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TOEIC Reading Vocabulary (1): Print Flashcard

acquisition
n. Syn. acquirement; attainment
(امتلاك) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something
adolescent
n.
(مراهقين) a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity;
adverse
a. Syn. unfavorable; hostile
(السلبية) in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose
aesthetic
a. Syn. artistic; elegant
(الجمالية) elegant or tasteful; of or concerning appreciation of beauty or good taste
affiliate
v. Syn. associate; incorporate
(انضم) associate; incorporate
afflict
v. Syn. plague; suffer; torment
(تصيب) cause pain, suffering or distress
aggravate
v. Syn. worsen; exacerbate
(تفاقم) worsen; make worse or more troublesome
agitation
n. Syn. anxiety; disturbance
(التحريض) anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance
alleviate
v. Syn. relieve; moderate; reduce
(تخفيف) provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part
amends
n.
(تعدل) compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation
anonymous
a. Syn. unknown; nameless
(المجهولين) having no name; having unknown or unacknowledged name
appraisal
n. Syn. assessment; evaluation
(التقييم الشاملان) assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
articulate
a. Syn. effective; distinct
(التعبير) expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language
ascertain
v. Syn. discover; insure
(التأكد) find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of
ascribe
v. Syn. refer; attribute; assign
(صقه) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality
assault
n. Syn. attack; onslaught
(الاعتداء) attack; onslaught
assert
v. Syn. declare
(تأكيد) declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly
asset
n. Syn. properties; advantage
(الأصول) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality
assimilate
v. Syn. absorb
(استيعاب) incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble
attorney
n. Syn. lawyer
(المحامي) lawyer; one who is appointed by another to act in his place or stead; proxy
augment
v. Syn. increase
(زيادة) make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity
authentic
a. Syn. genuine; real; valid; trustworthy
(حجية) not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy
avail
v. Syn. profit; promote
(جدوى) turn to advantage of; be of service to; profit; promote
avert
v. Syn. prevent
(القفص) prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away
baffle
v. Syn. frustrate; perplex
(إرباك) frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of
barren
a. Syn. desolate
(جرداء) desolate; fruitless and unproductive; lacking
batch
n.
(دفعة) quantity of bread baked at one time; a collection of things or persons to be handled together
bizarre
a. Syn. fantastic
(غريبة) fantastic; violently contrasting; strangely unconventional in style or appearance
bleak
a. Syn. cold; cheerless
(التجديف) cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable
blunder
n. Syn. error
(خطأ) serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion
blunt
a. Syn. insensitive
(حادة) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive
bonus
n.
(منحة) an extra dividend to the shareholders; money paid in addition to a stated compensation
brace
n.
(قوس) something which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly, as bandage, cord, or rod;
brittle
a.
(رجل يعذب هش) easily broken; having little elasticity
capsule
n. Syn. pill
(الأسير) small container; pill in form of small rounded gelatinous; shortened version of a written work
casualty
n.
(الضحايا) serious or fatal accident; someone injured or killed in an accident
ceramic
a.
(السيراميك) of or pertaining to pottery; relating to the art of making earthenware; as, ceramic products; ceramic ornaments for ceilings.
cereal
n.
(الحبوب) grass such as wheat, oats, or corn, the starchy grains of which are used as food.
commentary
n.
(التعليق) written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material
commitment
n.
(التزام) pledge, undertaking; act of binding yourself to a course of action
commute
v.
(سافر) obtain or bargain for exemption or substitution; travel regularly from a place of residence to another place
compatible
a. Syn. harmonious
(متوافق) harmonious; having similar disposition and tastes
competence
n.
(الاختصاصات) quality of being adequately or well qualified physically and intellectually
compile
v. Syn. assemble; gather; accumulate
(ترجمة) put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources
compulsory
a. Syn. mandatory; obligatory
(الإجباري) mandatory; obligatory; required by rule
concede
v. Syn. admit; yield
(حساب) admit; yield; give up physical control of another
conceive
v. Syn. design; consider
(تصور) form or develop in the mind; devise; become pregnant with; begin or originate in a specific way
concession
n.
(الغرور الحمل) act of yielding; point yielded; acknowledgment or admission
concise
a. Syn. succinct; terse
(تنازل) brief and compact; expressing much in few words
confer
v.
(منح) bestow; present; have a conference in order to talk something over
configuration
n.
(التكوين) arrangement of parts or elements; outline
conform
v.
(مطابقة) comply with; follow; fit; meet
confusion
n.
(ارتباك) mistake that results from taking one thing to be another; lack of clarity or order
consecutive
a. Syn. successive; sequential
(التوالى) following one after another without interruption; sequential
consensus
n. Syn. Agreement; accord
(الإجماع) general agreement or accord; opinion reached by a group as a whole
conserve
v. Syn. retain; preserve
(حفظ) retain; protect from loss or harm; preserve; use carefully or sparingly, avoiding waste
conspicuous
a. Syn. noticeable; prominent
(واضح) noticeable; prominent; easy to notice; obvious
constituent
n. Syn. component; element; ingredient
(التأسيسية) component or part; citizen, voter
constrain
v. Syn. restrain; confine
(تقييد) restrain; keep within close bounds; confine
consultant
n.
(مستشار) an expert who gives advice
contaminate
v. Syn. taint; pollute; defile
(تلوث) make impure or unclean by contact or mixture; pollute; defile
contemplate
v. Syn. ponder; meditate
(التأمل) look at attentively and thoughtfully; observe deep in thought
contempt
n. Syn. disgrace
(ازدراء) state of being despised or dishonored; disgrace; disobedience to, or open disrespect of
contend
v.
(يؤكدون) strive in opposition; contest; dispute; struggle for
contradict
v. Syn. confront; oppose
(يتنافى مع) confront; oppose
contrive
v.
(دبر) form by an exercise of ingenuity; devise; invent; design
controversial
a. Syn. controvertible; disputable
(الجدل) controvertible; disputable
controversy
n. Syn. contention; argument
(جدل) contentious speech act; argument
converge
v. Syn. approach
(تلتقي) approach; tend to meet; come together
convict
v.
(إدانة) find or declare guilty
cordial
a. Syn. gracious
(ودية) gracious; showing warm and friendliness
corps
n.
(كور) an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions; a body of people associated together
corrode
v.
(تآكل) destroy metal or alloy gradually, especially by chemical action; be eaten or worn away
corrupt
a. Syn. spoiled; tainted
(الفاسدة) changed from sound to putrid state; spoiled; tainted
costume
n. Syn. dress; attire
(مجوهرات) dress; attire; aset of clothes appropriate for a particular occasion or season
courtesy
n.
(مجاملة) polite behavior; act of civility or respect; consent or agreement in spite of fact
cripple
n. Syn. handicap; maim; disable
(تشل) person or animal that is partially disabled or unable to use a limb or limb
criterion
n.
(معيار) standard of judging; any approved or established rule or test
crucial
a.
(عامل هام) of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis; of the greatest importance
culminate
v.
(تتوج) reach the highest or most decisive point; rise to summit
cumulative
a.
(التراكمي) increasing by successive addition
curb
v.
(لحد) bend or curve; guide and manage, or restrain
curt
a.
(كيرت) having been shortened; effectively cut short; rudely brief or abrupt, as in speech or manner
cynical
a.
(ساخرة) skeptical of motives of others; selfishly calculating; negative or pessimistic
deficit
n. Syn. shortfall; shortage
(العجز) inadequacy or insufficiency; sum of money falls short of required amount; shortage
degenerate
v. Syn. deteriorate
(تتحول) become worse; decline; fall
deliberate
v. Syn. consider; ponder
(المتعمد) consider; think about carefully; weigh
denote
v. Syn. signify; indicate; show
(تحديد دلالة) indicate; signify directly; refer to specifically
denounce
v. Syn. condemn; criticize; announce
(تنسحب) condemn openly; criticize; make known in formal manner
depict
v. Syn. portray; describe
(تصوير) represent in a picture or sculpture; portray in words; describe
designate
v. Syn. nominate; assign; name
(المرغوب فيه) indicate or specify; point out; assign a name or title to
despise
v.
(مقفر يحتقر) dislike intensely; regard with contempt or scorn
deteriorate
v. Syn. decline
(تتدهور) become worse; decline
diffuse
v.
(نشر) spread out widely; scatter freely; pour out and cause to spread freely
dilemma
n. Syn. predicament
(مأزق) predicament; state of uncertainty or between equally unfavorable options
dilute
v. Syn. weaken; attenuate
(تمييع) weaken; make thinner or less concentrated by adding a liquid such as water
discern
v. Syn. detect; perceive
(تمييز) detect; perceive
discrepancy
n. Syn. difference
(التناقض) lack of consistency; difference
discrete
a. Syn. separate; distinct
(منفصلة) separate; consisting of unconnected distinct parts
disguise
n.
(تمويه) dress or exterior put on for purposes of concealment or of deception
dismay
v. Syn. discourage; frighten
(الفزع) destroy courage or resolution by exciting dread; cause to lose enthusiasm
dispatch
n. Syn. expedition; sending off
(إرسال) act of sending off something; property of being prompt and efficient; message usually sent in haste
disperse
v. Syn. scatter
(تفريق) move away from each other; cause to separate; cause to become widely known
disposition
n. Syn. temperament; nature; tendency
(التصرف) natural or acquired habit with tendency; act or means of getting rid of something
disrupt
v. Syn. upset; interrupt
(تفكيك) upset; throw into confusion or disorder
dissipate
v. Syn. waste; scatter
(تبديد) spend or expend wastefully; vanish by dispersion; drive away; disperse
distil
v.
(تقطير) drop; fall in drops; flow in a small stream
disturbance
n. Syn. disorder; turmoil
(اضطراب) disorder; turmoil; mental or emotional unbalance or disorder
divine
v.
(التنوع) perceive intuitively; foresee future; have nature of or being a deity
drastic
a. Syn. radical; severe
(جذرية) radical; taking effect violently or rapidly
dubious
a. Syn. questionable
(مشكوك فيها) questionable; filled with doubt
dwell
v. Syn. reside; inhabit
(يسكن) live as a resident; exist in a given place or state
eccentric
a. Syn. irregular; odd; whimsical; bizarre
(غريب الأطوار) departing from a recognized, conventional, or established norm or pattern
edible
a. Syn. eatable
(غذائية) eatable; substance that can be used as food
ego
n.
(غرور) self, especially as distinct from the world and other selves; exaggerated sense of self-importance
elicit
v. Syn. provoke
(الحصول) draw out; bring forth or to light; generate or provoke as response or answer
elite
n.
(النخبة) a group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual or social or economic status
eloquent
a. Syn. expressive; persuasive
(بليغة) vividly or movingly expressive; persuasive
embark
v. Syn. commence
(الشروع) commence; go on board a boat or airplane; begin a journey
empirical
a.
(التجريبية) derived from experiment and observation rather than theory
endow
v. Syn. grant; award
(منح) grant; award; give qualities or abilities to
enhance
v. Syn. increase; improve
(تعزيز) make better or more attractive; increase; improve
ensue
v. Syn. follow
(تترتب) pursue; follow or come afterward; follow as a consequence
entail
v. Syn. require; necessitate; involve
(يترتب) imply or require; cause to ensue or accrue; cut or carve in ornamental way
entity
n.
(كيان) real being; something that exists as a particular and discrete unit; fact of existence
entrepreneur
n. Syn. businessperson; enterprise
(منظم) person who organizes and operates a business; contractor
envisage
v.
(تصور) look in the face of; apprehend; consider or regard in a certain way
epoch
n. Syn. era
(الحقبة) particular period of history, especially one considered remarkable
equilibrium
n. Syn. balance
(التوازن) mental or emotional balance; state of balance of any causes, powers, or motives
erosion
n. Syn. corrosion
(تآكل) corrosion; a gradual decline of something
erroneous
a. Syn. mistaken; wrong
(الخاطئة) containing or derived from error; mistaken
escort
n.
(رسالة بولس الرسول مرافقة) one who conducts someone as attendant; guard; protection, care, or safeguard on a journey
essence
n.
(بنزين) most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience
ethics
n. Syn. morals; principles
(الأخلاق) morals; study of principles relating to right and wrong conduct.
ethnic
a. Syn. racial
(عرقية) relating to races; group of people sharing common racial, national, or religious heritage
evoke
v. Syn. bring out; arouse
(استحضار) bring out; arouse; call forth
exemplify
v. Syn. embody
(مثالا) serve as an example of; embody
exempt
a.
(اعفاء) not subject to duty or obligation; not subject to taxation
exotic
a. Syn. strange
(غريبة) from another part of the world; foreign; strikingly strange or unusual
expertise
n. Syn. skill
(الخبرات) specialized knowledge; expert skill
explicit
a. Syn. definite; outspoken
(صريحة) precisely and clearly expressed; definite; outspoken
exposition
n.
(المعرض) exhibition; part of a play that provides the background information; opening section of a fugue
exquisite
a. Syn. excellent; flawless
(رائعة) excellent; flawless; acutely perceptive or discriminating
extinct
a. Syn. nonexistent; vanished; dead
(منقرضة) no longer existing or living; vanished; dead
extinguish
v.
(اطفاء) quench; put out, as a light or fire; cause to die out; put an end to; destroy
fabricate
v. Syn. build
(افتعال) build; put together out of components or parts
facet
n. Syn. side
(الوجه) small, smooth, flat surface, as on a bone or tooth; side; a smooth surface
facilitate
v. Syn. promote; expedite
(طريف تيسير) help bring about; make less difficult
feeble
a. Syn. weak; frail
(ضعيف) lacking vigor, force, or effectiveness; faint; frail
flap
n.
(رفرف) flat, usually thin piece attached at only one side; act of waving or fluttering; blow given with something flat; slap
fling
v. Syn. discard
(قذف) throw with force or recklessness; throw or cast away; move in an abrupt
fluctuate
v. Syn. waver; shift
(تتقلب) rise and fall in or as if in waves; shift; vary irregularly
flutter
v.
(فلوش رفرفة) vibrate or move quickly; drive in disorder; throw into confusion; wave or flap rapidly in an irregular manner
foam
n.
(الرغوة) white substance, consisting of an aggregation of bubbles, which is formed on the surface of liquids
foil
v. Syn. hinder
(احباط) prevent from being successful
formidable
a. Syn. menacing; threatening
(هائلة) arousing fear; threatening; difficult to undertake or defeat
formulate
v. Syn. policy; theory
(صياغة) decide upon and express in words
fort
n. Syn. fortress; stronghold
(فورت) a fortified defensive structure; permanent army post
fossil
n. Syn. remnant
(المتحجرة) remnant; remains of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age
foster
v. Syn. rear
(تعزيز) rear; promote the growth of; help develop
foul
n. Syn. disgusting; filthy
(خطأ) act that violates of the rules of a sport
fracture
v. Syn. break; crack
(كسر) break into pieces; crack; destroy; violate or abuse
fraud
n.
(الاحتيال) getting money by lying or cheating; something intended to deceive
fringe
n. Syn. margin; periphery
(الخمسه) margin; periphery; decorative border of hanging threads, cords, or strips, often attached to a separate band
frustrate
v. Syn. thwart; defeat
(إحباط) make null; bring to nothing; prevent from taking effect or attaining fulfillment
galaxy
n.
(المجرة) large, isolated system of stars, as the Milky Way; any collection of brilliant personalities
gaol
n. Syn. jail
(سجن) place of confinement, especially for minor offenses or provisional imprisonment
garment
n.
(الملابس) any article of clothing, as coat or gown
gear
n.
(جير) toothed machine part, such as a wheel or cylinder, to transmit motion or to change speed or direction
glide
v. Syn. slide; slip
(الإنزلاق) slide; move in a smooth, effortless manner
gloomy
a. Syn. dusky; dim
(الكريم) imperfectly illuminated; dusky; dim; clouded
gorgeous
a. Syn. beautiful; magnificent
(رائع) dazzlingly beautiful; magnificent
gossip
n. Syn. rumor
(القيل والقال) rumor; malicious report about other people; light informal conversation for social occasions
graze
v. Syn. feed
(رعي) scrape gently; feed on growing grasses and herbage
grease
n.
(شحم) oil; fat; state of being covered with unclean things
grief
n.
(الحزن) pain of mind; mental suffering arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends; sorrow; sadness
grieve
v.
(تحزن) cause to be sorrowful; distress
grim
a.
(قاتمة) unrelenting; rigid; dismal and gloomy; cold and forbidding
hamper
v. Syn. obstruct
(يعوق) put at disadvantage; prevent progress or free movement of
hatch
v. Syn. breed
(هاتش) breed; emerge from the egg
haul
v. Syn. transport; drag
(مسافات) draw slowly or heavily; pull or drag forcibly; shift direction
haunt
v. Syn. torment; bother; disturb
(تطارد) be a regular or frequent visitor to a certain place; bother; disturb
heal
v. Syn. cure
(شفاء) cure; make or get healthy again
heave
v. Syn. lift; raise; hoist; throw
(المحمومة) cause to move upward or onward by a lifting effort; lift; raise; hoist; throw
heir
n. Syn. descendent; offspring
(ريث) person who inherits some title or office
heritage
n. Syn. legacy; bequest; tradition
(التراث) legacy; something that is passed down from preceding generations; a tradition
hierarchy
n. Syn. class; order
(هرم) arrangement by rank or standing; series in which each element is graded or ranked
hinder
v. Syn. stunt; inhibit; hamper; impede
(تعوق) put at a disadvantage; tie up; hamper; prevent the progress
hinge
n.
(يتوقف) a joint that holds two parts together so that one can swing relative to the other
hitherto
ad.
(حتى الآن) to this place; to a prescribed limit; up to this time; as yet; until now
homogeneous
a. Syn. uniform; similar
(متجانسة) of the same or similar nature or kind
hose
n.
(الخرطوم) a flexible pipe for conveying a liquid or gas
hover
v. Syn. float; waver; vacillate
(تحوم) hang about; wait nearby; remain floating
humidity
n. Syn. dampness; moisture
(الرطوبة) dampness; moisture
hurl
v. Syn. throw; cast; toss
(القاء) throw with great force; cast; toss
hypothesis
n. Syn. assumption; theory
(فرضية) assumption; theory
hysterical
a.
(ايديال) marked by excessive or uncontrollable emotion; affected, or troubled, with fear or panic