4000 FCE Vocabulary List

n. отказаться lacking restraint or control; feeling of extreme emotional intensity; unbounded enthusiasm

v. сокращения make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase

v. соблюдать endure; put up with; bear; tolerate

a. ненормальные unusual; not typical; not normal

ad. борт on a ship, train, plane, or other vehicles; in or into a group, organization, or business

n. отмена ending; act of abolishing; act of doing away with

a. резкое broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

n. Отсутствие state of being absent; state of being away

a. отсутствует go away or leave; missing; not present

n. заочного one who is absent or not in residence

n. прогул habitual not to appear, especially for work or other regular duty

a. абсолютная perfect in quality or nature; complete; totally unlimited; certain

ad. абсолютно utterly; not viewed in relation to other things or factors  

v. поглощают assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention

n. поглощения process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion; state of mental concentration

a. Аннотация theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand

a. абсурдно preposterous; ridiculously incongruous or unreasonable; foolish

n. абсурда quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

a. обильные plentiful; possessing riches or resources

ad. совершенно in great numbers; in a plentiful or sufficient degree; plentifully

n. нарушении improper use or handling; misuse

a. академических related to school; not practical or directly useful; relating to the scholarly organization; based on formal education

v. ускорения move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected

n. ускорение a faster rate of improvement; the rate of change of velocity to time

a. доступны easily approached or entered; obtainable; easy to talk to or get along with

n. аксессуары additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item

n. авария an event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; sudden, and unexpected event

a. случайно unexpected; happening by chance, unintentionally  

ad. случайно inadvertently; by chance; casually; fortuitously; not essentially or intrinsically

v. размещения do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for

n. сопровождение act of accompanying someone or something

v. сопровождать travel with; be associated with

v. выполнения succeed in doing; bring to pass; achieve; reach the end of; complete

n. достижение achievement; fulfillment; something that is successful

n. счета narrative or record of events; the reason given for a particular action or event

a. подотчетным liable to being called to account; answerable; responsible; something that can be explained

n. бухгалтера one who maintains and audits business accounts

n. учета a system that provides quantitative information about finances

v. накапливаются pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

n. накопления increase by natural growth or addition; concentration

n. точности quality of nearness to the truth or the true value

n. обвинения indictment; charge of wrongdoing that is made against a person or other party

a. привыкли habitual to; used to; frequently practiced, used, or experienced; customary

v. достижения gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill

n. кислотность pH values below 7; taste experience when something acidic is taken into the mouth

v. ознакомиться inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar

n. знакомства personal knowledge or information about someone or something

v. приобрести gain through experience or effort; gain possession of; locate with a tracking system

n. приобретение act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

v. активации make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive

ad. активное energetically; vigorously; voluntarily, not passively

v. приведения put into motion or action; activate

n. проницательность mental keenness; quickness of perception

a. острого quickly perceptive; keen; having a sharp point or tip; extremely sharp or severe

v. адаптироваться make fit for; change to suit a new purpose

a. адаптации flexible; becoming or being made suitable to a particular situation or use

n. адаптации modification; alteration or adjustment in structure or habits

a. адаптивных having a capacity for adaptation; capable of adapting

v. наркоман cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to

a. дополнительных further; extra; supplemental or added to

a. адепт expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

a. адекватную sufficient; enough to meet a purpose

n. клей glue; paste; the substance that unites or bonds surfaces together

a. прилегающей neighboring; being in contact at some point or line; joining to

n. регулировки making or becoming suitable; adjusting to circumstances

v. администрирование govern; supervise; give or apply medications

n. Администрация management; supervision; people who are in charge of management; the activity of government for powers and duties

n. Администратор one who manages a government agency or department

n. восхищение favorable judgment; feeling of pleasure, wonder, and approval

v. восхищаться regard with wonder or astonishment; view with surprise; marvel at

n. приема act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter

v. допускают permit to enter; receive; provide the right or a means of entrance to

ad. правда doubtlessly; in an acknowledged manner; confessedly

n. подростков a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity;

n. принятия act of accepting with approval

v. украшают enhance or decorate with or as if with ornaments

n. украшения embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

v. заранее proceed; move forward; improve; moving forward

a. расширенный improved; highly developed or complex; ahead of the times; progressive

n. продвижение progress; promotion;  forward step; improvement

n. приключения something happens without design; chance; hazard; risk; danger

n. авантюрист one who enjoys exciting, dangerous activities, often in foreign countries

a. приключений valiant; venturesome; inclined or willing to incur hazard or engage in adventures

n. противника the opponent in a contest; someone who offers opposition

a. неблагоприятных in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose

ad. отрицательно negatively; in an adverse manner; oppositely; inimically; offensively; unfortunately

n. невзгоды state of misfortune, hardship, or affliction; misfortune

v. Реклама give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of

v. адвокат speak, plead, or argue in favor of; plead for; push for something

n. адвокат one that argues for a cause; supporter or defender

a. эстетическое elegant or tasteful; of or concerning the appreciation of beauty or good taste

v. влияют have an emotional or cognitive impact upon

n. привязанность fondness; tender feeling toward another; fondness

a. ласковые having affection or warm regard; loving; fond; kindly inclined; zealous

n. близость natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

a. позитивные confirmative; ratifying; giving assent or approval; confirming

v. страдает cause pain, suffering, or distress

a. богатые having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value

v. себе pay; provide; have the financial means for; bear the cost of

a. доступным able to pay for

n. Повестка дня items of business at a meeting; list or program of things to be done or considered

v. усугубить worsen; make worse or more troublesome

a. отягчающих irritating; annoying; making worse or more heinous

v. совокупности gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

n. агрегации several things grouped together or considered as a whole

a. агрессивного making assaults; unjustly attacking; combative; hostile; tending to spread quickly

a. проворный moving quickly and lightly; mentally quick

n. ловкость mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

v. агитировать cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb

n. агония the extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle

a. приятным ready to consent or submit; acceptable

n. сельское хозяйство the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock

n. болезни sickness;a slight but often persistent illness 

n. Цель point or direct towards an object or spot with the intent of hitting it

n. самолет a vehicle that can fly, such as an airplane, helicopter, balloon

n. воздушная болезнь motion sickness experienced while traveling by air

a. приоткрытой half-open; slightly turned or opened

a. сродни of the same kin; related by blood

n. алхимия medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming

n. ольха north temperate shrubs or trees having toothed leaves and cone-like fruit

n. предупреждения the warning serves; alarm; condition of heightened watchfulness or preparation for action

a. чужеродн��е dissimilar, inconsistent, or opposed in nature; very different place, society, or person

v. отчуждать cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally

n. выравнивание arrangement; association; alliance

a. так similar; in the same manner or to the same degree

n. верность loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion

n. аллегории symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

n. учетом approval; the act of allowing, granting, or admitting

n. сплав mixture; a combination of diverse things

v. намекают refer casually or indirectly, or by suggestion

ad. наверх in or into a high place; high or higher up

ad. наряду along or by the side; side by side with

v. изменить modify; cause to change; make different; convert

a. альтернативных happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute

v. альтернативных occur successively; pass back and forth from one state, action, or place to another

n. чередование successive change from one thing or state to another and back again

n. альтернативные one of two or more things, ideas, or courses of action that may be used; option or choice

n. высоте elevation especially above sea level; height

n. алюминия silvery ductile metallic element

n. любительское one who engages in an art, science, study, or athletic activity as a pastime rather than as a profession

n. удивлению wonder; state of extreme surprise or wonder; astonishment

n. атмосферу particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

n. амбиции aspiration; a strong wish to achieve something

a. амбициозные aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement

a. амбивалентный mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings

n. иноходью moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely

n. Поправка a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

n. вносит compensation for a loss or injury; recompense

n. удобства pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

a. любезный good-natured and likable; lovable; warmly friendly

a. дружественных exhibiting friendliness or goodwill; not quarrelsome

ad. среди in the middle of; among; surrounded by

n. боеприпасов military stores or provisions; articles used in weapons, as powder, balls, shot, shells

n. амнезия partial or total loss of memory, usually resulting from shock or illness

n. Сумма total of two or more quantities; aggregate; sum

a. достаточно more than enough in size or scope or capacity; relatively large

n. усиления addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

v. развлекаться occupy in an agreeable, pleasing, or entertaining fashion; cause laughter or be funny; delude or deceive

n. аналогии the similarity in some respects; comparison based on similarity

n. анализа study; investigation; the process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts

v. анализа diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

n. анархисты a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority

n. предка forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor

n. происхождения family descent; series or line of ancestors; lineage

v. якоря secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate

a. анекдотических having the character of an anecdote; of a short story of any interesting or humorous incidents

a. угловой sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner

a. анимационные having life or vigor or spirit; filled with activity; in the form of cartoon

n. анимация act of animating or giving life or spirit; state of being animate or alive

n. лодыжки the joint which connects the foot with the leg; tarsus

v. Приложение append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit

v. объявить herald; give out; proclaim; make known publicly

n. Объявления formal public statement; an act of making known publicly

n. диктора one who proclaims a message publicly

v. раздражать disturb, especially by minor irritations; irritate

a. ежегодного occurring or payable every year

ad. ежегодно yearly; each year; returning every year; year by year

n. аномалии irregularity; a person or something unusual; departure from the normal or common order

a. Аноним having no name; having an unknown or unacknowledged name

n. антагониста one who contends with another, especially in combat; an adversary; opponent

n. Гимн song of praise or patriotism; the song of devotion or loyalty

n. Антропология social science that studies origins and social relationships of human beings

v. предвидеть act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

n. ожидании something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence

v. заменять устаревшее make obsolete or old-fashioned

a. античный old; belonging to, made in, or typical of an earlier period

a. хотелось eager; keen; worried; uneasy, and apprehensive about an uncertain event or matter

v. извиниться beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something

n. извинения acknowledgment expressing regret or asking pardon for a fault or offense; explanation or excuse

a. очевидной capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to the eye

a. привлекательным attractive or interesting; charming

n. Приложение something appended or added

v. приветствую acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

n. устройство durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use

n. применение close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance

v. применяются exert; put into service; avail oneself to;

v. назначить designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

v. распределить distribute; allot; give out as one's portion or share

n. признательность recognition; taste; judgment or opinion, especially a favorable one

a. приближается impending; of the relatively near future; coming closer to another

n. ассигнований funding;  money set aside for a specific purpose

v. утвердить ratify; consider right or good; think or speak favorably of

ad. примерно very similarly; roughly

a. АСТ likely; precisely suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand

n. способности inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding

ad. точно in a competent, capable manner; in an apt or suitable manner

n. аквариум tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals

a. произвольной randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle

n. дуги the continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape

n. арка any part of a curved line

a. археологических related to or dealing with or devoted to archaeology

n. археология study of artifacts and relics of early humankind

n. архипелаг group of closely located islands

n. архитектор one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures

a. архитектурных of or about the art and science of architecture

n. архитектура art and science of designing and erecting buildings; buildings and other large structures

n. Архив public records; place where public records are kept

a. горячим displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

n. Арена a playing field where sports events take place; a large structure for open-air sports or entertainments

n. Ария operatic solo; a solo vocal piece with instrumental accompaniment

a. засушливых dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants

v. возникает come up from a lower to a higher position; come above the horizon; spring up; come into action

n. арифметических theory of numerical calculations

a. бронированные protected by armor; provided with a protective covering

n. оружие weapons considered collectively; official symbols of a family

n. аромат fragrance; scent; pleasant characteristic odor, as of a plant, spice, or food

a. ароматических fragrant or sweet-smelling; caused by fragrant odor

v. вызывают excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep

v. организовать put in proper order; dispose in the manner intended, or best suited for the purpose

n. Композиция composition; a plan for how something will happen

n. высокомерие overbearing pride; haughtiness; manifest feeling of personal superiority in rank, power, or estimation

n. артрит inflammation of a joint or joints

n. статьи essay; editorial; individual thing or element of a class

a. сформулировать expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language

a. искусственного made by humans; produced rather than natural.

n. артиллерия large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; army branch in use of large weapons

n. ремесленника manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to an artist

v. приписывают inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

n. аспект distinct feature or element in a problem

n. убийство act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; the murder of public figure by a surprise attack

v. собрать put together; bring or call together into a group or whole

n. сборка gathering; meeting; a group of persons gathered together for a common reason

v. оценки estimate  value; judge worth of something

n. оценки act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable

n. активов properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality

v. присвоить appoint; allot; point out authoritatively or exactly

n. назначение a task that was given to students; job; distribution; appointment

v. ассимилировать incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble

v. помощь give help or support to, especially as a subordinate

n. помощь help, especially money or resources that are given to people  

n. Помощник helper; a person who assists or helps someone else

v. ассоциированных connect or join together; combine

n. ассоциация connection, whether of persons or things; a union of persons in a company or society for some particular purpose

n. Ассортимент variety; collection containing a variety of sorts of things

n. предположения something taken for accepted as true without proof; taking over or taking possession of

n. обеспечения promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt

v. удивлять surprise someone very much; shock

a. удивительное very wonderful; of a nature to excite astonishment; surprising greatly

a. заблуждение away from the correct path or direction, either in a literal or in a figurative sense; wandering

n. астроном a physicist who studies astronomy

a. астрономические enormously large or extensive; relating to astronomy

n. астрономия branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

n. убежища place of refuge or shelter; protection

n. атеист nonbeliever; one who denies the existence of god

n. спортсмена a sportsman; one who contended for a prize in public games

n. Атлас a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables

n. атмосфера air; a mixture of gases that surrounds any planet

n. атома a tiny piece of anything; the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element

a. атомной of or relating to or comprising atoms; immeasurably small

v. придаем fasten; annex; be in contact with

n. вложения a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory

n. атаки offensive move; expression of strong criticism; hostile comment

n. достижения something, such as an accomplishment or achievement; achievement

n. посещаемости act of being present

n. сопутствующих aide; servant; accompanying; a person who participates in a meeting

n. внимание act or state of attending or heeding; application of the mind to any object of sense, representation, or thought

a. внимательный alert and watchful; considerate; thoughtful

n. чердак story or room directly below the roof of a building, especially a house;

n. адвокат lawyer; one who is appointed by another to act in his place or stead; proxy

v. привлечения draw to, or cause to tend to; engage or fix, as the mind, attention; invite or allure

n. привлечения appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts

v. атрибута relate to particular cause or source; ascribe; explain

n. атрибута essential quality; reputation; honor

a. звуковой perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear

v. Аудит examine, verify, or correct the financial accounts of

v. прослушивания take part in a trial performance; evaluate in a trial performance

n. аудитории area of theater or concert hall where the audience sits

n. шнек hand tool for boring holes; hollow drill used to take core samples of soil, ice

v. увеличить make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

a. Август impressive; majestic; inspiring awe or admiration

a. подлинные not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy

v. аутентификации prove genuine; establish authenticity of

n. автору beginner, former, or first mover of anything; creator; originator; one who composes or writes book or composer

n. власть jurisdiction; power to enforce laws, exact obedience, command, determine, or judge; government

v. разрешить empower; give permission for; sanction

a. автобиографической of or relating to a person's life or an account of a person's life

n. Автобиография biography or story written by yourself

a. автоматизированной mechanical; automatic; accomplished without the intervention of a human operator

a. автоматического mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control

n. автомобиль self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadway

a. автомобильной of or relating to motor vehicles; moving by itself; self-propelling

a. автономного self-governing; not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent

n. автономии independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

a. вспомогательных helper, additional or subsidiary

n. лавина a great mass of falling snow and ice

n. авангард radically new or original; cutting edge

v. мстить take vengeance for something, or on behalf of someone

n. проспект way or opening for entrance or exit place; passage by which a place may be reached; broad street

a. Средний typical; mean; achieve or reach on average

n. отвращение firm dislike; turning away; avoidance of a thing, situation, or behavior because of dislike

v. предотвратить prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away

n. авиация art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics

a. Avid greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

n. любительский person's regular business or occupation; hobby or recreational or leisure pursuit

n. избежании keeping away from or preventing from happening

n. осведомленности realization; consciousness; having knowledge of

ad. неловко in an uncomfortable, nervous, or embarrassed way