4000 CPE Vocabulary List

n. abacus manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters

v. رسوا humiliate; lower or depress in rank or esteem

v. abash embarrass; make ashamed or uneasy; disconcert

v. aberrant subside; decrease; become less in amount or intensity

v. abjure make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase

n. مخفف shortening something by omitting parts of it

v. چھوڑ give up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw from, as a right or claim

n. abnormal;  markedly different from an accepted norm

v. abet aid, usually in doing something wrong; encourage

n. پراستگت suspended action; temporary cessation or suspension

v. ان تمام معاملات میں fill with horror and loathing; horrify; hate

v. aberrant abjure renounce upon oath; abandon forever

a. رہنے والے burning; radiant; bright; keenly excited; resembling flame in brilliance or color

n. ہونے washing or cleansing of the body, especially as part of religious rite

v. zephyr give up or surrender; deny something to oneself

n. abbreviate انکار repudiation; self-sacrifice; renouncing your own interests in favor of interests of others

n. ٹھکانا act of waiting; delay; stay or continuance in a place

v. مٹاتا cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

n. abolitionist a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

a. گھرنیت detestable; extremely unpleasant; very bad

a. قبائلی being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native

a. ناکام unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless

v. کثرت be full of; be plentiful

v. abrade wear away by friction; scrape; erode

n. گھرشن scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something

v. abridge condense; shorten; reduce length of written text

a. منسوخ abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority

a. اچانک broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

v. فرار leave quickly and secretly and hide oneself, often to avoid arrest or prosecution

v. جذب assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention

v. جدا refrain; hold oneself back voluntarily from an action or practice

a. سنیمی sparing or moderation in eating and drinking; temperate

a. abyss obscure; profound; difficult to understand

n. بے ہودگی quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

a. کثرت plentiful; possessing riches or resources

v. abut border upon; adjoin; touch or end at one end or side; lie adjacent

a. خراب bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad

n. تبشتسدسی a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation

v. accede agree; give consent, often at the insistence of another; concede

v. acquiesce emphasize; stress; pronounce with stress or accent; mark with an accent

n. رسائی the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

n. شرارت آلات additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item

v. تعریف applaud; announce with great approval

v. abrasive accustom or become accustomed to a new environment or situation; adapt

n. acclivity upward slope, as of hill

n. accolade award of merit; expression of approval; praise

n. accompaniment act of accompanying someone or something

a. ہمراہ attendant; appearing or going with someone or something else

n. کامیابی achievement; fulfillment; something that is successful

n. accordion a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard

v. خطاب approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with demand or request

v. acclimate equip; provide with military equipment

v. بھڑکائی authorize; commission; give credit for

n. اضافہ growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion

v. جزا increase, accumulate, or come about as a result of growth; accumulate over time

v. جمع pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

v. تہمت blame; say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

n. acerbity the bitterness of speech and temper; sourness or acidness of taste, character, or tone

a. accouter having properties of vinegar; sour

a. acidulous slightly sour in taste or manner; sharp; caustic

n. acorn fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup; a cone-shaped piece of wood

n. صوتی science of sound; the quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in

v. acquiesce assent; agree without protesting

n. ارجن act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

a. accentuate acrid unpleasantly sharp or bitter to taste or smell; bitterly pungent

a. رنگستاپک acrimonious bitter and sharp in language, tone, or manner

n. ترخیمہ an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something

n. acrophobia fear of heights; abnormal fear of high places

a. بیمانکک calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics

v. منظوری actuate put into motion or action; activate

n. تیکشنتا sharpness; acuteness of vision or perception; keenness

n. کوشل mental keenness; quickness of perception

n. کہاوت wise saying; brief familiar proverb;  expression of popular wisdom

a. ملائمی flexible; becoming or being made suitable to a particular situation or use

n. کرلیا something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book

v. دیوانی cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to

a. لت something you cannot stop taking once you have started

v. سڑا muddle; drive crazy; become confused

a. ہنر expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

n. پکشپاتی a person who adheres; one who follows or upholds a leader, party, cause

a. متصل adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

v. adjoin be next to; be contiguous to; border on

v. فیصلہ کرنا hear and settle a case by judicial procedure

n. acetic something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

v. adjure appeal to or entreat earnestly; command or enjoin solemnly, as under oath

v. ایڈجسٹ change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

v. نصیحت warn; counsel someone against something to be avoided

n. نصیحت gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

n. ایڈوب clay; brick; sun-dried brick; structure built with this type of brick

n. کشور a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity;

v. اپنانے accept; take on; raise; take into one's family

n. اپنانے act of accepting with approval

n. (نیاز) act of playing honor to a divine being; worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god

v. سجانا enhance or decorate with or as if with ornaments

n. زینت embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

a. قابل skillful and adept under pressing conditions

n. چاپلوسی excessive flattery or admiration; unmerited praise

v. ملاوٹ make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances

v. پیارا adumbrate give hint or indication of something; disclose partially or guardedly; overshadow; shade

n. آمد coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

a. آگنتک accidental; casual; not inherent but added extrinsically

n. شہر کی آواز support; active pleading on behalf of something

n. adjunct nest of a bird, such as an eagle, built on a cliff or other high place

a. ملنسار easily approachable; warmly friendly

v. الحاق associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another

n. نسبت natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

v. وانی state something as true; assert; confirm

n. اقرار positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath

v. دور لاحقہ fasten; append; add on; secure to something

n. تکلیف cause or condition of pain, suffering, or distress

n. حالی abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth

a. سستی able to pay for

n. توہین insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect

n. بعد outcome; consequence, especially of a disaster or misfortune

n. aerie collection; heap; act or process of gathering into a mass

v. aggrandize increase the scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation

v. بڑھ worsen; make worse or more troublesome

v. اجماع gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

n. یکترکرن several things grouped together or considered as a whole

a. aghast struck by shock, terror, or amazement

n. چپلتا mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

v. تحریک cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb

n. تحریک anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

n. agnostic one who is skeptical of the existence of a god or any ultimate reality

a. زراعت pertaining to land or its cultivation; relating to agricultural or rural matters

n. بیماری sickness;a slight but often persistent illness 

v. ہوا be broadcast on television or radio

a. ییربورن aloft; flying; in the air

n. تتپرتا cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness

n. کیمیا medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming

n. alcove nook; small, recessed section of a room

n. یلگورتم established procedure for solving problem

n. سیدھ arrangement; association; alliance

a. agglomeration providing nourishment; concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion

n. کنر soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash; one of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, and ammonia

v. امن calm; pacify; reduce the intensity of; relieve

n. پاداش suggestion without proof that someone has done something wrong

v. کا الزام state without proof; assert to be true

n. روپک symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

n. alimentary alliteration repetition of a beginning sound in poetry

v. مختص assign; distribute according to plan

v. مصر combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

v. اشارہ کرنا refer casually or indirectly, or by suggestion

v. رغبت attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

n. allurement temptation; enticement; any real or apparent good held forth or operating, as a motive to action

n. allusion indirect reference; symbolical reference or comparison; metaphor

n. اتحادی confederate; partner; collaborator

ad. abrasive in or into a high place; high or higher up

a. کنارہ کشی اختیار کرلیں apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote

n. تبدیلی میں جگہ دینا شامل a passage from one form or state to another; change

a. پرپکاری unselfishly generous; concerned for others

v. amalgamate combine; unite in one body; mix or alloy metal with mercury

v. گھمنڈ کرتے) collect; gather for oneself, as for one's pleasure or profit

v. تعجب میں ڈالیں astonish; affect with wonder

a. عجیب awesome; astounding; surprising

a. ambidextrous capable of using either hand with equal ease

n. ماحول particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

n. ابہام state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty

a. مبہم unclear or doubtful in meaning

n. مہتواکانکن aspiration; a strong wish to achieve something

a. مہتواکانکشی aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement

n. ambivalence abstruse state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes, such as love and hate

a. ambivalent mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings

n. ٹہلنا moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely

a. aloft ambulatory able to walk; formed or adapted for walking; not stationary

v. بہتری لانا make or become better; improve; grow better

a. amenable responsive to advise or suggestion; responsible to a higher authority; willing to comply with; agreeable

v. ترمیم change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

n. ترمیم a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

n. خصوصیات convenient features; courtesies

n. سہولت pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

a. ملنسار good-natured and likable; lovable; warmly friendly

a. دوستانہ exhibiting friendliness or goodwill; not quarrelsome

n. سوہارد friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations

a. amorous moved by sexual love; loving

a. amorphous formless; lacking shape or definition

a. درمیان amphibian able to live both on land and in water

n. رنگبھوم oval building with tiers of seats from central open space or arena

n. پروردن addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

v. تفریح broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase

v. کاٹنا cut off part of the body, especially by surgery; prune

a. anachronistic having time error in the story; erroneous in date; in the wrong time

a. amorous analgesic serving to reduce sensibility to pain without loss of consciousness

a. مثل comparable; similar or alike

v. تجزیہ diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

n. اراجکتاوادی a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority

n. ابشاپ solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse

n. اناٹومی detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

a. آبائی inherited or inheritable by established rules

n. اصل family descent; series or line of ancestors; lineage

a. ذیلی serving as aid or accessory; auxiliary

a. پریشان experiencing extreme discomfort or discontent; feeling, expressing, or caused by anguish

a. زاویاتی sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner

n. anodyne the feeling of enmity or ill will; an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition

n. تاریخ a chronological record of the events of successive years

v. انیکسی append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit

v. نیست و نابود destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

v. وضاحت comment; make explanatory notes

a. پریشان bothersome; troublesome; irritating

n. وارشیکی annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year

v. annul make or declare void or invalid; reduce to nothing

n. anodyne source of relaxation or comfort; medicine that relieves pain

v. ابھیشیک apply oil or similar substance to; put oil on during religious ceremony as a sign of sanctification or consecration.

a. ویشم deviating from normal or common order, form, or rule

n. عداوت active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

v. antecede precede; go before in time, and sometimes in place, rank, or logical order

n. پوروورت preceding events or circumstances that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background

v. antedate be earlier in time; go back further

a. antediluvian antiquated; extremely old and ancient; belonging to very ancient times

n. anthology book of literary selections by various authors

a. anthropocentric regarding human beings as the center of the universe

a. اینٹینا anthropoid manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance

a. anthropomorphic having human form or characteristics

n. ینٹیبایڈٹک any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms

v. رکھو act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

n. anticlimax the letdown in thought or emotion; decline viewed in disappointing contrast with the previous rise

n. antipathy strong feeling of aversion; dislike

n. قدیم any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

n. anterior antithesis contrast; direct contrast; opposition

n. antler entire horn, or any branch of the horn

n. نہائی a heavy block of iron or steel with a smooth, flat top on which metals are shaped by hammering

a. اداسین feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent

n. بے حسی lack of interest, or the attitude of not caring resulting from it; the indifference

n. aperitif alcoholic beverage taken before a meal as an appetizer

n. یپرچر opening; diameter of such an opening; hole

n. سپریم highest point; vertex; summit; climax

n. واچاگھات loss of speech due to injury or illness

n. animus aphorism definition or concise statement of principle; tersely phrased statement of truth or opinion

n. apiary a place where bees and beehives are kept, especially where bees are raised for their honey

n. aplomb poise; self-confident assurance

a. apocryphal untrue; of questionable authorship or authenticity; erroneous; fictitious

n. apocryphal apogee the highest point; point in an orbit most distant from the body being orbited

a. apolitical having aversion or lack of concern for political affairs

a. معذرت خواہانہ offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

n. apologist a person who argues in defense or justification of something, such as doctrine, policy, or institution

v. مستثنی beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something

n. مرتد one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs

n. apostrophe text character used to mark the possessive or to show the omission of letters or numbers

n. apotheosis elevation to godhood; fact or action of becoming a god; an ideal example of something

v. ڈرانا depress or discourage with fear; grow faint or become weak

n. پریت ghostly figure; sudden or unusual sight; appearance; state of being visible

n. اپیل attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge

a. اپیل attractive or interesting; charming

n. پدوی name; title; the act of naming; the act of appealing for aid, sympathy

v. فائلیں attach; add as supplement or appendix

n. اپانگ something appended to or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it

n. رغبت instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink

v. تعریف acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

a. لاگو capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance

n. درخواست گزار candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job

n. درخواست close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance

v. مقرر designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

a. apposite strikingly appropriate and relevant; well-suited

n. تشخیص assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

v. کوتنا estimate value of; evaluate, especially in an official capacity

a. تحسین large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible

v. تعریف be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

n. خدشہ fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; the act of seizing or capturing; understanding

a. خدشہ capable of knowing; conscious; relating to the faculty of apprehension; sensible or perceptive

n. اپرنٹس شپ the term during which one learns a trade from a skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice

v. آگاہ کروں inform; give notice to; make aware

n. رابطہ a way of considering or doing something

n. تعریف expression of warm approval; praise

v. مناسب acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use

v. اندازا come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount

ad. تقریبا very similarly; roughly

a. apropos with reference or regard; in respect

a. آبی consisting of, relating to, or being in the water

a. aquiline curved or hooked like an eagle's beak

a. arable fit for growing crops, as by plowing

n. بیچوان person with power to decide a dispute; judge

a. arboreal tree-dwelling; treelike; living in trees

n. arboretum a place where different tree varieties are exhibited

n. چاپ the continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape

a. arcane secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated

n. آثار قدیمہ study of artifacts and relics of early humankind

a. قدیمی no longer current or applicable; antiquated

n. arcane archetype prototype; original model or type after which other similar things are patterned

n. asphyxiate archipelago group of closely located islands

a. اتساہی displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

a. پرمشقت demanding great effort or labor; difficult

a. بنجر dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants

n. کلین hereditary nobility; privileged class

n. ابجات one of the aristocracy or people of rank in a community; one of a ruling class; a noble

n. انکگنیتیی theory of numerical calculations

n. آرماڈا a fleet of warships; a large group of moving things

n. شسرشالا arsenal; a place where arms are manufactured

a. کھشبودار fragrant or sweet-smelling; caused by fragrant odor

n. arousal act of awaking from sleep; arousing from what is like sleep

v. arraign officially charge someone in a court of law

n. نظام composition; a plan for how something will happen

n. ضرورت سے زیادہ بقایا جات being in debt; unpaid, overdue debt or an unfulfilled obligation

v. arrogate claim without justification; claim for oneself without the right

n. ارویو deep gully; a dry gulch; brook or creek; watercourse

n. چالاکی subtle but base deception; trickery; cleverness or skill; ingenuity

n. کاریگر manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to an artist

a. artless free of artificiality; natural; open and honest

v. چڑھ move up or climb something; mount

n. پربوتو superiority or decisive advantage; domination

n. آروہن upward slope or grade; movement upward

a. تپسوی leading a life of self-discipline and self-denial; austere

v. باندھتے inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

a. aseptic preventing infection; having cleansing effect

a. ashen ash-colored; very pale; consisting of ashes

a. asinine utterly stupid or silly; inanely foolish

a. askance with a sideways or indirect look; Turned to side, especially of eyes

ad. ترچھا turned or twisted toward one side; at an angle

n. asperity the sharpness of temper; roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate

v. asphyxiate deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing death or severe symptoms; suffocate

n. طالب one who aspires, as to advancement, honors, or a high position

n. تمنا ambition; something that you hope to achieve

v. آگھیرے assault; attack with or as if with violent blows

n. حملہ a violent attack; an onslaught

v. پرکھ analyze; evaluate; examine by trial or experiment; put to the test

n. مجموعہ a group of persons together in one place

v. debunk منظوری express agreement to what is alleged or proposed; accept

v. آسان اور خوشگوار بنا declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly

a. assertive positive; affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory

v. جائزہ estimate  value; judge worth of something

n. تشخیص act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable

a. assiduous constant in application or attention; diligent; unceasing or persistent

v. خواہاں incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble

n. مدد help, especially money or resources that are given to people  

v. شانت کرنا ease or lessen pain; satisfy or appease

ad. یقینا in a way that causes something to be certain; undoubtedly

n. درجیویشمی eye defect that prevents proper focus

a. چکت amazed; very surprised

v. چکت affect with wonder; surprise; shock

a. irksome کسیلی causing contraction; having the effect of drawing tissue together; stern or austere

n. ھگولود a physicist who studies astronomy

n. فلکیات branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

ad. پھٹ into separate parts or pieces; apart

a. اسمدوست not identical on both sides of a dividing central line

n. atavism resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents; deformity returning after the passage of two or more generations

a. atavistic displaying characteristics of previous cultural era or previous ancestral form

a. atheistic denying existence of God; godless

n. اتھلیٹکس art of training by athletic exercises; games and sports of athletes

n. ماحول air; a mixture of gases that surrounds any planet

n. ایٹم a tiny piece of anything; the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element

n. کرورتا brutal deed; atrocious condition, quality, or behavior; monstrousness

n. atrophy wasting away; decrease in size; reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease

n. ملحق a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory

v. پانے achieve or accomplish; gain

n. وصولی something, such as an accomplishment or achievement; achievement

v. شرکت be present at; go to; take care of; tend

n. حاضری act of being present

n. تبچر aide; servant; accompanying; a person who participates in a meeting

n. توجہ act or state of attending or heeding; application of the mind to any object of sense, representation, or thought

v. attenuate make slender, fine, or small; weaken; lessen the density of

n. لباس clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

n. توجہ appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts

a. کشش appealing; pleasing; inviting; tempting

n. خصوصیت essential quality; reputation; honor

v. خصوصیت relate to particular cause or source; ascribe; explain

n. attrition a gradual decrease in numbers; reduction in the workforce without firing employees; wearing away through harassment

a. atypical not normal; unusual or irregular; not representative of a group, class, or type

a. دسساہسی fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold

n. آڈیٹوریم area of theater or concert hall where the audience sits

a. سمعی of or relating to hearing, the organs of hearing, or the sense of hearing

n. auger hand tool for boring holes; hollow drill used to take core samples of soil, ice

v. بڑھانے make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

n. augury sign of something coming; art or practice of foretelling events by signs or omens

n. aureole the outermost region of the sun's atmosphere; halo

a. auroral characteristic of dawn; dawning, eastern, like a new beginning; relating to the atmospheric phenomenon auroras

a. شبھ attended by favorable circumstances; marked by success; prosperous

a. سادہ strict or severe in the discipline; severely simple and unornamented

v. توثیق prove genuine; establish authenticity of

a. امرانہ expecting absolute obedience; completely dominating another's will

a. مستند weighting authority; peremptory and dictatorial

n. سوانح عمری biography or story written by yourself

n. attenuate autocrat dictator; ruler having unlimited power

a. نرنکش having absolute, unchecked power; dictatorial

n. automaton the mechanism that imitates actions of humans

a. خودمختار self-governing; not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent

n. خود مختاری independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

a. دستیاب convenient for use or disposal; not busy, free; obtainable; accessible

n. avant garde - radically new or original; cutting edge

n. avarice greediness for wealth; the insatiable desire to gain

v. aver declare to be true; affirm

a. ناپسند reluctant; disinclined; turned away or backward; unwilling

n. large cage, building, or enclosure in which birds are reared or kept

a. balmy greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

n. aviary avocation activity taken up in addition to one's regular work or profession, usually for enjoyment

v. avow declare openly; acknowledge openly, boldly, and unashamedly

n. avowal open declaration; frank acknowledgment

a. avuncular in the manner of an uncle, about uncle; kind, genial, benevolent, or tolerant

a. عجیب difficult to handle or manage

n. axiom roof-like cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind

ad. ٹیڑھا in a position that is turned toward one side; away from the correct course

n. axiom self-evident truth requiring no proof

n. awning درا pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel; transverse bar connecting the opposite wheels

a. azure sky blue; light purplish-blue