4000 CPE Vocabulary List

applaud; announce with great approval

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

regarding human beings as the center of the universe

manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters

acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

greediness for wealth; the insatiable desire to gain

reluctant; disinclined; turned away or backward; unwilling

humiliate; lower or depress in rank or esteem

a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

utterly stupid or silly; inanely foolish

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

embarrass; make ashamed or uneasy; disconcert

renounce upon oath; abandon forever

gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

subside; decrease; become less in amount or intensity

comment; make explanatory notes

difficult to handle or manage

fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold

soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash; one of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, and ammonia

make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase

fill with horror and loathing; horrify; hate

shortening something by omitting parts of it

coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book

upward slope, as of hill

give up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw from, as a right or claim

cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to

pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

loss of speech due to injury or illness

cut off part of the body, especially by surgery; prune

abnormal;  markedly different from an accepted norm

aid, usually in doing something wrong; encourage

established procedure for solving problem

upward slope or grade; movement upward

wise saying; brief familiar proverb;  expression of popular wisdom

cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness

suspended action; temporary cessation or suspension

something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book

causing contraction; having the effect of drawing tissue together; stern or austere

fill with horror and loathing; horrify; hate

award of merit; expression of approval; praise

unselfishly generous; concerned for others

self-evident truth requiring no proof

contrast; direct contrast; opposition

renounce upon oath; abandon forever

having absolute, unchecked power; dictatorial

expecting absolute obedience; completely dominating another's will

entire horn, or any branch of the horn

be next to; be contiguous to; border on

burning; radiant; bright; keenly excited; resembling flame in brilliance or color

incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble

washing or cleansing of the body, especially as part of religious rite

manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to an artist

act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

very similarly; roughly

give up or surrender; deny something to oneself

act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable

solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse

repudiation; self-sacrifice; renouncing your own interests in favor of interests of others

attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge

pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

act of waiting; delay; stay or continuance in a place

cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb

cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness

easily approachable; warmly friendly

cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

state without proof; assert to be true

humiliate; lower or depress in rank or esteem

tree-dwelling; treelike; living in trees

something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

fasten; append; add on; secure to something

fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; the act of seizing or capturing; understanding

achievement; fulfillment; something that is successful

one who is skeptical of the existence of a god or any ultimate reality

detestable; extremely unpleasant; very bad

having properties of vinegar; sour

one who aspires, as to advancement, honors, or a high position

achieve or accomplish; gain

scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something

being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native

highest point; vertex; summit; climax

loss of speech due to injury or illness

support; active pleading on behalf of something

unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless

act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

be full of; be plentiful

a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

air; a mixture of gases that surrounds any planet

in the manner of an uncle, about uncle; kind, genial, benevolent, or tolerant

active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

wear away by friction; scrape; erode

of or relating to hearing, the organs of hearing, or the sense of hearing

cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness

scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something

worsen; make worse or more troublesome

a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

study of artifacts and relics of early humankind

condense; shorten; reduce length of written text

expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances

slightly sour in taste or manner; sharp; caustic

abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority

coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

increase the scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation

broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

being in debt; unpaid, overdue debt or an unfulfilled obligation

manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance

attractive or interesting; charming

support; active pleading on behalf of something

act of awaking from sleep; arousing from what is like sleep

secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated

leave quickly and secretly and hide oneself, often to avoid arrest or prosecution

worsen; make worse or more troublesome

state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes, such as love and hate

clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention

expression of warm approval; praise

refrain; hold oneself back voluntarily from an action or practice

apply oil or similar substance to; put oil on during religious ceremony as a sign of sanctification or consecration.

activity taken up in addition to one's regular work or profession, usually for enjoyment

repudiation; self-sacrifice; renouncing your own interests in favor of interests of others

muddle; drive crazy; become confused

causing contraction; having the effect of drawing tissue together; stern or austere

sparing or moderation in eating and drinking; temperate

opening; diameter of such an opening; hole

obscure; profound; difficult to understand

wear away by friction; scrape; erode

act or state of attending or heeding; application of the mind to any object of sense, representation, or thought

pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants

utterly stupid or silly; inanely foolish

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

plentiful; possessing riches or resources

an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something

the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing death or severe symptoms; suffocate

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

outcome; consequence, especially of a disaster or misfortune

achieve or accomplish; gain

border upon; adjoin; touch or end at one end or side; lie adjacent

bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad

a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

indirect reference; symbolical reference or comparison; metaphor

causing contraction; having the effect of drawing tissue together; stern or austere

a place where different tree varieties are exhibited

expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

fear of heights; abnormal fear of high places

a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

opening; diameter of such an opening; hole

agree; give consent, often at the insistence of another; concede

able to pay for

embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

untrue; of questionable authorship or authenticity; erroneous; fictitious

emphasize; stress; pronounce with stress or accent; mark with an accent

cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to

amazed; very surprised

unselfishly generous; concerned for others

book of literary selections by various authors

the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

activity taken up in addition to one's regular work or profession, usually for enjoyment

additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item

serving as aid or accessory; auxiliary

attendant; appearing or going with someone or something else

leading a life of self-discipline and self-denial; austere

secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated

applaud; announce with great approval

sickness;a slight but often persistent illness

cut off part of the body, especially by surgery; prune

unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless

accustom or become accustomed to a new environment or situation; adapt

acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use

change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

upward slope, as of hill

a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory

a heavy block of iron or steel with a smooth, flat top on which metals are shaped by hammering

the letdown in thought or emotion; decline viewed in disappointing contrast with the previous rise

award of merit; expression of approval; praise

act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

be full of; be plentiful

expecting absolute obedience; completely dominating another's will

deep gully; a dry gulch; brook or creek; watercourse

act of accompanying someone or something

attendant; appearing or going with someone or something else

consisting of, relating to, or being in the water

displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

excessive flattery or admiration; unmerited praise

attractive or interesting; charming

washing or cleansing of the body, especially as part of religious rite

achievement; fulfillment; something that is successful

act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

ease or lessen pain; satisfy or appease

a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard

approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with demand or request

change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with demand or request

greediness for wealth; the insatiable desire to gain

a place where bees and beehives are kept, especially where bees are raised for their honey

clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

equip; provide with military equipment

good-natured and likable; lovable; warmly friendly

strikingly appropriate and relevant; well-suited

an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something

authorize; commission; give credit for

embarrass; make ashamed or uneasy; disconcert

destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

easily approachable; warmly friendly

detestable; extremely unpleasant; very bad

bitter and sharp in language, tone, or manner

growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion

increase, accumulate, or come about as a result of growth; accumulate over time

self-governing; not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent

the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

plentiful; possessing riches or resources

hand tool for boring holes; hollow drill used to take core samples of soil, ice

pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

aspiration; a strong wish to achieve something

attended by favorable circumstances; marked by success; prosperous

warn; counsel someone against something to be avoided

blame; say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

refrain; hold oneself back voluntarily from an action or practice

attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

in a way that causes something to be certain; undoubtedly

flexible; becoming or being made suitable to a particular situation or use

excessive flattery or admiration; unmerited praise

the bitterness of speech and temper; sourness or acidness of taste, character, or tone

capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance

having properties of vinegar; sour

support; active pleading on behalf of something

a place where different tree varieties are exhibited

slightly sour in taste or manner; sharp; caustic

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

having absolute, unchecked power; dictatorial

providing nourishment; concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion

broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

give hint or indication of something; disclose partially or guardedly; overshadow; shade

fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup; a cone-shaped piece of wood

instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink

science of sound; the quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in

refer casually or indirectly, or by suggestion

manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters

the continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape

of or relating to hearing, the organs of hearing, or the sense of hearing

sky blue; light purplish-blue

be earlier in time; go back further

assent; agree without protesting

roof-like cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind

act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

large cage, building, or enclosure in which birds are reared or kept

embarrass; make ashamed or uneasy; disconcert

appeal to or entreat earnestly; command or enjoin solemnly, as under oath

unpleasantly sharp or bitter to taste or smell; bitterly pungent

free of artificiality; natural; open and honest

cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness

bitter and sharp in language, tone, or manner

being in debt; unpaid, overdue debt or an unfulfilled obligation

put into motion or action; activate

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse

an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something

something, such as an accomplishment or achievement; achievement

in or into a high place; high or higher up

able to pay for

fear of heights; abnormal fear of high places

inherited or inheritable by established rules

having absolute, unchecked power; dictatorial

open declaration; frank acknowledgment

arsenal; a place where arms are manufactured

calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics

a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

put into motion or action; activate

sparing or moderation in eating and drinking; temperate

a way of considering or doing something

confederate; partner; collaborator

leading a life of self-discipline and self-denial; austere

sharpness; acuteness of vision or perception; keenness

greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

family descent; series or line of ancestors; lineage

solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse

help, especially money or resources that are given to people

mental keenness; quickness of perception

combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

causing contraction; having the effect of drawing tissue together; stern or austere

addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

wise saying; brief familiar proverb;  expression of popular wisdom

biography or story written by yourself

amazed; very surprised

flexible; becoming or being made suitable to a particular situation or use

a passage from one form or state to another; change

fragrant or sweet-smelling; caused by fragrant odor

sky blue; light purplish-blue

help, especially money or resources that are given to people

something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book

the letdown in thought or emotion; decline viewed in disappointing contrast with the previous rise

cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to

positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath

upward slope or grade; movement upward

attended by favorable circumstances; marked by success; prosperous

fragrant or sweet-smelling; caused by fragrant odor

the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

something you cannot stop taking once you have started

unselfishly generous; concerned for others

act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable

gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

elevation to godhood; fact or action of becoming a god; an ideal example of something

muddle; drive crazy; become confused

expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

prove genuine; establish authenticity of

sharpness; acuteness of vision or perception; keenness

preventing infection; having cleansing effect

text character used to mark the possessive or to show the omission of letters or numbers

a person who adheres; one who follows or upholds a leader, party, cause

highest point; vertex; summit; climax

annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year

blame; say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

suggestion without proof that someone has done something wrong

an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something

adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

act of being present

be next to; be contiguous to; border on

appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts

positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath

sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner

providing nourishment; concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion

destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

hear and settle a case by judicial procedure

comparable; similar or alike

something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

appealing; pleasing; inviting; tempting

increase the scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation

assign; distribute according to plan

state something as true; assert; confirm

state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty

appeal to or entreat earnestly; command or enjoin solemnly, as under oath

change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

shortening something by omitting parts of it

be broadcast on television or radio

agree; give consent, often at the insistence of another; concede

accidental; casual; not inherent but added extrinsically

warn; counsel someone against something to be avoided

sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner

something you cannot stop taking once you have started

fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup; a cone-shaped piece of wood

scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something

assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance

clay; brick; sun-dried brick; structure built with this type of brick

friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations

appealing; pleasing; inviting; tempting

a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity

manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance

anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

strict or severe in the discipline; severely simple and unornamented

gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

analyze; evaluate; examine by trial or experiment; put to the test

accept; take on; raise; take into one's family

clay; brick; sun-dried brick; structure built with this type of brick

apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote

aspiration; a strong wish to achieve something

hand tool for boring holes; hollow drill used to take core samples of soil, ice

act of accepting with approval

act of playing honor to a divine being; worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god

something appended to or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it

appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts

elevation to godhood; fact or action of becoming a god; an ideal example of something

good-natured and likable; lovable; warmly friendly

inherited or inheritable by established rules

deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing death or severe symptoms; suffocate

enhance or decorate with or as if with ornaments

designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

cut off part of the body, especially by surgery; prune

embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

mental keenness; quickness of perception

independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

skillful and adept under pressing conditions

a gradual decrease in numbers; reduction in the workforce without firing employees; wearing away through harassment

roof-like cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind

change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

excessive flattery or admiration; unmerited praise

abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth

branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances

serving to reduce sensibility to pain without loss of consciousness

give hint or indication of something; disclose partially or guardedly; overshadow; shade

addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

muddle; drive crazy; become confused

gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

a passage from one form or state to another; change

coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings

fit for growing crops, as by plowing

clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

comment; make explanatory notes

accidental; casual; not inherent but added extrinsically

displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel; transverse bar connecting the opposite wheels

cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness

the sharpness of temper; roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate

support; active pleading on behalf of something

positive; affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory

nest of a bird, such as an eagle, built on a cliff or other high place

a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity

inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

easily approachable; warmly friendly

demanding great effort or labor; difficult

being in debt; unpaid, overdue debt or an unfulfilled obligation

the highest point; point in an orbit most distant from the body being orbited

be earlier in time; go back further

associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another

ease or lessen pain; satisfy or appease

aid, usually in doing something wrong; encourage

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

a place where bees and beehives are kept, especially where bees are raised for their honey

natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

state something as true; assert; confirm

candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job

a place where bees and beehives are kept, especially where bees are raised for their honey

astonish; affect with wonder

turned or twisted toward one side; at an angle

refrain; hold oneself back voluntarily from an action or practice

positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath

providing nourishment; concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion

aid, usually in doing something wrong; encourage

unselfishly generous; concerned for others

any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms

fasten; append; add on; secure to something

cause or condition of pain, suffering, or distress

something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

officially charge someone in a court of law

being in debt; unpaid, overdue debt or an unfulfilled obligation

aide; servant; accompanying; a person who participates in a meeting

abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth

a fleet of warships; a large group of moving things

humiliate; lower or depress in rank or esteem

displaying characteristics of previous cultural era or previous ancestral form

declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly

able to pay for

arsenal; a place where arms are manufactured

in or into a high place; high or higher up

insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect

easily approachable; warmly friendly

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

outcome; consequence, especially of a disaster or misfortune

a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard

capable of knowing; conscious; relating to the faculty of apprehension; sensible or perceptive

refer casually or indirectly, or by suggestion

resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents; deformity returning after the passage of two or more generations

entire horn, or any branch of the horn

name; title; the act of naming; the act of appealing for aid, sympathy

collection; heap; act or process of gathering into a mass

moved by sexual love; loving

increase the scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation

enhance or decorate with or as if with ornaments

the letdown in thought or emotion; decline viewed in disappointing contrast with the previous rise

worsen; make worse or more troublesome

destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to

express agreement to what is alleged or proposed; accept

nest of a bird, such as an eagle, built on a cliff or other high place

gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

in or into a high place; high or higher up

large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible

biography or story written by yourself

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

bitter and sharp in language, tone, or manner

ease or lessen pain; satisfy or appease

art of training by athletic exercises; games and sports of athletes

strong feeling of aversion; dislike

struck by shock, terror, or amazement

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

emphasize; stress; pronounce with stress or accent; mark with an accent

inform; give notice to; make aware

reluctant; disinclined; turned away or backward; unwilling

gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants

cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb

free of artificiality; natural; open and honest

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

officially charge someone in a court of law

a gradual decrease in numbers; reduction in the workforce without firing employees; wearing away through harassment

capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance

one who is skeptical of the existence of a god or any ultimate reality

inherited or inheritable by established rules

depress or discourage with fear; grow faint or become weak

attended by favorable circumstances; marked by success; prosperous

annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year

having properties of vinegar; sour

pertaining to land or its cultivation; relating to agricultural or rural matters

sickness;a slight but often persistent illness

hand tool for boring holes; hollow drill used to take core samples of soil, ice

incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble

assign; distribute according to plan

able to live both on land and in water

be broadcast on television or radio

help, especially money or resources that are given to people

a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority

unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless

aloft; flying; in the air

the highest point; point in an orbit most distant from the body being orbited

self-evident truth requiring no proof

source of relaxation or comfort; medicine that relieves pain

applaud; announce with great approval

self-governing; not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent

cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness

adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming

a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

wear away by friction; scrape; erode

designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

responsive to advise or suggestion; responsible to a higher authority; willing to comply with; agreeable

nook; small, recessed section of a room

ease or lessen pain; satisfy or appease

established procedure for solving problem

assign; distribute according to plan

into separate parts or pieces; apart

a heavy block of iron or steel with a smooth, flat top on which metals are shaped by hammering

arrangement; association; alliance

assault; attack with or as if with violent blows

turned or twisted toward one side; at an angle

poise; self-confident assurance

outcome; consequence, especially of a disaster or misfortune

providing nourishment; concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion

be full of; be plentiful

soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash; one of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, and ammonia

flexible; becoming or being made suitable to a particular situation or use

the bitterness of speech and temper; sourness or acidness of taste, character, or tone

make or become better; improve; grow better

turned or twisted toward one side; at an angle

calm; pacify; reduce the intensity of; relieve

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

renounce upon oath; abandon forever

cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb

suggestion without proof that someone has done something wrong

embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

theory of numerical calculations

state without proof; assert to be true

cut off part of the body, especially by surgery; prune

a passage from one form or state to another; change

formless; lacking shape or definition

attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge

clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

applaud; announce with great approval

repetition of a beginning sound in poetry

inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

utterly stupid or silly; inanely foolish

expecting absolute obedience; completely dominating another's will

act or state of attending or heeding; application of the mind to any object of sense, representation, or thought

adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

assign; distribute according to plan

manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to an artist

assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

able to pay for

easily approachable; warmly friendly

make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

help, especially money or resources that are given to people

refer casually or indirectly, or by suggestion

attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

excessive flattery or admiration; unmerited praise

the term during which one learns a trade from a skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice

collect; gather for oneself, as for one's pleasure or profit

self-evident truth requiring no proof

one who aspires, as to advancement, honors, or a high position

temptation; enticement; any real or apparent good held forth or operating, as a motive to action

make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

emphasize; stress; pronounce with stress or accent; mark with an accent

indirect reference; symbolical reference or comparison; metaphor

attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect

confederate; partner; collaborator

state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty

make or declare void or invalid; reduce to nothing

in or into a high place; high or higher up

strict or severe in the discipline; severely simple and unornamented

struck by shock, terror, or amazement

additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item

displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

theory of numerical calculations

apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote

achieve or accomplish; gain

a passage from one form or state to another; change

humiliate; lower or depress in rank or esteem

science of sound; the quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in

manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to an artist

unselfishly generous; concerned for others

appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts

something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

something appended to or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it

combine; unite in one body; mix or alloy metal with mercury

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance

leave quickly and secretly and hide oneself, often to avoid arrest or prosecution

untrue; of questionable authorship or authenticity; erroneous; fictitious

collect; gather for oneself, as for one's pleasure or profit

awesome; astounding; surprising

state something as true; assert; confirm

sparing or moderation in eating and drinking; temperate

tree-dwelling; treelike; living in trees

natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

astonish; affect with wonder

with a sideways or indirect look; Turned to side, especially of eyes

act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable

awesome; astounding; surprising

border upon; adjoin; touch or end at one end or side; lie adjacent

having aversion or lack of concern for political affairs

any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms

capable of using either hand with equal ease

renounce upon oath; abandon forever

acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

hear and settle a case by judicial procedure

fasten; append; add on; secure to something

state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty

accustom or become accustomed to a new environment or situation; adapt

amazed; very surprised

unclear or doubtful in meaning

biography or story written by yourself

curved or hooked like an eagle's beak

outcome; consequence, especially of a disaster or misfortune

declare openly; acknowledge openly, boldly, and unashamedly

aspiration; a strong wish to achieve something

the sharpness of temper; roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement

upward slope or grade; movement upward

denying existence of God; godless

unclear or doubtful in meaning

manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to an artist

state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes, such as love and hate

skillful and adept under pressing conditions

something you cannot stop taking once you have started

greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

sign of something coming; art or practice of foretelling events by signs or omens

mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings

moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely

embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming

causing contraction; having the effect of drawing tissue together; stern or austere

renounce upon oath; abandon forever

able to walk; formed or adapted for walking; not stationary

the term during which one learns a trade from a skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice

a place where different tree varieties are exhibited

dictator; ruler having unlimited power

make or become better; improve; grow better

humiliate; lower or depress in rank or esteem

appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts

responsive to advise or suggestion; responsible to a higher authority; willing to comply with; agreeable

be broadcast on television or radio

oval building with tiers of seats from central open space or arena

help, especially money or resources that are given to people

pertaining to land or its cultivation; relating to agricultural or rural matters

convenient for use or disposal; not busy, free; obtainable; accessible

change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

something you cannot stop taking once you have started

a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

prototype; original model or type after which other similar things are patterned

slightly sour in taste or manner; sharp; caustic

convenient features; courtesies

embarrass; make ashamed or uneasy; disconcert

able to live both on land and in water

designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something

wise saying; brief familiar proverb;  expression of popular wisdom

pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

definition or concise statement of principle; tersely phrased statement of truth or opinion

good-natured and likable; lovable; warmly friendly

antiquated; extremely old and ancient; belonging to very ancient times

assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

nook; small, recessed section of a room

friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations

make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase

act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable

exhibiting friendliness or goodwill; not quarrelsome

preceding events or circumstances that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background

friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations

gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

upward slope, as of hill

applaud; announce with great approval

gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

moved by sexual love; loving

having properties of vinegar; sour

formless; lacking shape or definition

in a way that causes something to be certain; undoubtedly

insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect

beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something

attendant; appearing or going with someone or something else

destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

able to live both on land and in water

declare openly; acknowledge openly, boldly, and unashamedly

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

oval building with tiers of seats from central open space or arena

offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

act of being present

addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

arrangement; association; alliance

wise saying; brief familiar proverb;  expression of popular wisdom

equip; provide with military equipment

a place where bees and beehives are kept, especially where bees are raised for their honey

broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase

scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something

characteristic of dawn; dawning, eastern, like a new beginning; relating to the atmospheric phenomenon auroras

additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item

act of playing honor to a divine being; worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god

cut off part of the body, especially by surgery; prune

self-governing; not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

the term during which one learns a trade from a skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice

having time error in the story; erroneous in date; in the wrong time

eye defect that prevents proper focus

serving to reduce sensibility to pain without loss of consciousness

be broadcast on television or radio

be full of; be plentiful

hand tool for boring holes; hollow drill used to take core samples of soil, ice

comparable; similar or alike

hear and settle a case by judicial procedure

pertaining to land or its cultivation; relating to agricultural or rural matters

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

the sharpness of temper; roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate

name; title; the act of naming; the act of appealing for aid, sympathy

any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms

being in debt; unpaid, overdue debt or an unfulfilled obligation

estimate  value; judge worth of something

a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority

a gradual decrease in numbers; reduction in the workforce without firing employees; wearing away through harassment

something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book

condense; shorten; reduce length of written text

solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse

arrangement; association; alliance

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

highest point; vertex; summit; climax

name; title; the act of naming; the act of appealing for aid, sympathy

inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

roof-like cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind

embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

inherited or inheritable by established rules

attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge

family descent; series or line of ancestors; lineage

claim without justification; claim for oneself without the right

make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

serving as aid or accessory; auxiliary

accustom or become accustomed to a new environment or situation; adapt

experiencing extreme discomfort or discontent; feeling, expressing, or caused by anguish

a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard

unpleasantly sharp or bitter to taste or smell; bitterly pungent

area of theater or concert hall where the audience sits

good-natured and likable; lovable; warmly friendly

manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to an artist

difficult to handle or manage

sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner

ambition; something that you hope to achieve

the feeling of enmity or ill will; an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition

abnormal;  markedly different from an accepted norm

something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book

any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

having aversion or lack of concern for political affairs

a chronological record of the events of successive years

a heavy block of iron or steel with a smooth, flat top on which metals are shaped by hammering

pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel; transverse bar connecting the opposite wheels

append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit

the highest point; point in an orbit most distant from the body being orbited

secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated

beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something

serving as aid or accessory; auxiliary

increase, accumulate, or come about as a result of growth; accumulate over time

destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

comment; make explanatory notes

cut off part of the body, especially by surgery; prune

destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup; a cone-shaped piece of wood

blame; say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

bothersome; troublesome; irritating

a fleet of warships; a large group of moving things

annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year

refer casually or indirectly, or by suggestion

responsive to advise or suggestion; responsible to a higher authority; willing to comply with; agreeable

free of artificiality; natural; open and honest

contrast; direct contrast; opposition

make or declare void or invalid; reduce to nothing

growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion

in the manner of an uncle, about uncle; kind, genial, benevolent, or tolerant

sign of something coming; art or practice of foretelling events by signs or omens

in a way that causes something to be certain; undoubtedly

be broadcast on television or radio

source of relaxation or comfort; medicine that relieves pain

apply oil or similar substance to; put oil on during religious ceremony as a sign of sanctification or consecration.

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

curved or hooked like an eagle's beak

fear of heights; abnormal fear of high places

deviating from normal or common order, form, or rule

equip; provide with military equipment

act of playing honor to a divine being; worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god

science of sound; the quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in

offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

a passage from one form or state to another; change

active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

lack of interest, or the attitude of not caring resulting from it; the indifference

precede; go before in time, and sometimes in place, rank, or logical order

study of artifacts and relics of early humankind

achievement; fulfillment; something that is successful

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

preceding events or circumstances that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background

turned or twisted toward one side; at an angle

one who is skeptical of the existence of a god or any ultimate reality

wasting away; decrease in size; reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease

cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

act of waiting; delay; stay or continuance in a place

be earlier in time; go back further

upward slope or grade; movement upward

act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

antiquated; extremely old and ancient; belonging to very ancient times

fragrant or sweet-smelling; caused by fragrant odor

manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance

book of literary selections by various authors

capable of knowing; conscious; relating to the faculty of apprehension; sensible or perceptive

sign of something coming; art or practice of foretelling events by signs or omens

regarding human beings as the center of the universe

make or declare void or invalid; reduce to nothing

greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

sharpness; acuteness of vision or perception; keenness

manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance

dictator; ruler having unlimited power

demanding great effort or labor; difficult

the mechanism that imitates actions of humans

in or into a high place; high or higher up

self-governing; not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent

with reference or regard; in respect

having human form or characteristics

astonish; affect with wonder

assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly

any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms

act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity

subtle but base deception; trickery; cleverness or skill; ingenuity

temptation; enticement; any real or apparent good held forth or operating, as a motive to action

the letdown in thought or emotion; decline viewed in disappointing contrast with the previous rise

the sharpness of temper; roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate

change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

fragrant or sweet-smelling; caused by fragrant odor

assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

claim without justification; claim for oneself without the right

appealing; pleasing; inviting; tempting

strong feeling of aversion; dislike

beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something

hear and settle a case by judicial procedure

any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

cause or condition of pain, suffering, or distress

be next to; be contiguous to; border on

the outermost region of the sun's atmosphere; halo

contrast; direct contrast; opposition

the feeling of enmity or ill will; an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition

subside; decrease; become less in amount or intensity

providing nourishment; concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion

attended by favorable circumstances; marked by success; prosperous

entire horn, or any branch of the horn

coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

clay; brick; sun-dried brick; structure built with this type of brick

a heavy block of iron or steel with a smooth, flat top on which metals are shaped by hammering

leading a life of self-discipline and self-denial; austere

calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics

border upon; adjoin; touch or end at one end or side; lie adjacent

feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent

warn; counsel someone against something to be avoided

lack of interest, or the attitude of not caring resulting from it; the indifference

a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation

a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard

give up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw from, as a right or claim

alcoholic beverage taken before a meal as an appetizer

repetition of a beginning sound in poetry

upward slope or grade; movement upward

capable of using either hand with equal ease

washing or cleansing of the body, especially as part of religious rite

displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing death or severe symptoms; suffocate

opening; diameter of such an opening; hole

shortening something by omitting parts of it

cut off part of the body, especially by surgery; prune

attractive or interesting; charming

highest point; vertex; summit; climax

positive; affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory

loss of speech due to injury or illness

cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb

make or declare void or invalid; reduce to nothing

definition or concise statement of principle; tersely phrased statement of truth or opinion

indirect reference; symbolical reference or comparison; metaphor

in or into a high place; high or higher up

science of sound; the quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in

strong feeling of aversion; dislike

science of sound; the quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in

book of literary selections by various authors

a place where bees and beehives are kept, especially where bees are raised for their honey

cut off part of the body, especially by surgery; prune

poise; self-confident assurance

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

having aversion or lack of concern for political affairs

mental keenness; quickness of perception

study of artifacts and relics of early humankind

assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

untrue; of questionable authorship or authenticity; erroneous; fictitious

a physicist who studies astronomy

offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

refrain; hold oneself back voluntarily from an action or practice

the highest point; point in an orbit most distant from the body being orbited

solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse

a chronological record of the events of successive years

inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

having aversion or lack of concern for political affairs

offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

serving to reduce sensibility to pain without loss of consciousness

a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation

a place where bees and beehives are kept, especially where bees are raised for their honey

a gradual decrease in numbers; reduction in the workforce without firing employees; wearing away through harassment

strict or severe in the discipline; severely simple and unornamented

ease or lessen pain; satisfy or appease

a person who argues in defense or justification of something, such as doctrine, policy, or institution

beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something

amazed; very surprised

experiencing extreme discomfort or discontent; feeling, expressing, or caused by anguish

wasting away; decrease in size; reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease

one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs

open declaration; frank acknowledgment

manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to an artist

abnormal;  markedly different from an accepted norm

text character used to mark the possessive or to show the omission of letters or numbers

appeal to or entreat earnestly; command or enjoin solemnly, as under oath

broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

formless; lacking shape or definition

oval building with tiers of seats from central open space or arena

a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

elevation to godhood; fact or action of becoming a god; an ideal example of something

addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

bothersome; troublesome; irritating

depress or discourage with fear; grow faint or become weak

friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations

assault; attack with or as if with violent blows

put into motion or action; activate

instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink

fear of heights; abnormal fear of high places

ghostly figure; sudden or unusual sight; appearance; state of being visible

attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge

calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics

burning; radiant; bright; keenly excited; resembling flame in brilliance or color

give hint or indication of something; disclose partially or guardedly; overshadow; shade

combine; unite in one body; mix or alloy metal with mercury

emphasize; stress; pronounce with stress or accent; mark with an accent

increase the scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation

attractive or interesting; charming

antiquated; extremely old and ancient; belonging to very ancient times

entire horn, or any branch of the horn

name; title; the act of naming; the act of appealing for aid, sympathy

loss of speech due to injury or illness

make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

attach; add as supplement or appendix

assent; agree without protesting

embarrass; make ashamed or uneasy; disconcert

something appended to or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it

a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

mental keenness; quickness of perception

fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; the act of seizing or capturing; understanding

blame; say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

open declaration; frank acknowledgment

manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters

instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink

hereditary nobility; privileged class

eye defect that prevents proper focus

acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

accustom or become accustomed to a new environment or situation; adapt

air; a mixture of gases that surrounds any planet

state without proof; assert to be true

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance

the letdown in thought or emotion; decline viewed in disappointing contrast with the previous rise

candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job

incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble

blame; say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard

close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance

no longer current or applicable; antiquated

obscure; profound; difficult to understand

calm; pacify; reduce the intensity of; relieve

designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

positive; affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory

soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash; one of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, and ammonia

pertaining to land or its cultivation; relating to agricultural or rural matters

strikingly appropriate and relevant; well-suited

roof-like cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind

astonish; affect with wonder

expression of warm approval; praise

assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

in or into a high place; high or higher up

something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

science of sound; the quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in

comparable; similar or alike

estimate value of; evaluate, especially in an official capacity

enhance or decorate with or as if with ornaments

essential quality; reputation; honor

independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

equip; provide with military equipment

large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase

give hint or indication of something; disclose partially or guardedly; overshadow; shade

clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

renounce upon oath; abandon forever

expression of warm approval; praise

fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; the act of seizing or capturing; understanding

suspended action; temporary cessation or suspension

accept; take on; raise; take into one's family

capable of knowing; conscious; relating to the faculty of apprehension; sensible or perceptive

append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit

authorize; commission; give credit for

a chronological record of the events of successive years

the term during which one learns a trade from a skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice

award of merit; expression of approval; praise

attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

inform; give notice to; make aware

roof-like cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind

formless; lacking shape or definition

ash-colored; very pale; consisting of ashes

authorize; commission; give credit for

a way of considering or doing something

expression of warm approval; praise

embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

providing nourishment; concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion

medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming

highest point; vertex; summit; climax