a. without mercy or pity

reveal
v. make visible

IX. THE ADVENTURE OF THE ENGINEER’S THUMB

furnish
v. give something useful or necessary to

forgo
v. do without or cease to hold or adhere to v. lose (s.th.) or lose the right to (s.th.) by some error, offense, or crime

linger
v. move to and fro v. remain present although waning or gradually dying

tout
n. someone who advertises for customers in an especially brazen way n. one who sells advice about gambling or speculation

heather
n. interwoven yarns of mixed colors producing muted greyish shades with flecks of color

tweed
n. (usually in the plural) trousers made of flannel or gabardine or tweed or white cloth

mottle
v. colour with streaks or blotches of different shades v. mark with spots or blotches of different color or shades of color as if stained

hydraulic
a. moved or operated or effected by liquid (water or oil) a. of or relating to the study of hydraulics

abode
n. any address at which you dwell more than temporarily n. housing that someone is living in

shudder
n. an almost pleasurable sensation of fright v. tremble convulsively, as from fear or excitement

twig
n. a small branch or division of a branch

cleaver
n. a butcher's knife having a large square blade

by no means
ad. not at all; certainly not

wadding
n. soft, thick material used to line garments or pack fragile items;

wincing
n. reacting with slight involuntary grimace or shrinking movement of body;

agony
n. intense feelings of suffering; acute mental or physical pain n. a state of acute pain

dottle
n. the residue of partially burnt tobacco left caked in the bowl of a pipe after smoking

genial
a. diffusing warmth and friendliness a. agreeable, conducive to comfort

rasher
n. a thin slice of bacon

stimulant
a. that stimulates n. a drug that temporarily quickens some vital process

dreary
a. causing dejection a. lacking in liveliness or charm or surprise

emaciation
n. state of being abnormally thin or weak;

bosom
n. either of two soft fleshy milk-secreting glandular organs on the chest of a woman

fling
v. indulge oneself v. move in an abrupt or headlong manner

repulsion
n. the force by which bodies repel one another

antics
n. foolish, outrageous, or amusing behaviour;

dread
n. great fear or apprehension

munificent
a. very generous

compel
v. force somebody to do something v. necessitate or exact

shake-down
v. become established in a new place or situation; settle down

dank
a. unpleasantly cool and humid

lest
conj. with intention of preventing;

injunction
n. (law) a judicial remedy issued in order to prohibit a party from doing or continuing to do a certain activity

wicket
n. a small arch used as croquet equipment n. small gate or door (especially one that is part of a larger door)

glossy
a. reflecting light n. a magazine printed on good quality paper

lurch
v. move abruptly

jolt
v. move or cause to move with a sudden jerky motion v. disturb (someone's) composure

crisp
n. wrinkles or creases on a smooth surface

porch
n. a structure attached to the exterior of a building often forming a covered entrance

fleeting
a. lasting for a markedly brief time

fumble
v. make a mess of, destroy or ruin v. handle clumsily

gloss
n. an explanation or definition of an obscure word in a text

gruff
a. brusque and surly and forbidding a. deep and harsh sounding as if from shouting or illness or emotion

monosyllable
n. a word or utterance of one syllable

harmonium
n. a free-reed instrument in which air is forced through the reeds by bellows

preliminary
a. denoting an action or event preceding or in preparation for something more important; designed to orient or acquaint with a situation before proceeding n. a minor match preceding the main event

aperture
n. an man-made opening; usually small

headstrong
a. habitually disposed to disobedience and opposition

slink
v. walk stealthily

monomaniac
n. person exhibiting exaggerated or obsessive enthusiasm for or preoccupation with one thing

entreaty
n. earnest or urgent request

labyrinth
n. complex system of paths or tunnels in which it is easy to get lost

morose
a. showing a brooding ill humor

fellow-countryman
n. a male citizen of the same state as the person speaking, writing, or being referred to

piston
n. mechanical device that has a plunging or thrusting motion

lateral
a. situated at or extending to the side a. lying away from the median and sagittal plane of a body

whish
v. make a sibilant sound

regurgitation
n. action of bringing swallowed food up again to mouth; repetition of information without analysis;

cadaverous
a. very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

fabrication
n. the act of making something (a product) from raw materials n. the act of constructing something (as a piece of machinery)

crust
n. the trait of being rude and impertinent; inclined to take liberties

stoop
v. debase oneself morally, act in an undignified, unworthy, or dishonorable way

baleful
a. threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments a. deadly or sinister

shove
v. press or force v. push roughly

clank
n. a loud resonant repeating noise

swish
n. a brushing or rustling sound

jerky
a. characterized by abrupt stops and starts; contemptibly foolish;

pulp
n. any soft or soggy mass

implore
v. call upon in supplication; entreat

remorseless
a. without mercy or pity

shudder
v. tremble convulsively, as from fear or excitement

waver
v. be unsure or weak

gush
n. stream or spring forth

slab
n. block consisting of a thick piece of something

pluck
v. look for and gather

tug
v. strive and make an effort to reach a goal v. pull or strain hard at

ruffian
n. a cruel and brutal fellow

throb
n. a deep pulsating type of pain n. an instance of rapid strong pulsation (of the heart)

dazed
a. in a state of mental numbness especially as resulting from shock a. stunned or confused and slow to react (as from blows or drunkenness or exhaustion)

ponderous
a. having great mass and weight and unwieldiness a. labored and dull

overhaul
v. make repairs, renovations, revisions or adjustments to n. the act of improving by renewing and restoring

out-and-out
ad. in every respect; absolute; without question

ordnance
n. mounted guns; branch of government service dealing;

inexorable
a. impervious to pleas, persuasion, requests, reason a. not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

ruse
n. a deceptive maneuver (especially to avoid capture)

amalgam
n. an alloy of mercury with another metal (usually silver) used by dentists to fill cavities in teeth;

spout
v. gush forth in a sudden stream or jet n. an opening that allows the passage of liquids or grain

bulky
a. of large size for its weight

subdue
v. get on top of; deal with successfully v. to put down by force or authority

flame
n. the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke

ruefully
ad. in way that expresses sorrow;

X. THE ADVENTURE OF THE NOBLE BACHELOR

exalted
a. of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style

piquant
a. having an agreeably pungent taste a. attracting or delighting

eclipse
v. cause an eclipse of (a celestial body) by intervention v. be greater in significance than

memoir
n. an account of the author's personal experiences n. an essay on a scientific or scholarly topic

stroll
v. walk leisurely and with no apparent aim n. a leisurely walk (usually in some public place)

throb
v. beat or sound with a strong, regular rhythm; pulsate steadily

monogram
n. a graphic symbol consisting of 2 or more letters combined (usually your initials); printed on stationery or embroidered on clothing

epistle
n. a specially long, formal letter

monger
n. someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

tide-waiter
n. a customs inspector at a seaport

diligent
a. quietly and steadily persevering especially in detail or exactness a. characterized by care and perseverance in carrying out tasks

ruefully
ad. in way that expresses sorrow;

paramount
a. having superior power and influence

azure
n. a light shade of blue

distaff
a. characteristic of or peculiar to a woman n. the sphere of work by women

terse
a. brief and to the point; effectively cut short

dowry
n. money or property brought by a woman to her husband at marriage

peeress
n. woman holding rank of peer in her own right;

curt
a. brief and to the point; effectively cut short a. marked by rude or peremptory shortness

consternation
n. fear resulting from the awareness of danger

hush
v. become quiet or still; fall silent v. run water over the ground to erode (soil), revealing the underlying strata and valuable minerals

ascertain
v. find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort

bridal
a. of or pertaining to a bride a. of or relating to a wedding

allege
v. report or maintain

footman
n. a man employed as a servant in a large establishment (as a palace) to run errands and do chores

ulster
n. man's long, loose overcoat of rough cloth;

bonnet
n. a hat tied under the chin

apparel
v. provide with clothes or put clothes on n. clothing in general

transpire
v. come about, happen, or occur v. exude water vapor

danseuse
n. a female ballet dancer

page-boy
n. a young male attendant at a wedding or a cotillion

brisk
a. very active a. imparting vitality and energy

undue
a. not appropriate or proper (or even legal) in the circumstances

verge
n. a ceremonial or emblematic staff n. a region marking a boundary

foppish
a. affecting extreme elegance in dress and manner

gaiter
n. covering for ankle and lower leg;

delicate
a. difficult to handle; requiring great tact

suave
a. smoothly agreeable and courteous with a degree of sophistication a. having a sophisticated charm

tomboy
n. girl who enjoys rough, noisy activities traditionally associated with boys;

unfetter
v. release from restraint or inhibition;

impetuous
a. characterized by undue haste and lack of thought or deliberation

volcanic
a. explosively unstable

repugnant
a. offensive to the mind

locket
n. a small ornamental case; usually contains a picture or a lock of hair and is worn on a necklace

miniature
n. painting or drawing included in a book (especially in illuminated medieval manuscripts)

lustrous
a. brilliant a. made smooth and bright by or as if by rubbing; reflecting a sheen or glow

exquisite
a. delicately beautiful a. lavishly elegant and refined

bouquet
n. a pleasingly sweet olfactory property n. an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present

vestry
n. a room in a church where sacred vessels and vestments are kept or meetings are held

pew
n. long bench with backs; used in church by the congregation

footing
n. a relation that provides the foundation for something n. status with respect to the relations between people or groups

decoy
v. lure fish or other animals into danger so they can be trapped or killed

propound
v. put forward, as of an idea

stride
n. significant progress (especially in the phrase v. cover or traverse by taking long steps

aspire
v. have an ambitious plan or a lofty goal

conjecture
n. reasoning that involves the formation of conclusions from incomplete evidence

tumbler
n. a glass with a flat bottom but no handle or stem; originally had a round bottom

cravat
n. neckwear worn in a slipknot with long ends overlapping vertically in front

nautical
a. relating to or involving ships or shipping or navigation or seamen

infernal
a. extremely evil or cruel; expressive of cruelty or befitting hell

snarl
v. give an angry vicious expression

tumble
v. fall suddenly and sharply

satin
n. a smooth fabric of silk or rayon; has a glossy face and a dull back

wreath
n. flower arrangement consisting of a circular band of foliage or flowers for ornamental purposes

wardrobe
n. collection of clothing belonging to one person

drawl
v. lengthen and slow down or draw out

confectioner
n. someone who makes candies and other sweets

epicurean
a. devoted to pleasure

mahogany
n. any of various tropical timber trees of the family Meliaceae, hard yellowish- to reddish-brown wood that is readily worked and takes a high polish

woodcock
n. woodland bird of sandpiper family, with long bill, brown camouflaged plumage;

pheasant
n. large long-tailed gallinaceous bird

bustle
v. move or cause to move energetically or busily

dangle
v. hang freely

perturb
v. disturb in mind or make uneasy or cause to be worried or alarmed v. throw into great confusion or disorder

lenient
a. characterized by tolerance and mercy a. tolerant or lenient

beckon
v. signal with the hands or nod v. summon with a wave, nod, or some other gesture

acquiesce
v. agree or express agreement

stalk
v. walk with measured, stiff, or haughty strides

folly
n. the quality of being rash and foolish n. a stupid mistake

blundering
a. making or characterized by stupid mistakes;

inexplicable
a. incapable of being explained or accounted for

repent
v. turn away from sin or do penitence v. feel remorse for; feel sorry for; be contrite about

parlance
n. a manner of speaking that is natural to native speakers of a language

thither
ad. to or toward that place; away from the speaker

paternal
a. belonging to or inherited from one's father a. relating to or characteristic of or befitting a parent

woo
v. seek someone's favor v. make amorous advances towards

deprive
v. take away possessions from someone v. keep from having, keeping, or obtaining

bleak
a. offering little or no hope a. unpleasantly cold and damp

XI. THE ADVENTURE OF THE BERYL CORONET

shimmer
v. shine with a weak or fitful light v. give off a shimmering reflection, as of silk

crumbly
a. easily broken into small fragments or reduced to powder

portly
a. euphemisms for fat

imposing
a. used of a person's appearance or behavior; befitting an eminent person a. impressive in appearance

waggle
v. move from side to side n. causing to move repeatedly from side to side

writhe
v. to move in a twisting or contorted motion, (especially when struggling)

gesticulate
v. show, express or direct through movement

pluck
v. look for and gather

sooth
n. truth or reality

haste
n. a condition of urgency making it necessary to hurry n. overly eager speed (and possible carelessness)

affliction
n. a cause of great suffering and distress n. a state of great suffering and distress due to adversity

remunerative
a. producing a sizeable profit a. for which money is paid

unimpeachable
a. free of guilt; not subject to blame a. beyond doubt or reproach

household word
n. a person or thing that is well known by the public

trifling
a. not worth considering

parley
v. discuss, as between enemies n. a negotiation between enemies

morocco
n. a soft pebble-grained leather made from goatskin; used for shoes and book bindings etc.

ample
a. fairly large a. more than enough in size or scope or capacity

discreet
a. unobtrusively perceptive and sympathetic a. marked by prudence or modesty and wise self-restraint

refrain
v. resist doing something

entail
v. have as a logical consequence n. the act of entailing property; the creation of a fee tail from a fee simple

ensue
v. issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end

imprudence
n. a lack of caution in practical affairs

bureau
n. furniture with drawers for keeping clothes

groom
n. a person employed to take care of horses n. a man who has recently been married

page
n. a young person employed in a hotel or other establishment to run errands, open doors, etc

stern
a. severely simple

wayward
a. resistant to guidance or discipline

squander
v. spend thoughtlessly; throw away v. spend extravagantly

implore
v. call upon in supplication; entreat

glamour
n. alluring beauty or charm (often with sex-appeal)

suppress
v. put out of one's consciousness v. reduce the incidence or severity of or stop

coronet
n. a small crown; usually indicates a high rank but below that of sovereign

farthing
n. a former British bronze coin worth a quarter of a penny

lucid
a. (of language) transparently clear; easily understandable a. having a clear mind

tend
v. have care of or look after v. manage or run

ere
prep. before;

palpitate
v. shake with fast, tremulous movements v. cause to throb or beat rapidly

peep
v. make high-pitched sounds v. cause to appear

wrench
v. make a sudden twisting motion

sullen
a. showing a brooding ill humor a. darkened by clouds

convulse
v. be overcome with laughter v. cause to contract

avert
v. prevent the occurrence of; prevent from happening v. turn away or aside

heinous
a. extremely wicked, deeply criminal

reparation
n. (usually plural) compensation exacted from a defeated nation by the victors n. compensation (given or received) for an insult or injury

sneer
n. a contemptuous or scornful remark

unravel
v. become or cause to become undone by separating the fibers or threads of v. become undone

felony
n. a serious crime (such as murder or arson)

tenable
a. based on sound reasoning or evidence

desultory
a. marked by lack of definite plan or regularity or purpose; jumping from one thing to another

thicket
n. a dense growth of bushes

pallor
n. unnatural lack of color in the skin (as from bruising or sickness or emotional distress)

caress
n. a gentle affectionate stroking (or something resembling it) v. touch or stroke lightly in a loving or endearing manner

hush
v. become quiet or still; fall silent

infer
v. draw from specific cases for more general cases v. reason by deduction; establish by deduction

diadem
n. an ornamental jeweled headdress signifying sovereignty

recoil
v. come back to the originator of an action with an undesired effect v. spring back; spring away from an impact

inscrutable
a. of an obscure nature

carte blanche
n. complete freedom to act as one wishes or thinks best

congenial
a. (used of plants) capable of cross-fertilization or of being grafted a. suitable to your needs

mould
n. a distinctive nature, character, or type

pinch
v. irritate as if by a nip or tear

lethargy
n. weakness characterized by a lack of vitality or energy

violence
n. a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction etc.

sorrow
n. the state of being sad

desert
v. abandon, often in order to join the opposing cause, country, or army

apiece
ad. to or from every one of two or more (considered individually)

daze
v. cause someone to lose clear vision, especially from intense light v. overcome as with astonishment or disbelief

petrify
v. cause to become stonelike or stiff or dazed and stunned v. change into stone

scuffle
v. walk by dragging one's feet n. an unceremonious and disorganized struggle

chivalrous
a. being attentive to women like an ideal knight

smudge
n. a blemish made by dirt

instep
n. the part of a shoe or stocking that covers the arch of the foot n. the arch of the foot

maxim
n. a saying that is widely accepted on its own merits

valet
n. a man servant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer

vagabond
n. moving about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

astute
a. marked by practical hardheaded intelligence

chaffer
v. wrangle (over a price, terms of an agreement, etc.) v. talk socially without exchanging too much information

XII. THE ADVENTURE OF THE COPPER BEECHES

embellish
v. make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc. v. add details to

prominence
n. relative importance

province
n. the proper sphere or extent of your activities

err
v. make a mistake or be incorrect v. wander from a direct course or at random

glow
v. shine intensely, as if with heat

cinder
n. a fragment of incombustible matter left after a wood or coal or charcoal fire

tongs
n. any of various devices for taking hold of objects; usually have two hinged legs with handles above and pointed hooks below

disputatious
a. inclined or showing an inclination to dispute or disagree, even to engage in law suits

egotism
n. an exaggerated opinion of your own importance n. an inflated feeling of pride in your superiority to others

conceit
n. an artistic device or effect, false pride

dwell
v. come back to v. think moodily or anxiously about something

sensational
a. commanding attention a. causing intense interest, curiosity, or emotion

border
v. form an edge along or beside something

weaver
n. a craftsman who weaves cloth

carbuncle
n. severe abscess or multiple boil in skin; bright red gem;

whim
n. a sudden desire n. an odd or fanciful or capricious idea

freckle
v. cover with small patch of light brown color on the skin

plover
n. short-billed gregarious wading bird;

brisk
a. very active a. imparting vitality and energy

droop
v. hang loosely or laxly

wit
n. mental sharpness and inventiveness; keen intelligence

anteroom
n. a large entrance or reception room or area

prodigious
a. far beyond what is usual in magnitude or degree a. so great in size or force or extent as to elicit awe

genial
a. diffusing warmth and friendliness a. agreeable, conducive to comfort

deportment
n. the way a person behaves toward other people

rear
v. stand up on the hind legs, of quadrupeds

condescend
v. show feelings of superiority; be patronizing

destitute
a. poor enough to need help from others a. completely wanting or lacking

incredulity
n. doubt about the truth of something

slit
n. a narrow fissure

romper
n. young child's one-piece outer garment;

propriety
n. correct or appropriate behavior

faddy
a. liking or disliking particular things, especially food, for no good reason

offhand
ad. without preparation ad. in a casually inconsiderate manner

exert
v. put to use v. make a great effort at a mental or physical task

fad
n. an interest followed with exaggerated zeal

lunatic
a. insane and believed to be affected by the phases of the moon n. a reckless impetuous irresponsible person

asylum
n. a hospital for mentally incompetent or unbalanced person n. a shelter from danger or hardship

bustle
v. move or cause to move energetically or busily

stray
v. wander from a direct course or at random v. move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

indulge
v. yield (to); give satisfaction to v. enjoy to excess

retort
n. a quick reply to a question or remark (especially a witty or critical one)

acetone
n. colourless volatile liquid ketone used as solvent;

fleecy
a. (of fabrics) having soft nap produced by brushing

exhilarate
v. fill with sublime emotion

nip
n. a small sharp bite or snip

foliage
n. (architecture) leaf-like architectural ornament

impunity
n. exemption from punishment or loss

homestead
n. a house, especially a farmhouse, and outbuildings

vile
a. morally reprehensible a. causing or able to cause nausea

thud
v. make a noise typical of an engine lacking lubricants v. make a dull sound

beget
v. give rise to; bring about

complaint
n. (criminal law) a pleading describing some wrong or offense

repute
n. the state of being held in high esteem and honor

invaluable
a. having incalculable monetary, intellectual, or spiritual worth

clump
n. a compacted mass or lump of something

conjecture
n. reasoning that involves the formation of conclusions from incomplete evidence

nonentity
n. a person of no influence n. the state of not existing

forestall
v. keep from happening or arising; make impossible v. act in advance of; deal with ahead of time

bluff
a. bluntly direct and outspoken but good-natured

boisterous
a. full of rough and exuberant animal spirits a. noisy and lacking in restraint or discipline

savage
a. without civilizing influences v. criticize harshly or violently

sulk
v. be in a huff and display one's displeasure

uncouth
a. lacking refinement or cultivation or taste

detract
v. take away a part from; diminish

iota
n. a tiny or scarcely detectable amount n. the 9th letter of the Greek alphabet

beige
a. of a light greyish-brown color n. a very light brown

exaggerate
v. enlarge beyond bounds or the truth v. do something to an excessive degree

vehemence
n. intensity or forcefulness of expression

divine
v. discover something by guesswork or intuition

impertinent
a. improperly forward or bold

loiter
v. be about

huddle
v. crowd or draw together n. (informal) a quick private conference

mastiff
n. an old breed of powerful dog used chiefly as a watchdog and guard dog

groom
n. a person employed to take care of horses

pretext
n. an artful or simulated semblance n. something serving to conceal plans

tawny
a. of a light brown to brownish orange color; the color of tanned leather

jowl
n. a fullness and looseness of the flesh of the lower cheek and jaw (characteristic of aging)

sentinel
n. a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event n. a soldier or guard whose job is to stand and keep watch

coil
n. a length of something wound or arranged in a spiral or sequence of rings

obtrude
v. thrust oneself in as if by force v. push to thrust outward

tress
n. long lock of woman's hair; v. arrange person's hair into long locks;

jovial
a. full of or showing high-spirited merriment

crinkle
v. make wrinkles or creases on a smooth surface v. become wrinkled or crumpled or creased

shutter
v. close with shutters n. a hinged blind for a window

jest
n. a humorous anecdote or remark intended to provoke laughter

veil
v. make undecipherable or imperceptible by obscuring or concealing

pant
v. breathe with short, quick breaths, typically from exertion or excitement

caress
v. touch or stroke lightly in a loving or endearing manner

eerie
a. suggestive of the supernatural; mysterious

personate
v. play part of;

converse
a. turned about in order or relation n. a proposition obtained by conversion

bode
v. indicate by signs

circumspect
a. heedful of potential consequences

thud
v. make a noise typical of an engine lacking lubricants v. make a dull sound

snore
v. breathe with a snorting or grunting sound while asleep

transverse
a. extending or lying across; in a crosswise direction; at right angles to the long axis

rickety
a. lacking bodily or muscular strength or vitality a. inclined to shake as from weakness or defect

pallet
n. a portable platform for storing or moving goods that are stacked on it

eaves
n. the overhang at the lower edge of a roof

burly
a. muscular and heavily built

shrink
v. draw back, as with fear or pain v. become smaller or draw together

famish
v. die of food deprivation v. deprive of food

muzzle
n. the projecting part of the face, including the nose and mouth, of an animal such as a dog or horse

mangle
v. injure badly by beating v. press with a mangle

sober
a. completely lacking in playfulness

gaunt
a. very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

blockade
v. obstruct access to v. render unsuitable for passage

serenely
ad. in calm, peaceful, and untroubled manner;

locus
n. the scene of any event or action (especially the place of a meeting)

Words of The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes