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TOEIC Reading Vocabulary (1): Print One-sided Flashcard

acquisition:
n. Syn. acquirement; attainment
(अधिग्रहण) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something
adolescent:
n.
(किशोर) a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity;
adverse:
a. Syn. unfavorable; hostile
(प्रतिकूल) in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose
aesthetic:
a. Syn. artistic; elegant
(सौंदर्य) elegant or tasteful; of or concerning appreciation of beauty or good taste
affiliate:
v. Syn. associate; incorporate
(सहबद्ध) associate; incorporate
afflict:
v. Syn. plague; suffer; torment
(दु: ख) cause pain, suffering or distress
aggravate:
v. Syn. worsen; exacerbate
(बढ़) worsen; make worse or more troublesome
agitation:
n. Syn. anxiety; disturbance
(आंदोलन) anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance
alleviate:
v. Syn. relieve; moderate; reduce
(कम) provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part
amends:
n.
(क्षतिपूर्ति) compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation
anonymous:
a. Syn. unknown; nameless
(अनामक) having no name; having unknown or unacknowledged name
appraisal:
n. Syn. assessment; evaluation
(मूल्यांकन) assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
articulate:
a. Syn. effective; distinct
(मुखर) expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language
ascertain:
v. Syn. discover; insure
(पता लगाना) find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of
ascribe:
v. Syn. refer; attribute; assign
(मानो) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality
assault:
n. Syn. attack; onslaught
(हमला) attack; onslaught
assert:
v. Syn. declare
(जोर) declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly
asset:
n. Syn. properties; advantage
(संपत्ति) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality
assimilate:
v. Syn. absorb
(आत्मसात) incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble
attorney:
n. Syn. lawyer
(वकील) lawyer; one who is appointed by another to act in his place or stead; proxy
augment:
v. Syn. increase
(बढ़ाने) make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity
authentic:
a. Syn. genuine; real; valid; trustworthy
(प्रामाणिक) not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy
avail:
v. Syn. profit; promote
(लाभ) turn to advantage of; be of service to; profit; promote
avert:
v. Syn. prevent
(एवियरी) prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away
baffle:
v. Syn. frustrate; perplex
(भ्रमित) frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of
barren:
a. Syn. desolate
(बंजर) desolate; fruitless and unproductive; lacking
batch:
n.
(बैच) quantity of bread baked at one time; a collection of things or persons to be handled together
bizarre:
a. Syn. fantastic
(विचित्र) fantastic; violently contrasting; strangely unconventional in style or appearance
bleak:
a. Syn. cold; cheerless
(अंधकारमय) cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable
blunder:
n. Syn. error
(गलती) serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion
blunt:
a. Syn. insensitive
(अभिशप्त कुंद) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive
bonus:
n.
(बोनस) an extra dividend to the shareholders; money paid in addition to a stated compensation
brace:
n.
(ब्रेस) something which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly, as bandage, cord, or rod;
brittle:
a.
(सीख) easily broken; having little elasticity
capsule:
n. Syn. pill
(कैप्सूल) small container; pill in form of small rounded gelatinous; shortened version of a written work
casualty:
n.
(हताहत) serious or fatal accident; someone injured or killed in an accident
ceramic:
a.
(सिरेमिक) of or pertaining to pottery; relating to the art of making earthenware; as, ceramic products; ceramic ornaments for ceilings.
cereal:
n.
(अनाज) grass such as wheat, oats, or corn, the starchy grains of which are used as food.
commentary:
n.
(टीका) written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material
commitment:
n.
(प्रतिबद्धता) pledge, undertaking; act of binding yourself to a course of action
commute:
v.
(पहनना) obtain or bargain for exemption or substitution; travel regularly from a place of residence to another place
compatible:
a. Syn. harmonious
(संगत) harmonious; having similar disposition and tastes
competence:
n.
(क्षमता) quality of being adequately or well qualified physically and intellectually
compile:
v. Syn. assemble; gather; accumulate
(संकलन) put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources
compulsory:
a. Syn. mandatory; obligatory
(अनिवार्य) mandatory; obligatory; required by rule
concede:
v. Syn. admit; yield
(मानते हैं) admit; yield; give up physical control of another
conceive:
v. Syn. design; consider
(गर्भ धारण) form or develop in the mind; devise; become pregnant with; begin or originate in a specific way
concession:
n.
(रियायत) act of yielding; point yielded; acknowledgment or admission
concise:
a. Syn. succinct; terse
(संक्षिप्त) brief and compact; expressing much in few words
confer:
v.
(प्रदान) bestow; present; have a conference in order to talk something over
configuration:
n.
(विन्यास) arrangement of parts or elements; outline
conform:
v.
(अनुरूप) comply with; follow; fit; meet
confusion:
n.
(भ्रम) mistake that results from taking one thing to be another; lack of clarity or order
consecutive:
a. Syn. successive; sequential
(लगातार) following one after another without interruption; sequential
consensus:
n. Syn. Agreement; accord
(सर्वसम्मति) general agreement or accord; opinion reached by a group as a whole
conserve:
v. Syn. retain; preserve
(संरक्षण) retain; protect from loss or harm; preserve; use carefully or sparingly, avoiding waste
conspicuous:
a. Syn. noticeable; prominent
(विशिष्ट) noticeable; prominent; easy to notice; obvious
constituent:
n. Syn. component; element; ingredient
(घटक) component or part; citizen, voter
constrain:
v. Syn. restrain; confine
(विवश) restrain; keep within close bounds; confine
consultant:
n.
(सलाहकार) an expert who gives advice
contaminate:
v. Syn. taint; pollute; defile
(दूषित) make impure or unclean by contact or mixture; pollute; defile
contemplate:
v. Syn. ponder; meditate
(विचार) look at attentively and thoughtfully; observe deep in thought
contempt:
n. Syn. disgrace
(अवमानना) state of being despised or dishonored; disgrace; disobedience to, or open disrespect of
contend:
v.
(संघर्ष) strive in opposition; contest; dispute; struggle for
contradict:
v. Syn. confront; oppose
(खंडन) confront; oppose
contrive:
v.
(ईजाद) form by an exercise of ingenuity; devise; invent; design
controversial:
a. Syn. controvertible; disputable
(विवादास्पद) controvertible; disputable
controversy:
n. Syn. contention; argument
(विवाद) contentious speech act; argument
converge:
v. Syn. approach
(एकाग्र) approach; tend to meet; come together
convict:
v.
(अपराधी) find or declare guilty
cordial:
a. Syn. gracious
(प्रचुर सौहार्दपूर्ण) gracious; showing warm and friendliness
corps:
n.
(वाहिनी) an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions; a body of people associated together
corrode:
v.
(संक्षारक) destroy metal or alloy gradually, especially by chemical action; be eaten or worn away
corrupt:
a. Syn. spoiled; tainted
(भ्रष्ट) changed from sound to putrid state; spoiled; tainted
costume:
n. Syn. dress; attire
(पोशाक) dress; attire; aset of clothes appropriate for a particular occasion or season
courtesy:
n.
(शिष्टाचार) polite behavior; act of civility or respect; consent or agreement in spite of fact
cripple:
n. Syn. handicap; maim; disable
(अपंग) person or animal that is partially disabled or unable to use a limb or limb
criterion:
n.
(मापदंड) standard of judging; any approved or established rule or test
crucial:
a.
(महत्वपूर्ण) of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis; of the greatest importance
culminate:
v.
(पुलिया) reach the highest or most decisive point; rise to summit
cumulative:
a.
(संचयी) increasing by successive addition
curb:
v.
(रोकने) bend or curve; guide and manage, or restrain
curt:
a.
(रूखा) having been shortened; effectively cut short; rudely brief or abrupt, as in speech or manner
cynical:
a.
(निंदक) skeptical of motives of others; selfishly calculating; negative or pessimistic
deficit:
n. Syn. shortfall; shortage
(घाटा) inadequacy or insufficiency; sum of money falls short of required amount; shortage
degenerate:
v. Syn. deteriorate
(पतित) become worse; decline; fall
deliberate:
v. Syn. consider; ponder
(जानबूझकर) consider; think about carefully; weigh
denote:
v. Syn. signify; indicate; show
(निरूपित) indicate; signify directly; refer to specifically
denounce:
v. Syn. condemn; criticize; announce
(निंदा) condemn openly; criticize; make known in formal manner
depict:
v. Syn. portray; describe
(दर्शाती) represent in a picture or sculpture; portray in words; describe
designate:
v. Syn. nominate; assign; name
(नामित) indicate or specify; point out; assign a name or title to
despise:
v.
(तिरस्कार) dislike intensely; regard with contempt or scorn
deteriorate:
v. Syn. decline
(खराब) become worse; decline
diffuse:
v.
(फैलाना) spread out widely; scatter freely; pour out and cause to spread freely
dilemma:
n. Syn. predicament
(दुविधा) predicament; state of uncertainty or between equally unfavorable options
dilute:
v. Syn. weaken; attenuate
(पतला) weaken; make thinner or less concentrated by adding a liquid such as water
discern:
v. Syn. detect; perceive
(देख लेना) detect; perceive
discrepancy:
n. Syn. difference
(विसंगति) lack of consistency; difference
discrete:
a. Syn. separate; distinct
(असतत) separate; consisting of unconnected distinct parts
disguise:
n.
(भेस) dress or exterior put on for purposes of concealment or of deception
dismay:
v. Syn. discourage; frighten
(निराशा) destroy courage or resolution by exciting dread; cause to lose enthusiasm
dispatch:
n. Syn. expedition; sending off
(प्रेषण) act of sending off something; property of being prompt and efficient; message usually sent in haste
disperse:
v. Syn. scatter
(फैलाने) move away from each other; cause to separate; cause to become widely known
disposition:
n. Syn. temperament; nature; tendency
(स्वभाव) natural or acquired habit with tendency; act or means of getting rid of something
disrupt:
v. Syn. upset; interrupt
(बाधित) upset; throw into confusion or disorder
dissipate:
v. Syn. waste; scatter
(फैलने) spend or expend wastefully; vanish by dispersion; drive away; disperse
distil:
v.
(स्वच्छ) drop; fall in drops; flow in a small stream
disturbance:
n. Syn. disorder; turmoil
(अशांति) disorder; turmoil; mental or emotional unbalance or disorder
divine:
v.
(प्रकट करना) perceive intuitively; foresee future; have nature of or being a deity
drastic:
a. Syn. radical; severe
(कठोर) radical; taking effect violently or rapidly
dubious:
a. Syn. questionable
(संदिग्ध) questionable; filled with doubt
dwell:
v. Syn. reside; inhabit
(ध्यान केन्द्रित करना) live as a resident; exist in a given place or state
eccentric:
a. Syn. irregular; odd; whimsical; bizarre
(विलक्षण) departing from a recognized, conventional, or established norm or pattern
edible:
a. Syn. eatable
(खाद्य) eatable; substance that can be used as food
ego:
n.
(अहंकार) self, especially as distinct from the world and other selves; exaggerated sense of self-importance
elicit:
v. Syn. provoke
(अमृत) draw out; bring forth or to light; generate or provoke as response or answer
elite:
n.
(कुलीन) a group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual or social or economic status
eloquent:
a. Syn. expressive; persuasive
(सुवक्ता) vividly or movingly expressive; persuasive
embark:
v. Syn. commence
(लगना) commence; go on board a boat or airplane; begin a journey
empirical:
a.
(अनुभवजन्य) derived from experiment and observation rather than theory
endow:
v. Syn. grant; award
(वृत्तिदान) grant; award; give qualities or abilities to
enhance:
v. Syn. increase; improve
(बढ़ाने) make better or more attractive; increase; improve
ensue:
v. Syn. follow
(पीछा करना) pursue; follow or come afterward; follow as a consequence
entail:
v. Syn. require; necessitate; involve
(पड़ेगा) imply or require; cause to ensue or accrue; cut or carve in ornamental way
entity:
n.
(इकाई) real being; something that exists as a particular and discrete unit; fact of existence
entrepreneur:
n. Syn. businessperson; enterprise
(उद्यमी) person who organizes and operates a business; contractor
envisage:
v.
(कल्पना) look in the face of; apprehend; consider or regard in a certain way
epoch:
n. Syn. era
(युग) particular period of history, especially one considered remarkable
equilibrium:
n. Syn. balance
(संतुलन) mental or emotional balance; state of balance of any causes, powers, or motives
erosion:
n. Syn. corrosion
(कटाव) corrosion; a gradual decline of something
erroneous:
a. Syn. mistaken; wrong
(गलत) containing or derived from error; mistaken
escort:
n.
(अनुरक्षण) one who conducts someone as attendant; guard; protection, care, or safeguard on a journey
essence:
n.
(सार) most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience
ethics:
n. Syn. morals; principles
(नैतिकता) morals; study of principles relating to right and wrong conduct.
ethnic:
a. Syn. racial
(जातीय) relating to races; group of people sharing common racial, national, or religious heritage
evoke:
v. Syn. bring out; arouse
(आह्वान) bring out; arouse; call forth
exemplify:
v. Syn. embody
(उदाहरण देना) serve as an example of; embody
exempt:
a.
(मुक्त) not subject to duty or obligation; not subject to taxation
exotic:
a. Syn. strange
(विदेशी) from another part of the world; foreign; strikingly strange or unusual
expertise:
n. Syn. skill
(विशेषज्ञता) specialized knowledge; expert skill
explicit:
a. Syn. definite; outspoken
(स्पष्ट) precisely and clearly expressed; definite; outspoken
exposition:
n.
(प्रदर्शनी) exhibition; part of a play that provides the background information; opening section of a fugue
exquisite:
a. Syn. excellent; flawless
(उत्तम) excellent; flawless; acutely perceptive or discriminating
extinct:
a. Syn. nonexistent; vanished; dead
(विलुप्त) no longer existing or living; vanished; dead
extinguish:
v.
(बुझाने) quench; put out, as a light or fire; cause to die out; put an end to; destroy
fabricate:
v. Syn. build
(निर्माण) build; put together out of components or parts
facet:
n. Syn. side
(पहलू) small, smooth, flat surface, as on a bone or tooth; side; a smooth surface
facilitate:
v. Syn. promote; expedite
(सुविधा) help bring about; make less difficult
feeble:
a. Syn. weak; frail
(कमजोर) lacking vigor, force, or effectiveness; faint; frail
flap:
n.
(प्रालंब) flat, usually thin piece attached at only one side; act of waving or fluttering; blow given with something flat; slap
fling:
v. Syn. discard
(लात) throw with force or recklessness; throw or cast away; move in an abrupt
fluctuate:
v. Syn. waver; shift
(उतार चढ़ाव) rise and fall in or as if in waves; shift; vary irregularly
flutter:
v.
(फ्लाईओवर) vibrate or move quickly; drive in disorder; throw into confusion; wave or flap rapidly in an irregular manner
foam:
n.
(स्पंदन फोम) white substance, consisting of an aggregation of bubbles, which is formed on the surface of liquids
foil:
v. Syn. hinder
(पन्नी) prevent from being successful
formidable:
a. Syn. menacing; threatening
(दुर्जेय) arousing fear; threatening; difficult to undertake or defeat
formulate:
v. Syn. policy; theory
(तैयार) decide upon and express in words
fort:
n. Syn. fortress; stronghold
(दुर्ग) a fortified defensive structure; permanent army post
fossil:
n. Syn. remnant
(जीवाश्म) remnant; remains of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age
foster:
v. Syn. rear
(पालक) rear; promote the growth of; help develop
foul:
n. Syn. disgusting; filthy
(बेईमानी) act that violates of the rules of a sport
fracture:
v. Syn. break; crack
(अस्थिभंग) break into pieces; crack; destroy; violate or abuse
fraud:
n.
(धोखाधड़ी) getting money by lying or cheating; something intended to deceive
fringe:
n. Syn. margin; periphery
(झब्बे) margin; periphery; decorative border of hanging threads, cords, or strips, often attached to a separate band
frustrate:
v. Syn. thwart; defeat
(हराना) make null; bring to nothing; prevent from taking effect or attaining fulfillment
galaxy:
n.
(आकाशगंगा) large, isolated system of stars, as the Milky Way; any collection of brilliant personalities
gaol:
n. Syn. jail
(जेल) place of confinement, especially for minor offenses or provisional imprisonment
garment:
n.
(परिधान) any article of clothing, as coat or gown
gear:
n.
(गियर) toothed machine part, such as a wheel or cylinder, to transmit motion or to change speed or direction
glide:
v. Syn. slide; slip
(सरकना) slide; move in a smooth, effortless manner
gloomy:
a. Syn. dusky; dim
(उदास) imperfectly illuminated; dusky; dim; clouded
gorgeous:
a. Syn. beautiful; magnificent
(भव्य) dazzlingly beautiful; magnificent
gossip:
n. Syn. rumor
(गपशप) rumor; malicious report about other people; light informal conversation for social occasions
graze:
v. Syn. feed
(तेल) scrape gently; feed on growing grasses and herbage
grease:
n.
(तेल) oil; fat; state of being covered with unclean things
grief:
n.
(दु: ख) pain of mind; mental suffering arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends; sorrow; sadness
grieve:
v.
(शोक) cause to be sorrowful; distress
grim:
a.
(गंभीर) unrelenting; rigid; dismal and gloomy; cold and forbidding
hamper:
v. Syn. obstruct
(बाधा) put at disadvantage; prevent progress or free movement of
hatch:
v. Syn. breed
(हैच) breed; emerge from the egg
haul:
v. Syn. transport; drag
(ढोना) draw slowly or heavily; pull or drag forcibly; shift direction
haunt:
v. Syn. torment; bother; disturb
(अड्डा) be a regular or frequent visitor to a certain place; bother; disturb
heal:
v. Syn. cure
(चंगा) cure; make or get healthy again
heave:
v. Syn. lift; raise; hoist; throw
(उत्तोलन) cause to move upward or onward by a lifting effort; lift; raise; hoist; throw
heir:
n. Syn. descendent; offspring
(वारिस) person who inherits some title or office
heritage:
n. Syn. legacy; bequest; tradition
(विरासत) legacy; something that is passed down from preceding generations; a tradition
hierarchy:
n. Syn. class; order
(पदानुक्रम) arrangement by rank or standing; series in which each element is graded or ranked
hinder:
v. Syn. stunt; inhibit; hamper; impede
(बाधा) put at a disadvantage; tie up; hamper; prevent the progress
hinge:
n.
(काज) a joint that holds two parts together so that one can swing relative to the other
hitherto:
ad.
(अब तक) to this place; to a prescribed limit; up to this time; as yet; until now
homogeneous:
a. Syn. uniform; similar
(सजातीय) of the same or similar nature or kind
hose:
n.
(नली) a flexible pipe for conveying a liquid or gas
hover:
v. Syn. float; waver; vacillate
(उड़ना) hang about; wait nearby; remain floating
humidity:
n. Syn. dampness; moisture
(आर्द्रता) dampness; moisture
hurl:
v. Syn. throw; cast; toss
(उछालना) throw with great force; cast; toss
hypothesis:
n. Syn. assumption; theory
(परिकल्पना) assumption; theory
hysterical:
a.
(उन्माद) marked by excessive or uncontrollable emotion; affected, or troubled, with fear or panic