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TOEIC Reading Vocabulary (1): Print Flashcard

acquisition
n. Syn. acquirement; attainment
(अधिग्रहण) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something
adolescent
n.
(किशोर) a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity;
adverse
a. Syn. unfavorable; hostile
(प्रतिकूल) in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose
aesthetic
a. Syn. artistic; elegant
(सौंदर्य) elegant or tasteful; of or concerning appreciation of beauty or good taste
affiliate
v. Syn. associate; incorporate
(सहबद्ध) associate; incorporate
afflict
v. Syn. plague; suffer; torment
(दु: ख) cause pain, suffering or distress
aggravate
v. Syn. worsen; exacerbate
(बढ़) worsen; make worse or more troublesome
agitation
n. Syn. anxiety; disturbance
(आंदोलन) anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance
alleviate
v. Syn. relieve; moderate; reduce
(कम) provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part
amends
n.
(क्षतिपूर्ति) compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation
anonymous
a. Syn. unknown; nameless
(अनामक) having no name; having unknown or unacknowledged name
appraisal
n. Syn. assessment; evaluation
(मूल्यांकन) assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
articulate
a. Syn. effective; distinct
(मुखर) expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language
ascertain
v. Syn. discover; insure
(पता लगाना) find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of
ascribe
v. Syn. refer; attribute; assign
(मानो) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality
assault
n. Syn. attack; onslaught
(हमला) attack; onslaught
assert
v. Syn. declare
(जोर) declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly
asset
n. Syn. properties; advantage
(संपत्ति) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality
assimilate
v. Syn. absorb
(आत्मसात) incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble
attorney
n. Syn. lawyer
(वकील) lawyer; one who is appointed by another to act in his place or stead; proxy
augment
v. Syn. increase
(बढ़ाने) make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity
authentic
a. Syn. genuine; real; valid; trustworthy
(प्रामाणिक) not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy
avail
v. Syn. profit; promote
(लाभ) turn to advantage of; be of service to; profit; promote
avert
v. Syn. prevent
(एवियरी) prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away
baffle
v. Syn. frustrate; perplex
(भ्रमित) frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of
barren
a. Syn. desolate
(बंजर) desolate; fruitless and unproductive; lacking
batch
n.
(बैच) quantity of bread baked at one time; a collection of things or persons to be handled together
bizarre
a. Syn. fantastic
(विचित्र) fantastic; violently contrasting; strangely unconventional in style or appearance
bleak
a. Syn. cold; cheerless
(अंधकारमय) cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable
blunder
n. Syn. error
(गलती) serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion
blunt
a. Syn. insensitive
(अभिशप्त कुंद) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive
bonus
n.
(बोनस) an extra dividend to the shareholders; money paid in addition to a stated compensation
brace
n.
(ब्रेस) something which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly, as bandage, cord, or rod;
brittle
a.
(सीख) easily broken; having little elasticity
capsule
n. Syn. pill
(कैप्सूल) small container; pill in form of small rounded gelatinous; shortened version of a written work
casualty
n.
(हताहत) serious or fatal accident; someone injured or killed in an accident
ceramic
a.
(सिरेमिक) of or pertaining to pottery; relating to the art of making earthenware; as, ceramic products; ceramic ornaments for ceilings.
cereal
n.
(अनाज) grass such as wheat, oats, or corn, the starchy grains of which are used as food.
commentary
n.
(टीका) written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material
commitment
n.
(प्रतिबद्धता) pledge, undertaking; act of binding yourself to a course of action
commute
v.
(पहनना) obtain or bargain for exemption or substitution; travel regularly from a place of residence to another place
compatible
a. Syn. harmonious
(संगत) harmonious; having similar disposition and tastes
competence
n.
(क्षमता) quality of being adequately or well qualified physically and intellectually
compile
v. Syn. assemble; gather; accumulate
(संकलन) put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources
compulsory
a. Syn. mandatory; obligatory
(अनिवार्य) mandatory; obligatory; required by rule
concede
v. Syn. admit; yield
(मानते हैं) admit; yield; give up physical control of another
conceive
v. Syn. design; consider
(गर्भ धारण) form or develop in the mind; devise; become pregnant with; begin or originate in a specific way
concession
n.
(रियायत) act of yielding; point yielded; acknowledgment or admission
concise
a. Syn. succinct; terse
(संक्षिप्त) brief and compact; expressing much in few words
confer
v.
(प्रदान) bestow; present; have a conference in order to talk something over
configuration
n.
(विन्यास) arrangement of parts or elements; outline
conform
v.
(अनुरूप) comply with; follow; fit; meet
confusion
n.
(भ्रम) mistake that results from taking one thing to be another; lack of clarity or order
consecutive
a. Syn. successive; sequential
(लगातार) following one after another without interruption; sequential
consensus
n. Syn. Agreement; accord
(सर्वसम्मति) general agreement or accord; opinion reached by a group as a whole
conserve
v. Syn. retain; preserve
(संरक्षण) retain; protect from loss or harm; preserve; use carefully or sparingly, avoiding waste
conspicuous
a. Syn. noticeable; prominent
(विशिष्ट) noticeable; prominent; easy to notice; obvious
constituent
n. Syn. component; element; ingredient
(घटक) component or part; citizen, voter
constrain
v. Syn. restrain; confine
(विवश) restrain; keep within close bounds; confine
consultant
n.
(सलाहकार) an expert who gives advice
contaminate
v. Syn. taint; pollute; defile
(दूषित) make impure or unclean by contact or mixture; pollute; defile
contemplate
v. Syn. ponder; meditate
(विचार) look at attentively and thoughtfully; observe deep in thought
contempt
n. Syn. disgrace
(अवमानना) state of being despised or dishonored; disgrace; disobedience to, or open disrespect of
contend
v.
(संघर्ष) strive in opposition; contest; dispute; struggle for
contradict
v. Syn. confront; oppose
(खंडन) confront; oppose
contrive
v.
(ईजाद) form by an exercise of ingenuity; devise; invent; design
controversial
a. Syn. controvertible; disputable
(विवादास्पद) controvertible; disputable
controversy
n. Syn. contention; argument
(विवाद) contentious speech act; argument
converge
v. Syn. approach
(एकाग्र) approach; tend to meet; come together
convict
v.
(अपराधी) find or declare guilty
cordial
a. Syn. gracious
(प्रचुर सौहार्दपूर्ण) gracious; showing warm and friendliness
corps
n.
(वाहिनी) an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions; a body of people associated together
corrode
v.
(संक्षारक) destroy metal or alloy gradually, especially by chemical action; be eaten or worn away
corrupt
a. Syn. spoiled; tainted
(भ्रष्ट) changed from sound to putrid state; spoiled; tainted
costume
n. Syn. dress; attire
(पोशाक) dress; attire; aset of clothes appropriate for a particular occasion or season
courtesy
n.
(शिष्टाचार) polite behavior; act of civility or respect; consent or agreement in spite of fact
cripple
n. Syn. handicap; maim; disable
(अपंग) person or animal that is partially disabled or unable to use a limb or limb
criterion
n.
(मापदंड) standard of judging; any approved or established rule or test
crucial
a.
(महत्वपूर्ण) of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis; of the greatest importance
culminate
v.
(पुलिया) reach the highest or most decisive point; rise to summit
cumulative
a.
(संचयी) increasing by successive addition
curb
v.
(रोकने) bend or curve; guide and manage, or restrain
curt
a.
(रूखा) having been shortened; effectively cut short; rudely brief or abrupt, as in speech or manner
cynical
a.
(निंदक) skeptical of motives of others; selfishly calculating; negative or pessimistic
deficit
n. Syn. shortfall; shortage
(घाटा) inadequacy or insufficiency; sum of money falls short of required amount; shortage
degenerate
v. Syn. deteriorate
(पतित) become worse; decline; fall
deliberate
v. Syn. consider; ponder
(जानबूझकर) consider; think about carefully; weigh
denote
v. Syn. signify; indicate; show
(निरूपित) indicate; signify directly; refer to specifically
denounce
v. Syn. condemn; criticize; announce
(निंदा) condemn openly; criticize; make known in formal manner
depict
v. Syn. portray; describe
(दर्शाती) represent in a picture or sculpture; portray in words; describe
designate
v. Syn. nominate; assign; name
(नामित) indicate or specify; point out; assign a name or title to
despise
v.
(तिरस्कार) dislike intensely; regard with contempt or scorn
deteriorate
v. Syn. decline
(खराब) become worse; decline
diffuse
v.
(फैलाना) spread out widely; scatter freely; pour out and cause to spread freely
dilemma
n. Syn. predicament
(दुविधा) predicament; state of uncertainty or between equally unfavorable options
dilute
v. Syn. weaken; attenuate
(पतला) weaken; make thinner or less concentrated by adding a liquid such as water
discern
v. Syn. detect; perceive
(देख लेना) detect; perceive
discrepancy
n. Syn. difference
(विसंगति) lack of consistency; difference
discrete
a. Syn. separate; distinct
(असतत) separate; consisting of unconnected distinct parts
disguise
n.
(भेस) dress or exterior put on for purposes of concealment or of deception
dismay
v. Syn. discourage; frighten
(निराशा) destroy courage or resolution by exciting dread; cause to lose enthusiasm
dispatch
n. Syn. expedition; sending off
(प्रेषण) act of sending off something; property of being prompt and efficient; message usually sent in haste
disperse
v. Syn. scatter
(फैलाने) move away from each other; cause to separate; cause to become widely known
disposition
n. Syn. temperament; nature; tendency
(स्वभाव) natural or acquired habit with tendency; act or means of getting rid of something
disrupt
v. Syn. upset; interrupt
(बाधित) upset; throw into confusion or disorder
dissipate
v. Syn. waste; scatter
(फैलने) spend or expend wastefully; vanish by dispersion; drive away; disperse
distil
v.
(स्वच्छ) drop; fall in drops; flow in a small stream
disturbance
n. Syn. disorder; turmoil
(अशांति) disorder; turmoil; mental or emotional unbalance or disorder
divine
v.
(प्रकट करना) perceive intuitively; foresee future; have nature of or being a deity
drastic
a. Syn. radical; severe
(कठोर) radical; taking effect violently or rapidly
dubious
a. Syn. questionable
(संदिग्ध) questionable; filled with doubt
dwell
v. Syn. reside; inhabit
(ध्यान केन्द्रित करना) live as a resident; exist in a given place or state
eccentric
a. Syn. irregular; odd; whimsical; bizarre
(विलक्षण) departing from a recognized, conventional, or established norm or pattern
edible
a. Syn. eatable
(खाद्य) eatable; substance that can be used as food
ego
n.
(अहंकार) self, especially as distinct from the world and other selves; exaggerated sense of self-importance
elicit
v. Syn. provoke
(अमृत) draw out; bring forth or to light; generate or provoke as response or answer
elite
n.
(कुलीन) a group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual or social or economic status
eloquent
a. Syn. expressive; persuasive
(सुवक्ता) vividly or movingly expressive; persuasive
embark
v. Syn. commence
(लगना) commence; go on board a boat or airplane; begin a journey
empirical
a.
(अनुभवजन्य) derived from experiment and observation rather than theory
endow
v. Syn. grant; award
(वृत्तिदान) grant; award; give qualities or abilities to
enhance
v. Syn. increase; improve
(बढ़ाने) make better or more attractive; increase; improve
ensue
v. Syn. follow
(पीछा करना) pursue; follow or come afterward; follow as a consequence
entail
v. Syn. require; necessitate; involve
(पड़ेगा) imply or require; cause to ensue or accrue; cut or carve in ornamental way
entity
n.
(इकाई) real being; something that exists as a particular and discrete unit; fact of existence
entrepreneur
n. Syn. businessperson; enterprise
(उद्यमी) person who organizes and operates a business; contractor
envisage
v.
(कल्पना) look in the face of; apprehend; consider or regard in a certain way
epoch
n. Syn. era
(युग) particular period of history, especially one considered remarkable
equilibrium
n. Syn. balance
(संतुलन) mental or emotional balance; state of balance of any causes, powers, or motives
erosion
n. Syn. corrosion
(कटाव) corrosion; a gradual decline of something
erroneous
a. Syn. mistaken; wrong
(गलत) containing or derived from error; mistaken
escort
n.
(अनुरक्षण) one who conducts someone as attendant; guard; protection, care, or safeguard on a journey
essence
n.
(सार) most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience
ethics
n. Syn. morals; principles
(नैतिकता) morals; study of principles relating to right and wrong conduct.
ethnic
a. Syn. racial
(जातीय) relating to races; group of people sharing common racial, national, or religious heritage
evoke
v. Syn. bring out; arouse
(आह्वान) bring out; arouse; call forth
exemplify
v. Syn. embody
(उदाहरण देना) serve as an example of; embody
exempt
a.
(मुक्त) not subject to duty or obligation; not subject to taxation
exotic
a. Syn. strange
(विदेशी) from another part of the world; foreign; strikingly strange or unusual
expertise
n. Syn. skill
(विशेषज्ञता) specialized knowledge; expert skill
explicit
a. Syn. definite; outspoken
(स्पष्ट) precisely and clearly expressed; definite; outspoken
exposition
n.
(प्रदर्शनी) exhibition; part of a play that provides the background information; opening section of a fugue
exquisite
a. Syn. excellent; flawless
(उत्तम) excellent; flawless; acutely perceptive or discriminating
extinct
a. Syn. nonexistent; vanished; dead
(विलुप्त) no longer existing or living; vanished; dead
extinguish
v.
(बुझाने) quench; put out, as a light or fire; cause to die out; put an end to; destroy
fabricate
v. Syn. build
(निर्माण) build; put together out of components or parts
facet
n. Syn. side
(पहलू) small, smooth, flat surface, as on a bone or tooth; side; a smooth surface
facilitate
v. Syn. promote; expedite
(सुविधा) help bring about; make less difficult
feeble
a. Syn. weak; frail
(कमजोर) lacking vigor, force, or effectiveness; faint; frail
flap
n.
(प्रालंब) flat, usually thin piece attached at only one side; act of waving or fluttering; blow given with something flat; slap
fling
v. Syn. discard
(लात) throw with force or recklessness; throw or cast away; move in an abrupt
fluctuate
v. Syn. waver; shift
(उतार चढ़ाव) rise and fall in or as if in waves; shift; vary irregularly
flutter
v.
(फ्लाईओवर) vibrate or move quickly; drive in disorder; throw into confusion; wave or flap rapidly in an irregular manner
foam
n.
(स्पंदन फोम) white substance, consisting of an aggregation of bubbles, which is formed on the surface of liquids
foil
v. Syn. hinder
(पन्नी) prevent from being successful
formidable
a. Syn. menacing; threatening
(दुर्जेय) arousing fear; threatening; difficult to undertake or defeat
formulate
v. Syn. policy; theory
(तैयार) decide upon and express in words
fort
n. Syn. fortress; stronghold
(दुर्ग) a fortified defensive structure; permanent army post
fossil
n. Syn. remnant
(जीवाश्म) remnant; remains of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age
foster
v. Syn. rear
(पालक) rear; promote the growth of; help develop
foul
n. Syn. disgusting; filthy
(बेईमानी) act that violates of the rules of a sport
fracture
v. Syn. break; crack
(अस्थिभंग) break into pieces; crack; destroy; violate or abuse
fraud
n.
(धोखाधड़ी) getting money by lying or cheating; something intended to deceive
fringe
n. Syn. margin; periphery
(झब्बे) margin; periphery; decorative border of hanging threads, cords, or strips, often attached to a separate band
frustrate
v. Syn. thwart; defeat
(हराना) make null; bring to nothing; prevent from taking effect or attaining fulfillment
galaxy
n.
(आकाशगंगा) large, isolated system of stars, as the Milky Way; any collection of brilliant personalities
gaol
n. Syn. jail
(जेल) place of confinement, especially for minor offenses or provisional imprisonment
garment
n.
(परिधान) any article of clothing, as coat or gown
gear
n.
(गियर) toothed machine part, such as a wheel or cylinder, to transmit motion or to change speed or direction
glide
v. Syn. slide; slip
(सरकना) slide; move in a smooth, effortless manner
gloomy
a. Syn. dusky; dim
(उदास) imperfectly illuminated; dusky; dim; clouded
gorgeous
a. Syn. beautiful; magnificent
(भव्य) dazzlingly beautiful; magnificent
gossip
n. Syn. rumor
(गपशप) rumor; malicious report about other people; light informal conversation for social occasions
graze
v. Syn. feed
(तेल) scrape gently; feed on growing grasses and herbage
grease
n.
(तेल) oil; fat; state of being covered with unclean things
grief
n.
(दु: ख) pain of mind; mental suffering arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends; sorrow; sadness
grieve
v.
(शोक) cause to be sorrowful; distress
grim
a.
(गंभीर) unrelenting; rigid; dismal and gloomy; cold and forbidding
hamper
v. Syn. obstruct
(बाधा) put at disadvantage; prevent progress or free movement of
hatch
v. Syn. breed
(हैच) breed; emerge from the egg
haul
v. Syn. transport; drag
(ढोना) draw slowly or heavily; pull or drag forcibly; shift direction
haunt
v. Syn. torment; bother; disturb
(अड्डा) be a regular or frequent visitor to a certain place; bother; disturb
heal
v. Syn. cure
(चंगा) cure; make or get healthy again
heave
v. Syn. lift; raise; hoist; throw
(उत्तोलन) cause to move upward or onward by a lifting effort; lift; raise; hoist; throw
heir
n. Syn. descendent; offspring
(वारिस) person who inherits some title or office
heritage
n. Syn. legacy; bequest; tradition
(विरासत) legacy; something that is passed down from preceding generations; a tradition
hierarchy
n. Syn. class; order
(पदानुक्रम) arrangement by rank or standing; series in which each element is graded or ranked
hinder
v. Syn. stunt; inhibit; hamper; impede
(बाधा) put at a disadvantage; tie up; hamper; prevent the progress
hinge
n.
(काज) a joint that holds two parts together so that one can swing relative to the other
hitherto
ad.
(अब तक) to this place; to a prescribed limit; up to this time; as yet; until now
homogeneous
a. Syn. uniform; similar
(सजातीय) of the same or similar nature or kind
hose
n.
(नली) a flexible pipe for conveying a liquid or gas
hover
v. Syn. float; waver; vacillate
(उड़ना) hang about; wait nearby; remain floating
humidity
n. Syn. dampness; moisture
(आर्द्रता) dampness; moisture
hurl
v. Syn. throw; cast; toss
(उछालना) throw with great force; cast; toss
hypothesis
n. Syn. assumption; theory
(परिकल्पना) assumption; theory
hysterical
a.
(उन्माद) marked by excessive or uncontrollable emotion; affected, or troubled, with fear or panic