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TOEIC Reading Vocabulary (1): Print Flashcard

acquisition
n. Syn. acquirement; attainment
(知らせる被告アクティブ) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something
adolescent
n.
(緋色) a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity;
adverse
a. Syn. unfavorable; hostile
(不利な) in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose
aesthetic
a. Syn. artistic; elegant
(審美) elegant or tasteful; of or concerning appreciation of beauty or good taste
affiliate
v. Syn. associate; incorporate
(アフィリエイト) associate; incorporate
afflict
v. Syn. plague; suffer; torment
(苦しめる) cause pain, suffering or distress
aggravate
v. Syn. worsen; exacerbate
(悪化) worsen; make worse or more troublesome
agitation
n. Syn. anxiety; disturbance
(攪拌) anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance
alleviate
v. Syn. relieve; moderate; reduce
(緩和) provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part
amends
n.
(補償) compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation
anonymous
a. Syn. unknown; nameless
(匿名) having no name; having unknown or unacknowledged name
appraisal
n. Syn. assessment; evaluation
(鑑定評価) assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
articulate
a. Syn. effective; distinct
(明確) expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language
ascertain
v. Syn. discover; insure
(確かめる) find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of
ascribe
v. Syn. refer; attribute; assign
(せい) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality
assault
n. Syn. attack; onslaught
(暴行) attack; onslaught
assert
v. Syn. declare
(主張) declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly
asset
n. Syn. properties; advantage
(資産) properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality
assimilate
v. Syn. absorb
(同化) incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble
attorney
n. Syn. lawyer
(弁護士) lawyer; one who is appointed by another to act in his place or stead; proxy
augment
v. Syn. increase
(強化) make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity
authentic
a. Syn. genuine; real; valid; trustworthy
(本格的) not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy
avail
v. Syn. profit; promote
(解剖) turn to advantage of; be of service to; profit; promote
avert
v. Syn. prevent
(回避) prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away
baffle
v. Syn. frustrate; perplex
(バッフル) frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of
barren
a. Syn. desolate
(不毛) desolate; fruitless and unproductive; lacking
batch
n.
(バッチ) quantity of bread baked at one time; a collection of things or persons to be handled together
bizarre
a. Syn. fantastic
(奇妙) fantastic; violently contrasting; strangely unconventional in style or appearance
bleak
a. Syn. cold; cheerless
(暗い) cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable
blunder
n. Syn. error
(失策) serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion
blunt
a. Syn. insensitive
(鈍) having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive
bonus
n.
(ボーナス) an extra dividend to the shareholders; money paid in addition to a stated compensation
brace
n.
(括弧) something which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly, as bandage, cord, or rod;
brittle
a.
(脆性) easily broken; having little elasticity
capsule
n. Syn. pill
(カプセル) small container; pill in form of small rounded gelatinous; shortened version of a written work
casualty
n.
(保険) serious or fatal accident; someone injured or killed in an accident
ceramic
a.
(セラミック) of or pertaining to pottery; relating to the art of making earthenware; as, ceramic products; ceramic ornaments for ceilings.
cereal
n.
(穀物) grass such as wheat, oats, or corn, the starchy grains of which are used as food.
commentary
n.
(解説) written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material
commitment
n.
(コミットメント) pledge, undertaking; act of binding yourself to a course of action
commute
v.
(通勤) obtain or bargain for exemption or substitution; travel regularly from a place of residence to another place
compatible
a. Syn. harmonious
(互換性) harmonious; having similar disposition and tastes
competence
n.
(競争) quality of being adequately or well qualified physically and intellectually
compile
v. Syn. assemble; gather; accumulate
(コンパイル) put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources
compulsory
a. Syn. mandatory; obligatory
(強制) mandatory; obligatory; required by rule
concede
v. Syn. admit; yield
(譲歩) admit; yield; give up physical control of another
conceive
v. Syn. design; consider
(妊娠) form or develop in the mind; devise; become pregnant with; begin or originate in a specific way
concession
n.
(譲歩) act of yielding; point yielded; acknowledgment or admission
concise
a. Syn. succinct; terse
(簡潔) brief and compact; expressing much in few words
confer
v.
(相談) bestow; present; have a conference in order to talk something over
configuration
n.
(構成) arrangement of parts or elements; outline
conform
v.
(適合) comply with; follow; fit; meet
confusion
n.
(混乱) mistake that results from taking one thing to be another; lack of clarity or order
consecutive
a. Syn. successive; sequential
(連続) following one after another without interruption; sequential
consensus
n. Syn. Agreement; accord
(コンセンサス) general agreement or accord; opinion reached by a group as a whole
conserve
v. Syn. retain; preserve
(節約) retain; protect from loss or harm; preserve; use carefully or sparingly, avoiding waste
conspicuous
a. Syn. noticeable; prominent
(目立つ) noticeable; prominent; easy to notice; obvious
constituent
n. Syn. component; element; ingredient
(構成) component or part; citizen, voter
constrain
v. Syn. restrain; confine
(制約コンコード) restrain; keep within close bounds; confine
consultant
n.
(コンサルタント) an expert who gives advice
contaminate
v. Syn. taint; pollute; defile
(汚染する) make impure or unclean by contact or mixture; pollute; defile
contemplate
v. Syn. ponder; meditate
(考える) look at attentively and thoughtfully; observe deep in thought
contempt
n. Syn. disgrace
(軽蔑) state of being despised or dishonored; disgrace; disobedience to, or open disrespect of
contend
v.
(主張) strive in opposition; contest; dispute; struggle for
contradict
v. Syn. confront; oppose
(矛盾) confront; oppose
contrive
v.
(たくらむ) form by an exercise of ingenuity; devise; invent; design
controversial
a. Syn. controvertible; disputable
(論争) controvertible; disputable
controversy
n. Syn. contention; argument
(論争) contentious speech act; argument
converge
v. Syn. approach
(収束) approach; tend to meet; come together
convict
v.
(受刑者) find or declare guilty
cordial
a. Syn. gracious
(誠心) gracious; showing warm and friendliness
corps
n.
(隊) an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions; a body of people associated together
corrode
v.
(腐食) destroy metal or alloy gradually, especially by chemical action; be eaten or worn away
corrupt
a. Syn. spoiled; tainted
(破損) changed from sound to putrid state; spoiled; tainted
costume
n. Syn. dress; attire
(衣装) dress; attire; aset of clothes appropriate for a particular occasion or season
courtesy
n.
(礼儀) polite behavior; act of civility or respect; consent or agreement in spite of fact
cripple
n. Syn. handicap; maim; disable
(肢体不自由) person or animal that is partially disabled or unable to use a limb or limb
criterion
n.
(重要) standard of judging; any approved or established rule or test
crucial
a.
(原油) of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis; of the greatest importance
culminate
v.
(絶頂) reach the highest or most decisive point; rise to summit
cumulative
a.
(累積) increasing by successive addition
curb
v.
(抑制) bend or curve; guide and manage, or restrain
curt
a.
(素っ気ない) having been shortened; effectively cut short; rudely brief or abrupt, as in speech or manner
cynical
a.
(シニカルな) skeptical of motives of others; selfishly calculating; negative or pessimistic
deficit
n. Syn. shortfall; shortage
(赤字) inadequacy or insufficiency; sum of money falls short of required amount; shortage
degenerate
v. Syn. deteriorate
(縮退) become worse; decline; fall
deliberate
v. Syn. consider; ponder
(故意) consider; think about carefully; weigh
denote
v. Syn. signify; indicate; show
(示す) indicate; signify directly; refer to specifically
denounce
v. Syn. condemn; criticize; announce
(非難) condemn openly; criticize; make known in formal manner
depict
v. Syn. portray; describe
(描写) represent in a picture or sculpture; portray in words; describe
designate
v. Syn. nominate; assign; name
(内定) indicate or specify; point out; assign a name or title to
despise
v.
(軽蔑) dislike intensely; regard with contempt or scorn
deteriorate
v. Syn. decline
(悪化) become worse; decline
diffuse
v.
(拡散をぶち) spread out widely; scatter freely; pour out and cause to spread freely
dilemma
n. Syn. predicament
(ジレンマ) predicament; state of uncertainty or between equally unfavorable options
dilute
v. Syn. weaken; attenuate
(希) weaken; make thinner or less concentrated by adding a liquid such as water
discern
v. Syn. detect; perceive
(識別) detect; perceive
discrepancy
n. Syn. difference
(不整合) lack of consistency; difference
discrete
a. Syn. separate; distinct
(ディスクリート) separate; consisting of unconnected distinct parts
disguise
n.
(変装) dress or exterior put on for purposes of concealment or of deception
dismay
v. Syn. discourage; frighten
(狼狽は) destroy courage or resolution by exciting dread; cause to lose enthusiasm
dispatch
n. Syn. expedition; sending off
(派遣) act of sending off something; property of being prompt and efficient; message usually sent in haste
disperse
v. Syn. scatter
(モバイル) move away from each other; cause to separate; cause to become widely known
disposition
n. Syn. temperament; nature; tendency
(処分) natural or acquired habit with tendency; act or means of getting rid of something
disrupt
v. Syn. upset; interrupt
(中断) upset; throw into confusion or disorder
dissipate
v. Syn. waste; scatter
(消費) spend or expend wastefully; vanish by dispersion; drive away; disperse
distil
v.
(醸す) drop; fall in drops; flow in a small stream
disturbance
n. Syn. disorder; turmoil
(障害) disorder; turmoil; mental or emotional unbalance or disorder
divine
v.
(神) perceive intuitively; foresee future; have nature of or being a deity
drastic
a. Syn. radical; severe
(抜本) radical; taking effect violently or rapidly
dubious
a. Syn. questionable
(怪しげ) questionable; filled with doubt
dwell
v. Syn. reside; inhabit
(住む) live as a resident; exist in a given place or state
eccentric
a. Syn. irregular; odd; whimsical; bizarre
(偏心) departing from a recognized, conventional, or established norm or pattern
edible
a. Syn. eatable
(食用) eatable; substance that can be used as food
ego
n.
(自我) self, especially as distinct from the world and other selves; exaggerated sense of self-importance
elicit
v. Syn. provoke
(引き出す) draw out; bring forth or to light; generate or provoke as response or answer
elite
n.
(エリート) a group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual or social or economic status
eloquent
a. Syn. expressive; persuasive
(雄弁) vividly or movingly expressive; persuasive
embark
v. Syn. commence
(禁止し) commence; go on board a boat or airplane; begin a journey
empirical
a.
(実証) derived from experiment and observation rather than theory
endow
v. Syn. grant; award
(与える) grant; award; give qualities or abilities to
enhance
v. Syn. increase; improve
(強化) make better or more attractive; increase; improve
ensue
v. Syn. follow
(結果として起きる) pursue; follow or come afterward; follow as a consequence
entail
v. Syn. require; necessitate; involve
(暗黙) imply or require; cause to ensue or accrue; cut or carve in ornamental way
entity
n.
(実体) real being; something that exists as a particular and discrete unit; fact of existence
entrepreneur
n. Syn. businessperson; enterprise
(起業家) person who organizes and operates a business; contractor
envisage
v.
(心に描く) look in the face of; apprehend; consider or regard in a certain way
epoch
n. Syn. era
(エポック) particular period of history, especially one considered remarkable
equilibrium
n. Syn. balance
(平衡) mental or emotional balance; state of balance of any causes, powers, or motives
erosion
n. Syn. corrosion
(侵食) corrosion; a gradual decline of something
erroneous
a. Syn. mistaken; wrong
(誤) containing or derived from error; mistaken
escort
n.
(護衛艦) one who conducts someone as attendant; guard; protection, care, or safeguard on a journey
essence
n.
(本質) most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience
ethics
n. Syn. morals; principles
(倫理) morals; study of principles relating to right and wrong conduct.
ethnic
a. Syn. racial
(概略) relating to races; group of people sharing common racial, national, or religious heritage
evoke
v. Syn. bring out; arouse
(呼び起こす) bring out; arouse; call forth
exemplify
v. Syn. embody
(例証) serve as an example of; embody
exempt
a.
(報われない免除) not subject to duty or obligation; not subject to taxation
exotic
a. Syn. strange
(エキゾチック) from another part of the world; foreign; strikingly strange or unusual
expertise
n. Syn. skill
(専門) specialized knowledge; expert skill
explicit
a. Syn. definite; outspoken
(明示) precisely and clearly expressed; definite; outspoken
exposition
n.
(博覧会) exhibition; part of a play that provides the background information; opening section of a fugue
exquisite
a. Syn. excellent; flawless
(絶妙な) excellent; flawless; acutely perceptive or discriminating
extinct
a. Syn. nonexistent; vanished; dead
(絶滅) no longer existing or living; vanished; dead
extinguish
v.
(消火) quench; put out, as a light or fire; cause to die out; put an end to; destroy
fabricate
v. Syn. build
(製造) build; put together out of components or parts
facet
n. Syn. side
(ファ) small, smooth, flat surface, as on a bone or tooth; side; a smooth surface
facilitate
v. Syn. promote; expedite
(面倒) help bring about; make less difficult
feeble
a. Syn. weak; frail
(弱) lacking vigor, force, or effectiveness; faint; frail
flap
n.
(フラップ) flat, usually thin piece attached at only one side; act of waving or fluttering; blow given with something flat; slap
fling
v. Syn. discard
(浮気) throw with force or recklessness; throw or cast away; move in an abrupt
fluctuate
v. Syn. waver; shift
(行き詰まり) rise and fall in or as if in waves; shift; vary irregularly
flutter
v.
(フラッタ) vibrate or move quickly; drive in disorder; throw into confusion; wave or flap rapidly in an irregular manner
foam
n.
(泡) white substance, consisting of an aggregation of bubbles, which is formed on the surface of liquids
foil
v. Syn. hinder
(箔) prevent from being successful
formidable
a. Syn. menacing; threatening
(恐ろしい) arousing fear; threatening; difficult to undertake or defeat
formulate
v. Syn. policy; theory
(砦) decide upon and express in words
fort
n. Syn. fortress; stronghold
(条件) a fortified defensive structure; permanent army post
fossil
n. Syn. remnant
(化石) remnant; remains of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age
foster
v. Syn. rear
(里親) rear; promote the growth of; help develop
foul
n. Syn. disgusting; filthy
(悪臭) act that violates of the rules of a sport
fracture
v. Syn. break; crack
(破壊) break into pieces; crack; destroy; violate or abuse
fraud
n.
(詐欺) getting money by lying or cheating; something intended to deceive
fringe
n. Syn. margin; periphery
(フリンジ) margin; periphery; decorative border of hanging threads, cords, or strips, often attached to a separate band
frustrate
v. Syn. thwart; defeat
(挫折) make null; bring to nothing; prevent from taking effect or attaining fulfillment
galaxy
n.
(銀河) large, isolated system of stars, as the Milky Way; any collection of brilliant personalities
gaol
n. Syn. jail
(刑務所) place of confinement, especially for minor offenses or provisional imprisonment
garment
n.
(衣服) any article of clothing, as coat or gown
gear
n.
(ギア) toothed machine part, such as a wheel or cylinder, to transmit motion or to change speed or direction
glide
v. Syn. slide; slip
(滑空) slide; move in a smooth, effortless manner
gloomy
a. Syn. dusky; dim
(栄光) imperfectly illuminated; dusky; dim; clouded
gorgeous
a. Syn. beautiful; magnificent
(ゴージャス) dazzlingly beautiful; magnificent
gossip
n. Syn. rumor
(ゴシップ) rumor; malicious report about other people; light informal conversation for social occasions
graze
v. Syn. feed
(グラズは) scrape gently; feed on growing grasses and herbage
grease
n.
(グリース) oil; fat; state of being covered with unclean things
grief
n.
(悲しみ) pain of mind; mental suffering arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends; sorrow; sadness
grieve
v.
(私服を) cause to be sorrowful; distress
grim
a.
(厳しい) unrelenting; rigid; dismal and gloomy; cold and forbidding
hamper
v. Syn. obstruct
(妨げる) put at disadvantage; prevent progress or free movement of
hatch
v. Syn. breed
(ハッチ) breed; emerge from the egg
haul
v. Syn. transport; drag
(長距離) draw slowly or heavily; pull or drag forcibly; shift direction
haunt
v. Syn. torment; bother; disturb
(出没) be a regular or frequent visitor to a certain place; bother; disturb
heal
v. Syn. cure
(癒し) cure; make or get healthy again
heave
v. Syn. lift; raise; hoist; throw
(ヒーブ) cause to move upward or onward by a lifting effort; lift; raise; hoist; throw
heir
n. Syn. descendent; offspring
(相続) person who inherits some title or office
heritage
n. Syn. legacy; bequest; tradition
(文化遺産) legacy; something that is passed down from preceding generations; a tradition
hierarchy
n. Syn. class; order
(階層) arrangement by rank or standing; series in which each element is graded or ranked
hinder
v. Syn. stunt; inhibit; hamper; impede
(邪魔) put at a disadvantage; tie up; hamper; prevent the progress
hinge
n.
(ヒンジ) a joint that holds two parts together so that one can swing relative to the other
hitherto
ad.
(これまで) to this place; to a prescribed limit; up to this time; as yet; until now
homogeneous
a. Syn. uniform; similar
(均質) of the same or similar nature or kind
hose
n.
(ホース) a flexible pipe for conveying a liquid or gas
hover
v. Syn. float; waver; vacillate
(ホバー) hang about; wait nearby; remain floating
humidity
n. Syn. dampness; moisture
(湿度) dampness; moisture
hurl
v. Syn. throw; cast; toss
(投げる) throw with great force; cast; toss
hypothesis
n. Syn. assumption; theory
(仮説) assumption; theory
hysterical
a.
(ヒステリック) marked by excessive or uncontrollable emotion; affected, or troubled, with fear or panic