4000 CPE Vocabulary List

n. счетах manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters

v. унизить humiliate; lower or depress in rank or esteem

v. смущать embarrass; make ashamed or uneasy; disconcert

v. борьбе subside; decrease; become less in amount or intensity

v. сокращения make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase

n. аббревиатура shortening something by omitting parts of it

v. отречься give up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw from, as a right or claim

n. аберрантных abnormal;  markedly different from an accepted norm

v. подстрекать aid, usually in doing something wrong; encourage

n. отложено suspended action; temporary cessation or suspension

v. ненавидеть fill with horror and loathing; horrify; hate

v. отречься renounce upon oath; abandon forever

a. пылают burning; radiant; bright; keenly excited; resembling flame in brilliance or color

n. омовение washing or cleansing of the body, especially as part of religious rite

v. отказываться give up or surrender; deny something to oneself

n. отказ repudiation; self-sacrifice; renouncing your own interests in favor of interests of others

n. обитель act of waiting; delay; stay or continuance in a place

v. отменить cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

n. аболиционистов a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

a. отвратительные detestable; extremely unpleasant; very bad

a. аборигенов being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native

a. неудачную unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless

v. изобилуют be full of; be plentiful

v. обработать wear away by friction; scrape; erode

n. истиранию scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something

v. Краткое condense; shorten; reduce length of written text

a. отменить abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority

a. резкое broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

v. скрыться leave quickly and secretly and hide oneself, often to avoid arrest or prosecution

v. поглощают assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention

v. воздержаться refrain; hold oneself back voluntarily from an action or practice

a. воздержан sparing or moderation in eating and drinking; temperate

a. заумный obscure; profound; difficult to understand

n. абсурда quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

a. обильные plentiful; possessing riches or resources

v. примыкают border upon; adjoin; touch or end at one end or side; lie adjacent

a. ужасной bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad

n. академик a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation

v. присоединиться agree; give consent, often at the insistence of another; concede

v. акцентировать emphasize; stress; pronounce with stress or accent; mark with an accent

n. Доступность the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

n. аксессуары additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item

v. Награды applaud; announce with great approval

v. акклиматизироваться accustom or become accustomed to a new environment or situation; adapt

n. подъем upward slope, as of hill

n. награды award of merit; expression of approval; praise

n. сопровождение act of accompanying someone or something

a. сопровождающие attendant; appearing or going with someone or something else

n. достижение achievement; fulfillment; something that is successful

n. аккордеон a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard

v. приставать approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with demand or request

v. одевать equip; provide with military equipment

v. аккредитации authorize; commission; give credit for

n. аккреции growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion

v. начисляются increase, accumulate, or come about as a result of growth; accumulate over time

v. накапливаются pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

v. обвинить blame; say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

n. жесткость the bitterness of speech and temper; sourness or acidness of taste, character, or tone

a. уксусной having properties of vinegar; sour

a. углекислые slightly sour in taste or manner; sharp; caustic

n. желудь fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup; a cone-shaped piece of wood

n. акустика science of sound; the quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in

v. согласиться assent; agree without protesting

n. приобретение act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

a. едкие unpleasantly sharp or bitter to taste or smell; bitterly pungent

a. желчный bitter and sharp in language, tone, or manner

n. сокращение an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something

n. акрофобия fear of heights; abnormal fear of high places

a. актуарных calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics

v. приведения put into motion or action; activate

n. зрения sharpness; acuteness of vision or perception; keenness

n. проницательность mental keenness; quickness of perception

n. пословица wise saying; brief familiar proverb;  expression of popular wisdom

a. адаптации flexible; becoming or being made suitable to a particular situation or use

n. добавление something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book

v. наркоман cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to

a. привыкание something you cannot stop taking once you have started

v. тухлое muddle; drive crazy; become confused

a. адепт expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

n. сторонником a person who adheres; one who follows or upholds a leader, party, cause

a. смежных adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

v. примыкают be next to; be contiguous to; border on

v. выносить решения hear and settle a case by judicial procedure

n. адъюнкт something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

v. заклинаю appeal to or entreat earnestly; command or enjoin solemnly, as under oath

v. Изменить change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

v. наставлять warn; counsel someone against something to be avoided

n. наставление gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

n. Adobe clay; brick; sun-dried brick; structure built with this type of brick

n. подростков a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity;

v. принимать accept; take on; raise; take into one's family

n. принятия act of accepting with approval

n. обожание act of playing honor to a divine being; worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god

v. украшают enhance or decorate with or as if with ornaments

n. украшения embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

a. ловкие skillful and adept under pressing conditions

n. лести excessive flattery or admiration; unmerited praise

v. фальсифицировать make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances

v. предвещать give hint or indication of something; disclose partially or guardedly; overshadow; shade

n. появлением coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

a. случайное accidental; casual; not inherent but added extrinsically

n. пропагандистской support; active pleading on behalf of something

n. Ари nest of a bird, such as an eagle, built on a cliff or other high place

a. приветливый easily approachable; warmly friendly

v. филиал associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another

n. близость natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

v. утверждаем state something as true; assert; confirm

n. утверждения positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath

v. наносить fasten; append; add on; secure to something

n. бедствие cause or condition of pain, suffering, or distress

n. богатства abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth

a. доступным able to pay for

n. оскорбление insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect

n. после outcome; consequence, especially of a disaster or misfortune

n. агломерации collection; heap; act or process of gathering into a mass

v. возвеличивать increase the scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation

v. усугубить worsen; make worse or more troublesome

v. совокупности gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

n. агрегации several things grouped together or considered as a whole

a. ужас struck by shock, terror, or amazement

n. ловкость mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

v. агитировать cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb

n. агитация anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

n. агностик one who is skeptical of the existence of a god or any ultimate reality

a. аграрной pertaining to land or its cultivation; relating to agricultural or rural matters

n. болезни sickness;a slight but often persistent illness 

v. воздуха be broadcast on television or radio

a. бортовых aloft; flying; in the air

n. готовностью cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness

n. алхимия medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming

n. нише nook; small, recessed section of a room

n. алгоритм established procedure for solving problem

n. выравнивание arrangement; association; alliance

a. пищевой providing nourishment; concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion

n. щелочной soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash; one of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, and ammonia

v. развеять calm; pacify; reduce the intensity of; relieve

n. утверждения suggestion without proof that someone has done something wrong

v. утверждает state without proof; assert to be true

n. аллегории symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

n. аллитерации repetition of a beginning sound in poetry

v. выделить assign; distribute according to plan

v. сплав combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

v. намекают refer casually or indirectly, or by suggestion

v. привлекательность attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

n. соблазн temptation; enticement; any real or apparent good held forth or operating, as a motive to action

n. намек indirect reference; symbolical reference or comparison; metaphor

n. союзником confederate; partner; collaborator

ad. наверх in or into a high place; high or higher up

a. стороне apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote

n. изменения a passage from one form or state to another; change

a. альтруистических unselfishly generous; concerned for others

v. объединении combine; unite in one body; mix or alloy metal with mercury

v. собрать collect; gather for oneself, as for one's pleasure or profit

v. удивлять astonish; affect with wonder

a. удивительно awesome; astounding; surprising

a. Ambidextrous capable of using either hand with equal ease

n. атмосферу particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

n. неопределенность state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty

a. неоднозначное unclear or doubtful in meaning

n. амбиции aspiration; a strong wish to achieve something

a. амбициозные aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement

n. амбивалентность state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes, such as love and hate

a. амбивалентный mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings

n. иноходью moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely

a. амбулаторных able to walk; formed or adapted for walking; not stationary

v. улучшению make or become better; improve; grow better

a. поддаются responsive to advise or suggestion; responsible to a higher authority; willing to comply with; agreeable

v. изменить change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

n. Поправка a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

n. Услуги convenient features; courtesies

n. удобства pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

a. любезный good-natured and likable; lovable; warmly friendly

a. дружественных exhibiting friendliness or goodwill; not quarrelsome

n. дружба friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations

a. любовный moved by sexual love; loving

a. аморфный formless; lacking shape or definition

a. амфибии able to live both on land and in water

n. амфитеатр oval building with tiers of seats from central open space or arena

n. усиления addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

v. усиления broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase

v. ампутировать cut off part of the body, especially by surgery; prune

a. анахронизмом having time error in the story; erroneous in date; in the wrong time

a. анальгетик serving to reduce sensibility to pain without loss of consciousness

a. аналогичные comparable; similar or alike

v. анализа diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

n. анархисты a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority

n. анафема solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse

n. анатомии detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

a. предков inherited or inheritable by established rules

n. происхождения family descent; series or line of ancestors; lineage

a. вспомогательных serving as aid or accessory; auxiliary

a. мучительно experiencing extreme discomfort or discontent; feeling, expressing, or caused by anguish

a. угловой sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner

n. анимус the feeling of enmity or ill will; an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition

n. летописи a chronological record of the events of successive years

v. Приложение append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit

v. уничтожить destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

v. комментировать comment; make explanatory notes

a. раздражает bothersome; troublesome; irritating

n. ренты annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year

v. аннулировать make or declare void or invalid; reduce to nothing

n. болеутоляющее source of relaxation or comfort; medicine that relieves pain

v. помазать apply oil or similar substance to; put oil on during religious ceremony as a sign of sanctification or consecration.

a. аномальных deviating from normal or common order, form, or rule

n. антагонизм active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

v. предшествовать precede; go before in time, and sometimes in place, rank, or logical order

n. прошлое preceding events or circumstances that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background

v. предшествовали be earlier in time; go back further

a. допотопных antiquated; extremely old and ancient; belonging to very ancient times

n. антология book of literary selections by various authors

a. ан��ропоцентрической regarding human beings as the center of the universe

a. человекообразные manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance

a. антропоморфных having human form or characteristics

n. антибиотик any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms

v. предвидеть act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

n. разочарование the letdown in thought or emotion; decline viewed in disappointing contrast with the previous rise

n. антипатию strong feeling of aversion; dislike

n. античный any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

n. антитеза contrast; direct contrast; opposition

n. рога entire horn, or any branch of the horn

n. наковальней a heavy block of iron or steel with a smooth, flat top on which metals are shaped by hammering

a. апатичным feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent

n. апатия lack of interest, or the attitude of not caring resulting from it; the indifference

n. аперитив alcoholic beverage taken before a meal as an appetizer

n. диафра��мы opening; diameter of such an opening; hole

n. вершине highest point; vertex; summit; climax

n. афазии loss of speech due to injury or illness

n. афоризм definition or concise statement of principle; tersely phrased statement of truth or opinion

n. пасека a place where bees and beehives are kept, especially where bees are raised for their honey

n. апломбом poise; self-confident assurance

a. апокрифической untrue; of questionable authorship or authenticity; erroneous; fictitious

n. апогея the highest point; point in an orbit most distant from the body being orbited

a. аполитичной having aversion or lack of concern for political affairs

a. апологетических offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

n. апологет a person who argues in defense or justification of something, such as doctrine, policy, or institution

v. извиниться beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something

n. отступник one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs

n. апостроф text character used to mark the possessive or to show the omission of letters or numbers

n. апофеоз elevation to godhood; fact or action of becoming a god; an ideal example of something

v. ужасать depress or discourage with fear; grow faint or become weak

n. привидение ghostly figure; sudden or unusual sight; appearance; state of being visible

n. Обращение attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge

a. привлекательным attractive or interesting; charming

n. наименование name; title; the act of naming; the act of appealing for aid, sympathy

v. добавить attach; add as supplement or appendix

n. придаток something appended to or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it

n. аппетит instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink

v. приветствую acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

a. применимо capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance

n. заявителя candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job

n. применение close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance

v. назначить designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

a. уместным strikingly appropriate and relevant; well-suited

n. оценки assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

v. оценки estimate value of; evaluate, especially in an official capacity

a. заметной large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible

v. оценить be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

n. опасение fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; the act of seizing or capturing; understanding

a. опасение capable of knowing; conscious; relating to the faculty of apprehension; sensible or perceptive

n. обучение the term during which one learns a trade from a skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice

v. информировать inform; give notice to; make aware

n. подход a way of considering or doing something

n. апробации соответствующее expression of warm approval; praise

v. соответствующие acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use

v. приближенные come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount

ad. примерно very similarly; roughly

a. поводу with reference or regard; in respect

a. водных consisting of, relating to, or being in the water

a. орлиным curved or hooked like an eagle's beak

a. пахотных fit for growing crops, as by plowing

n. арбитр person with power to decide a dispute; judge

a. древесные tree-dwelling; treelike; living in trees

n. дендрарий a place where different tree varieties are exhibited

n. дуги the continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape

a. тайными secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated

n. археология study of artifacts and relics of early humankind

a. архаичных no longer current or applicable; antiquated

n. архетип prototype; original model or type after which other similar things are patterned

n. архипелаг group of closely located islands

a. горячим displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

a. трудный demanding great effort or labor; difficult

a. засушливых dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants

n. аристократия hereditary nobility; privileged class

n. аристократ one of the aristocracy or people of rank in a community; one of a ruling class; a noble

n. арифметических theory of numerical calculations

n. армада a fleet of warships; a large group of moving things

n. Оружейная палата arsenal; a place where arms are manufactured

a. ароматических fragrant or sweet-smelling; caused by fragrant odor

n. возбуждение act of awaking from sleep; arousing from what is like sleep

v. обвинять officially charge someone in a court of law

n. Композиция composition; a plan for how something will happen

n. задолженности being in debt; unpaid, overdue debt or an unfulfilled obligation

v. присвоить claim without justification; claim for oneself without the right

n. Арройо deep gully; a dry gulch; brook or creek; watercourse

n. хитрость subtle but base deception; trickery; cleverness or skill; ingenuity

n. ремесленника manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to an artist

a. бесхитростный free of artificiality; natural; open and honest

v. подниматься move up or climb something; mount

n. власть superiority or decisive advantage; domination

n. восхождение upward slope or grade; movement upward

a. аскетической leading a life of self-discipline and self-denial; austere

v. приписывают inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

a. асептический preventing infection; having cleansing effect

a. пепельно ash-colored; very pale; consisting of ashes

a. глупый utterly stupid or silly; inanely foolish

a. искоса with a sideways or indirect look; Turned to side, especially of eyes

ad. косо turned or twisted toward one side; at an angle

n. неровностей the sharpness of temper; roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate

v. задыхаться deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing death or severe symptoms; suffocate

n. претендентам one who aspires, as to advancement, honors, or a high position

n. стремление ambition; something that you hope to achieve

v. нападать assault; attack with or as if with violent blows

n. нападение a violent attack; an onslaught

v. анализа analyze; evaluate; examine by trial or experiment; put to the test

n. монтаж a group of persons together in one place

v. согласие express agreement to what is alleged or proposed; accept

v. утверждать declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly

a. напористой positive; affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory

v. оценки estimate  value; judge worth of something

n. оценки act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable

a. усердным constant in application or attention; diligent; unceasing or persistent

v. ассимилировать incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble

n. помощь help, especially money or resources that are given to people  

v. успокоить ease or lessen pain; satisfy or appease

ad. конечно in a way that causes something to be certain; undoubtedly

n. астигматизм eye defect that prevents proper focus

a. поражен amazed; very surprised

v. поразить affect with wonder; surprise; shock

a. вяжущее causing contraction; having the effect of drawing tissue together; stern or austere

n. астроном a physicist who studies astronomy

n. астрономия branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

ad. куски into separate parts or pieces; apart

a. асимметричной not identical on both sides of a dividing central line

n. атавизм resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents; deformity returning after the passage of two or more generations

a. атавистические displaying characteristics of previous cultural era or previous ancestral form

a. атеистической denying existence of God; godless

n. легкая атлетика art of training by athletic exercises; games and sports of athletes

n. атмосфера air; a mixture of gases that surrounds any planet

n. атома a tiny piece of anything; the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element

n. злодеяние brutal deed; atrocious condition, quality, or behavior; monstrousness

n. атрофия wasting away; decrease in size; reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease

n. вложения a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory

v. достижения achieve or accomplish; gain

n. достижения something, such as an accomplishment or achievement; achievement

v. участие be present at; go to; take care of; tend

n. посещаемости act of being present

n. сопутствующих aide; servant; accompanying; a person who participates in a meeting

n. внимание act or state of attending or heeding; application of the mind to any object of sense, representation, or thought

v. ослабления make slender, fine, or small; weaken; lessen the density of

n. одежда clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

n. привлечения appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts

a. привлекательным appealing; pleasing; inviting; tempting

n. атрибута essential quality; reputation; honor

v. атрибута relate to particular cause or source; ascribe; explain

n. истощение a gradual decrease in numbers; reduction in the workforce without firing employees; wearing away through harassment

a. нетипичные not normal; unusual or irregular; not representative of a group, class, or type

a. дерзкий fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold

n. аудитории area of theater or concert hall where the audience sits

a. слухового of or relating to hearing, the organs of hearing, or the sense of hearing

n. шнек hand tool for boring holes; hollow drill used to take core samples of soil, ice

v. увеличить make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

n. гадание sign of something coming; art or practice of foretelling events by signs or omens

n. венчиком the outermost region of the sun's atmosphere; halo

a. авроральной characteristic of dawn; dawning, eastern, like a new beginning; relating to the atmospheric phenomenon auroras

a. благоприятный attended by favorable circumstances; marked by success; prosperous

a. суровый strict or severe in the discipline; severely simple and unornamented

v. аутентификации prove genuine; establish authenticity of

a. авторитарного expecting absolute obedience; completely dominating another's will

a. авторитетных weighting authority; peremptory and dictatorial

n. Автобиография biography or story written by yourself

n. самодержца dictator; ruler having unlimited power

a. само��ержавной having absolute, unchecked power; dictatorial

n. автомата the mechanism that imitates actions of humans

a. автономного self-governing; not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent

n. автономии independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

a. обучения convenient for use or disposal; not busy, free; obtainable; accessible

n. авангард radically new or original; cutting edge

n. алчность greediness for wealth; the insatiable desire to gain

v. среднее declare to be true; affirm

a. прочь reluctant; disinclined; turned away or backward; unwilling

n. вольер large cage, building, or enclosure in which birds are reared or kept

a. Avid greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

n. призвание activity taken up in addition to one's regular work or profession, usually for enjoyment

v. признаться declare openly; acknowledge openly, boldly, and unashamedly

n. декларирование open declaration; frank acknowledgment

a. дядин in the manner of an uncle, about uncle; kind, genial, benevolent, or tolerant

a. неловко difficult to handle or manage

n. тент roof-like cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind

ad. наперекосяк in a position that is turned toward one side; away from the correct course

n. аксиома self-evident truth requiring no proof

n. оси pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel; transverse bar connecting the opposite wheels

a. Azure sky blue; light purplish-blue