4000 CPE Vocabulary List

cause or condition of pain, suffering, or distress

manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters

gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

strikingly appropriate and relevant; well-suited

humiliate; lower or depress in rank or esteem

estimate  value; judge worth of something

essential quality; reputation; honor

preventing infection; having cleansing effect

fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold

embarrass; make ashamed or uneasy; disconcert

serving to reduce sensibility to pain without loss of consciousness

easily approachable; warmly friendly

displaying characteristics of previous cultural era or previous ancestral form

subside; decrease; become less in amount or intensity

wear away by friction; scrape; erode

calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics

state something as true; assert; confirm

unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless

make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase

inherited or inheritable by established rules

act of accompanying someone or something

annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year

shortening something by omitting parts of it

ambition; something that you hope to achieve

an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something

insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect

act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

give up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw from, as a right or claim

greediness for wealth; the insatiable desire to gain

expression of warm approval; praise

abnormal;  markedly different from an accepted norm

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

aid, usually in doing something wrong; encourage

sign of something coming; art or practice of foretelling events by signs or omens

definition or concise statement of principle; tersely phrased statement of truth or opinion

regarding human beings as the center of the universe

fill with horror and loathing; horrify; hate

aloft; flying; in the air

abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority

suspended action; temporary cessation or suspension

fill with horror and loathing; horrify; hate

something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book

a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity

able to pay for

be broadcast on television or radio

appeal to or entreat earnestly; command or enjoin solemnly, as under oath

cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness

renounce upon oath; abandon forever

cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness

with reference or regard; in respect

unclear or doubtful in meaning

burning; radiant; bright; keenly excited; resembling flame in brilliance or color

washing or cleansing of the body, especially as part of religious rite

indirect reference; symbolical reference or comparison; metaphor

designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

pertaining to land or its cultivation; relating to agricultural or rural matters

having time error in the story; erroneous in date; in the wrong time

be full of; be plentiful

manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters

give up or surrender; deny something to oneself

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

able to walk; formed or adapted for walking; not stationary

repudiation; self-sacrifice; renouncing your own interests in favor of interests of others

expecting absolute obedience; completely dominating another's will

inherited or inheritable by established rules

opening; diameter of such an opening; hole

demanding great effort or labor; difficult

act of waiting; delay; stay or continuance in a place

cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

turned or twisted toward one side; at an angle

an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something

renounce upon oath; abandon forever

weighting authority; peremptory and dictatorial

a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; the act of seizing or capturing; understanding

analyze; evaluate; examine by trial or experiment; put to the test

make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase

cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness

detestable; extremely unpleasant; very bad

difficult to handle or manage

one who is skeptical of the existence of a god or any ultimate reality

being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native

the feeling of enmity or ill will; an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition

unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless

arsenal; a place where arms are manufactured

a tiny piece of anything; the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element

be broadcast on television or radio

be full of; be plentiful

accidental; casual; not inherent but added extrinsically

moved by sexual love; loving

cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

sign of something coming; art or practice of foretelling events by signs or omens

refrain; hold oneself back voluntarily from an action or practice

wear away by friction; scrape; erode

any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something

humiliate; lower or depress in rank or esteem

having absolute, unchecked power; dictatorial

coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

a tiny piece of anything; the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element

condense; shorten; reduce length of written text

a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority

independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority

sharpness; acuteness of vision or perception; keenness

expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

utterly stupid or silly; inanely foolish

a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory

broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

repudiation; self-sacrifice; renouncing your own interests in favor of interests of others

wasting away; decrease in size; reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease

outcome; consequence, especially of a disaster or misfortune

leave quickly and secretly and hide oneself, often to avoid arrest or prosecution

move up or climb something; mount

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

nook; small, recessed section of a room

designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote

assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention

refrain; hold oneself back voluntarily from an action or practice

flexible; becoming or being made suitable to a particular situation or use

declare openly; acknowledge openly, boldly, and unashamedly

antiquated; extremely old and ancient; belonging to very ancient times

condense; shorten; reduce length of written text

sparing or moderation in eating and drinking; temperate

shortening something by omitting parts of it

positive; affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory

self-evident truth requiring no proof

obscure; profound; difficult to understand

anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

being in debt; unpaid, overdue debt or an unfulfilled obligation

consisting of, relating to, or being in the water

addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

humiliate; lower or depress in rank or esteem

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase

plentiful; possessing riches or resources

of or relating to hearing, the organs of hearing, or the sense of hearing

attended by favorable circumstances; marked by success; prosperous

dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

border upon; adjoin; touch or end at one end or side; lie adjacent

support; active pleading on behalf of something

bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad

achievement; fulfillment; something that is successful

in the manner of an uncle, about uncle; kind, genial, benevolent, or tolerant

a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation

tree-dwelling; treelike; living in trees

something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book

responsive to advise or suggestion; responsible to a higher authority; willing to comply with; agreeable

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance

agree; give consent, often at the insistence of another; concede

self-governing; not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent

strict or severe in the discipline; severely simple and unornamented

hereditary nobility; privileged class

pertaining to land or its cultivation; relating to agricultural or rural matters

emphasize; stress; pronounce with stress or accent; mark with an accent

the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

make or become better; improve; grow better

bitter and sharp in language, tone, or manner

additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item

a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard

apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote

acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use

act of waiting; delay; stay or continuance in a place

applaud; announce with great approval

solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse

providing nourishment; concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion

curved or hooked like an eagle's beak

accustom or become accustomed to a new environment or situation; adapt

act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable

the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

comment; make explanatory notes

give up or surrender; deny something to oneself

upward slope, as of hill

group of closely located islands

award of merit; expression of approval; praise

move up or climb something; mount

nest of a bird, such as an eagle, built on a cliff or other high place

displaying characteristics of previous cultural era or previous ancestral form

in a position that is turned toward one side; away from the correct course

act of accompanying someone or something

express agreement to what is alleged or proposed; accept

the highest point; point in an orbit most distant from the body being orbited

be earlier in time; go back further

attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

attendant; appearing or going with someone or something else

a fleet of warships; a large group of moving things

leave quickly and secretly and hide oneself, often to avoid arrest or prosecution

blame; say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

achievement; fulfillment; something that is successful

opening; diameter of such an opening; hole

a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard

suspended action; temporary cessation or suspension

ease or lessen pain; satisfy or appease

make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances

assault; attack with or as if with violent blows

approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with demand or request

give up or surrender; deny something to oneself

equip; provide with military equipment

mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings

affect with wonder; surprise; shock

a way of considering or doing something

make or become better; improve; grow better

into separate parts or pieces; apart

authorize; commission; give credit for

calm; pacify; reduce the intensity of; relieve

fasten; append; add on; secure to something

calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics

growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion

person with power to decide a dispute; judge

a person who adheres; one who follows or upholds a leader, party, cause

able to pay for

constant in application or attention; diligent; unceasing or persistent

increase, accumulate, or come about as a result of growth; accumulate over time

assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention

one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs

manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters

pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

blame; say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

act of playing honor to a divine being; worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god

act of waiting; delay; stay or continuance in a place

deviating from normal or common order, form, or rule

something appended to or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it

the bitterness of speech and temper; sourness or acidness of taste, character, or tone

manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to an artist

the feeling of enmity or ill will; an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition

candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

in a way that causes something to be certain; undoubtedly

having properties of vinegar; sour

wise saying; brief familiar proverb;  expression of popular wisdom

acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

the sharpness of temper; roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate

slightly sour in taste or manner; sharp; caustic

change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

able to live both on land and in water

fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup; a cone-shaped piece of wood

one who aspires, as to advancement, honors, or a high position

manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance

activity taken up in addition to one's regular work or profession, usually for enjoyment

loss of speech due to injury or illness

science of sound; the quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in

having absolute, unchecked power; dictatorial

assent; agree without protesting

detestable; extremely unpleasant; very bad

being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native

bitter and sharp in language, tone, or manner

large cage, building, or enclosure in which birds are reared or kept

act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

a place where different tree varieties are exhibited

positive; affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory

unpleasantly sharp or bitter to taste or smell; bitterly pungent

appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts

superiority or decisive advantage; domination

claim without justification; claim for oneself without the right

reluctant; disinclined; turned away or backward; unwilling

come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount

bitter and sharp in language, tone, or manner

an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something

active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority

gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

temptation; enticement; any real or apparent good held forth or operating, as a motive to action

attach; add as supplement or appendix

fear of heights; abnormal fear of high places

bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad

refrain; hold oneself back voluntarily from an action or practice

fasten; append; add on; secure to something

combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics

state without proof; assert to be true

appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts

entire horn, or any branch of the horn

put into motion or action; activate

prove genuine; establish authenticity of

unclear or doubtful in meaning

make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances

sharpness; acuteness of vision or perception; keenness

candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

mental keenness; quickness of perception

help, especially money or resources that are given to people

wise saying; brief familiar proverb;  expression of popular wisdom

ash-colored; very pale; consisting of ashes

text character used to mark the possessive or to show the omission of letters or numbers

in or into a high place; high or higher up

flexible; becoming or being made suitable to a particular situation or use

quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings

having human form or characteristics

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book

expression of warm approval; praise

give up or surrender; deny something to oneself

cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to

self-evident truth requiring no proof

give up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw from, as a right or claim

having absolute, unchecked power; dictatorial

having time error in the story; erroneous in date; in the wrong time

pertaining to land or its cultivation; relating to agricultural or rural matters

a place where different tree varieties are exhibited

something you cannot stop taking once you have started

refrain; hold oneself back voluntarily from an action or practice

mental keenness; quickness of perception

muddle; drive crazy; become confused

award of merit; expression of approval; praise

expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

prove genuine; establish authenticity of

worsen; make worse or more troublesome

being in debt; unpaid, overdue debt or an unfulfilled obligation

a person who adheres; one who follows or upholds a leader, party, cause

clay; brick; sun-dried brick; structure built with this type of brick

sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner

loss of speech due to injury or illness

adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics

act of being present

opening; diameter of such an opening; hole

additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item

be next to; be contiguous to; border on

greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

preceding events or circumstances that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background

prototype; original model or type after which other similar things are patterned

fill with horror and loathing; horrify; hate

broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase

hear and settle a case by judicial procedure

something appended to or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it

something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

increase the scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation

active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

appeal to or entreat earnestly; command or enjoin solemnly, as under oath

achieve or accomplish; gain

state something as true; assert; confirm

equip; provide with military equipment

indirect reference; symbolical reference or comparison; metaphor

combine; unite in one body; mix or alloy metal with mercury

change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

collect; gather for oneself, as for one's pleasure or profit

warn; counsel someone against something to be avoided

unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless

change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

appeal to or entreat earnestly; command or enjoin solemnly, as under oath

suspended action; temporary cessation or suspension

greediness for wealth; the insatiable desire to gain

gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

aide; servant; accompanying; a person who participates in a meeting

clay; brick; sun-dried brick; structure built with this type of brick

moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely

feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent

assent; agree without protesting

move up or climb something; mount

a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity

wise saying; brief familiar proverb;  expression of popular wisdom

accept; take on; raise; take into one's family

a place where different tree varieties are exhibited

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

sharpness; acuteness of vision or perception; keenness

act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable

plentiful; possessing riches or resources

achieve or accomplish; gain

act of accepting with approval

act of playing honor to a divine being; worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god

one who is skeptical of the existence of a god or any ultimate reality

art of training by athletic exercises; games and sports of athletes

anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

enhance or decorate with or as if with ornaments

gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

self-evident truth requiring no proof

close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance

make slender, fine, or small; weaken; lessen the density of

one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs

lack of interest, or the attitude of not caring resulting from it; the indifference

embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

skillful and adept under pressing conditions

entire horn, or any branch of the horn

accept; take on; raise; take into one's family

able to pay for

excessive flattery or admiration; unmerited praise

a heavy block of iron or steel with a smooth, flat top on which metals are shaped by hammering

state something as true; assert; confirm

awesome; astounding; surprising

affect with wonder; surprise; shock

additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item

make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances

the sharpness of temper; roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate

give hint or indication of something; disclose partially or guardedly; overshadow; shade

subside; decrease; become less in amount or intensity

independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

entire horn, or any branch of the horn

prototype; original model or type after which other similar things are patterned

a place where bees and beehives are kept, especially where bees are raised for their honey

coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

renounce upon oath; abandon forever

upward slope or grade; movement upward

accidental; casual; not inherent but added extrinsically

a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner

approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with demand or request

calm; pacify; reduce the intensity of; relieve

support; active pleading on behalf of something

sharpness; acuteness of vision or perception; keenness

nest of a bird, such as an eagle, built on a cliff or other high place

officially charge someone in a court of law

amazed; very surprised

something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

sky blue; light purplish-blue

nook; small, recessed section of a room

act of waiting; delay; stay or continuance in a place

easily approachable; warmly friendly

associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another

combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

assign; distribute according to plan

prove genuine; establish authenticity of

natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount

tree-dwelling; treelike; living in trees

state something as true; assert; confirm

abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority

active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

a fleet of warships; a large group of moving things

put into motion or action; activate

make slender, fine, or small; weaken; lessen the density of

positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath

the mechanism that imitates actions of humans

abnormal;  markedly different from an accepted norm

fasten; append; add on; secure to something

a physicist who studies astronomy

convenient features; courtesies

express agreement to what is alleged or proposed; accept

study of artifacts and relics of early humankind

affect with wonder; surprise; shock

cause or condition of pain, suffering, or distress

abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth

suggestion without proof that someone has done something wrong

source of relaxation or comfort; medicine that relieves pain

secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated

capable of using either hand with equal ease

able to pay for

serving to reduce sensibility to pain without loss of consciousness

offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect

experiencing extreme discomfort or discontent; feeling, expressing, or caused by anguish

acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use

bitter and sharp in language, tone, or manner

collection; heap; act or process of gathering into a mass

source of relaxation or comfort; medicine that relieves pain

outcome; consequence, especially of a disaster or misfortune

group of closely located islands

large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible

collection; heap; act or process of gathering into a mass

contrast; direct contrast; opposition

move up or climb something; mount

increase the scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation

officially charge someone in a court of law

self-governing; not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent

eye defect that prevents proper focus

additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item

worsen; make worse or more troublesome

make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

having absolute, unchecked power; dictatorial

associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another

sparing or moderation in eating and drinking; temperate

change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

collection; heap; act or process of gathering into a mass

a place where different tree varieties are exhibited

acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances

capable of knowing; conscious; relating to the faculty of apprehension; sensible or perceptive

struck by shock, terror, or amazement

abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth

unclear or doubtful in meaning

capable of knowing; conscious; relating to the faculty of apprehension; sensible or perceptive

be full of; be plentiful

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

air; a mixture of gases that surrounds any planet

cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb

act of accompanying someone or something

burning; radiant; bright; keenly excited; resembling flame in brilliance or color

a place where bees and beehives are kept, especially where bees are raised for their honey

anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

muddle; drive crazy; become confused

essential quality; reputation; honor

increase, accumulate, or come about as a result of growth; accumulate over time

weighting authority; peremptory and dictatorial

theory of numerical calculations

one who is skeptical of the existence of a god or any ultimate reality

strikingly appropriate and relevant; well-suited

having human form or characteristics

pertaining to land or its cultivation; relating to agricultural or rural matters

something appended to or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it

border upon; adjoin; touch or end at one end or side; lie adjacent

outcome; consequence, especially of a disaster or misfortune

sickness;a slight but often persistent illness

attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation

be broadcast on television or radio

prototype; original model or type after which other similar things are patterned

attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

something you cannot stop taking once you have started

declare to be true; affirm

oval building with tiers of seats from central open space or arena

aloft; flying; in the air

poise; self-confident assurance

greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness

abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority

medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming

agree; give consent, often at the insistence of another; concede

self-evident truth requiring no proof

give up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw from, as a right or claim

nook; small, recessed section of a room

hand tool for boring holes; hollow drill used to take core samples of soil, ice

be next to; be contiguous to; border on

abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth

easily approachable; warmly friendly

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

support; active pleading on behalf of something

established procedure for solving problem

arrangement; association; alliance

positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath

one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs

expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

opening; diameter of such an opening; hole

insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect

in the manner of an uncle, about uncle; kind, genial, benevolent, or tolerant

providing nourishment; concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion

acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use

insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect

confederate; partner; collaborator

soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash; one of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, and ammonia

give up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw from, as a right or claim

associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another

calm; pacify; reduce the intensity of; relieve

having aversion or lack of concern for political affairs

fear of heights; abnormal fear of high places

the feeling of enmity or ill will; an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition

suggestion without proof that someone has done something wrong

declare openly; acknowledge openly, boldly, and unashamedly

calm; pacify; reduce the intensity of; relieve

state without proof; assert to be true

estimate  value; judge worth of something

apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote

entire horn, or any branch of the horn

symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

brutal deed; atrocious condition, quality, or behavior; monstrousness

embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

estimate  value; judge worth of something

repetition of a beginning sound in poetry

constant in application or attention; diligent; unceasing or persistent

convenient features; courtesies

assign; distribute according to plan

act or state of attending or heeding; application of the mind to any object of sense, representation, or thought

a place where different tree varieties are exhibited

state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes, such as love and hate

put into motion or action; activate

combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

weighting authority; peremptory and dictatorial

condense; shorten; reduce length of written text

with a sideways or indirect look; Turned to side, especially of eyes

fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup; a cone-shaped piece of wood

difficult to handle or manage

refer casually or indirectly, or by suggestion

attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

very similarly; roughly

repetition of a beginning sound in poetry

a physicist who studies astronomy

a fleet of warships; a large group of moving things

act of accepting with approval

temptation; enticement; any real or apparent good held forth or operating, as a motive to action

a heavy block of iron or steel with a smooth, flat top on which metals are shaped by hammering

indirect reference; symbolical reference or comparison; metaphor

aid, usually in doing something wrong; encourage

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

aspiration; a strong wish to achieve something

appeal to or entreat earnestly; command or enjoin solemnly, as under oath

apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote

the highest point; point in an orbit most distant from the body being orbited

confederate; partner; collaborator

assign; distribute according to plan

in or into a high place; high or higher up

cut off part of the body, especially by surgery; prune

able to pay for

express agreement to what is alleged or proposed; accept

apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote

help, especially money or resources that are given to people

loss of speech due to injury or illness

active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

aide; servant; accompanying; a person who participates in a meeting

a passage from one form or state to another; change

appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts

capable of using either hand with equal ease

unselfishly generous; concerned for others

demanding great effort or labor; difficult

dictator; ruler having unlimited power

serving to reduce sensibility to pain without loss of consciousness

comparable; similar or alike

independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

combine; unite in one body; mix or alloy metal with mercury

the letdown in thought or emotion; decline viewed in disappointing contrast with the previous rise

oval building with tiers of seats from central open space or arena

state something as true; assert; confirm

collect; gather for oneself, as for one's pleasure or profit

experiencing extreme discomfort or discontent; feeling, expressing, or caused by anguish

fasten; append; add on; secure to something

being in debt; unpaid, overdue debt or an unfulfilled obligation

astonish; affect with wonder

hand tool for boring holes; hollow drill used to take core samples of soil, ice

loss of speech due to injury or illness

essential quality; reputation; honor

awesome; astounding; surprising

capable of using either hand with equal ease

with reference or regard; in respect

shortening something by omitting parts of it

state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty

attractive or interesting; charming

utterly stupid or silly; inanely foolish

manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

strikingly appropriate and relevant; well-suited

poise; self-confident assurance

make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty

unclear or doubtful in meaning

subside; decrease; become less in amount or intensity

a passage from one form or state to another; change

easily approachable; warmly friendly

close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance

aspiration; a strong wish to achieve something

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

with reference or regard; in respect

aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement

subtle but base deception; trickery; cleverness or skill; ingenuity

a tiny piece of anything; the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element

attended by favorable circumstances; marked by success; prosperous

act of being present

state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes, such as love and hate

strikingly appropriate and relevant; well-suited

a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings

prototype; original model or type after which other similar things are patterned

being in debt; unpaid, overdue debt or an unfulfilled obligation

brutal deed; atrocious condition, quality, or behavior; monstrousness

pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely

repetition of a beginning sound in poetry

with a sideways or indirect look; Turned to side, especially of eyes

able to walk; formed or adapted for walking; not stationary

ghostly figure; sudden or unusual sight; appearance; state of being visible

unpleasantly sharp or bitter to taste or smell; bitterly pungent

not normal; unusual or irregular; not representative of a group, class, or type

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

make or become better; improve; grow better

greediness for wealth; the insatiable desire to gain

large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible

gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

accept; take on; raise; take into one's family

responsive to advise or suggestion; responsible to a higher authority; willing to comply with; agreeable

awesome; astounding; surprising

repetition of a beginning sound in poetry

change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

suggestion without proof that someone has done something wrong

a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

demanding great effort or labor; difficult

astonish; affect with wonder

composition; a plan for how something will happen

insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect

fill with horror and loathing; horrify; hate

convenient features; courtesies

analyze; evaluate; examine by trial or experiment; put to the test

adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native

act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

good-natured and likable; lovable; warmly friendly

accidental; casual; not inherent but added extrinsically

self-governing; not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent

sky blue; light purplish-blue

accustom or become accustomed to a new environment or situation; adapt

exhibiting friendliness or goodwill; not quarrelsome

act of being present

friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations

detestable; extremely unpleasant; very bad

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

antiquated; extremely old and ancient; belonging to very ancient times

inform; give notice to; make aware

slightly sour in taste or manner; sharp; caustic

moved by sexual love; loving

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

state something as true; assert; confirm

depress or discourage with fear; grow faint or become weak

formless; lacking shape or definition

act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable

deviating from normal or common order, form, or rule

applaud; announce with great approval

able to live both on land and in water

state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes, such as love and hate

oval building with tiers of seats from central open space or arena

something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book

gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

flexible; becoming or being made suitable to a particular situation or use

comment; make explanatory notes

a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing death or severe symptoms; suffocate

addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

opening; diameter of such an opening; hole

broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase

natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

wise saying; brief familiar proverb;  expression of popular wisdom

skillful and adept under pressing conditions

dictator; ruler having unlimited power

cut off part of the body, especially by surgery; prune

abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority

study of artifacts and relics of early humankind

analyze; evaluate; examine by trial or experiment; put to the test

having time error in the story; erroneous in date; in the wrong time

providing nourishment; concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion

sharpness; acuteness of vision or perception; keenness

serving to reduce sensibility to pain without loss of consciousness

comment; make explanatory notes

estimate  value; judge worth of something

comparable; similar or alike

increase the scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation

incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble

deviating from normal or common order, form, or rule

natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

fragrant or sweet-smelling; caused by fragrant odor

name; title; the act of naming; the act of appealing for aid, sympathy

a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority

a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory

group of closely located islands

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

serving as aid or accessory; auxiliary

a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation

solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse

approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with demand or request

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

wise saying; brief familiar proverb;  expression of popular wisdom

renounce upon oath; abandon forever

capable of using either hand with equal ease

inherited or inheritable by established rules

convenient features; courtesies

annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year

addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

family descent; series or line of ancestors; lineage

deviating from normal or common order, form, or rule

inherited or inheritable by established rules

give up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw from, as a right or claim

mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings

symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

serving as aid or accessory; auxiliary

insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect

experiencing extreme discomfort or discontent; feeling, expressing, or caused by anguish

an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something

hear and settle a case by judicial procedure

cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness

opening; diameter of such an opening; hole

act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

make or declare void or invalid; reduce to nothing

sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner

good-natured and likable; lovable; warmly friendly

into separate parts or pieces; apart

change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

the feeling of enmity or ill will; an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition

a chronological record of the events of successive years

scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something

come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount

of or relating to hearing, the organs of hearing, or the sense of hearing

large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible

act of being present

append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit

elevation to godhood; fact or action of becoming a god; an ideal example of something

destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

abnormal;  markedly different from an accepted norm

plentiful; possessing riches or resources

composition; a plan for how something will happen

oval building with tiers of seats from central open space or arena

leave quickly and secretly and hide oneself, often to avoid arrest or prosecution

self-evident truth requiring no proof

comment; make explanatory notes

source of relaxation or comfort; medicine that relieves pain

bothersome; troublesome; irritating

consisting of, relating to, or being in the water

plentiful; possessing riches or resources

annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year

make or become better; improve; grow better

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

composition; a plan for how something will happen

destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

turned or twisted toward one side; at an angle

scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something

make or declare void or invalid; reduce to nothing

source of relaxation or comfort; medicine that relieves pain

prove genuine; establish authenticity of

the outermost region of the sun's atmosphere; halo

hereditary nobility; privileged class

independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

study of artifacts and relics of early humankind

apply oil or similar substance to; put oil on during religious ceremony as a sign of sanctification or consecration.

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

apply oil or similar substance to; put oil on during religious ceremony as a sign of sanctification or consecration.

displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

deviating from normal or common order, form, or rule

ash-colored; very pale; consisting of ashes

active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

nook; small, recessed section of a room

clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

inherited or inheritable by established rules

able to walk; formed or adapted for walking; not stationary

precede; go before in time, and sometimes in place, rank, or logical order

inform; give notice to; make aware

calm; pacify; reduce the intensity of; relieve

preceding events or circumstances that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background

leading a life of self-discipline and self-denial; austere

acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

fear of heights; abnormal fear of high places

declare to be true; affirm

formless; lacking shape or definition

be earlier in time; go back further

antiquated; extremely old and ancient; belonging to very ancient times

having absolute, unchecked power; dictatorial

pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless

book of literary selections by various authors

offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

comparable; similar or alike

detestable; extremely unpleasant; very bad

regarding human beings as the center of the universe

warn; counsel someone against something to be avoided

displaying characteristics of previous cultural era or previous ancestral form

an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something

manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance

dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants

preceding events or circumstances that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background

having human form or characteristics

regarding human beings as the center of the universe

act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable

expression of warm approval; praise

make or become better; improve; grow better

any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms

the mechanism that imitates actions of humans

scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something

act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion

act of accepting with approval

inform; give notice to; make aware

not normal; unusual or irregular; not representative of a group, class, or type

upward slope, as of hill

the letdown in thought or emotion; decline viewed in disappointing contrast with the previous rise

hereditary nobility; privileged class

obscure; profound; difficult to understand

essential quality; reputation; honor

outcome; consequence, especially of a disaster or misfortune

strong feeling of aversion; dislike

authorize; commission; give credit for

any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

free of artificiality; natural; open and honest

solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse

preceding events or circumstances that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background

untrue; of questionable authorship or authenticity; erroneous; fictitious

change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

contrast; direct contrast; opposition

entire horn, or any branch of the horn

hear and settle a case by judicial procedure

cause or condition of pain, suffering, or distress

unselfishly generous; concerned for others

act of waiting; delay; stay or continuance in a place

able to pay for

a heavy block of iron or steel with a smooth, flat top on which metals are shaped by hammering

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation

additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item

a physicist who studies astronomy

feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent

lack of interest, or the attitude of not caring resulting from it; the indifference

the term during which one learns a trade from a skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice

biography or story written by yourself

any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job

alcoholic beverage taken before a meal as an appetizer

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

opening; diameter of such an opening; hole

indirect reference; symbolical reference or comparison; metaphor

combine; unite in one body; mix or alloy metal with mercury

detestable; extremely unpleasant; very bad

authorize; commission; give credit for

highest point; vertex; summit; climax

aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement

a tiny piece of anything; the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element

loss of speech due to injury or illness

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

area of theater or concert hall where the audience sits

definition or concise statement of principle; tersely phrased statement of truth or opinion

oval building with tiers of seats from central open space or arena

easily approachable; warmly friendly

depress or discourage with fear; grow faint or become weak

be earlier in time; go back further

a place where bees and beehives are kept, especially where bees are raised for their honey

roof-like cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind

a chronological record of the events of successive years

poise; self-confident assurance

warn; counsel someone against something to be avoided

suspended action; temporary cessation or suspension

sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner

roof-like cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind

one who aspires, as to advancement, honors, or a high position

untrue; of questionable authorship or authenticity; erroneous; fictitious

state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty

suggestion without proof that someone has done something wrong

air; a mixture of gases that surrounds any planet

the highest point; point in an orbit most distant from the body being orbited

calm; pacify; reduce the intensity of; relieve

depress or discourage with fear; grow faint or become weak

nest of a bird, such as an eagle, built on a cliff or other high place

having aversion or lack of concern for political affairs

family descent; series or line of ancestors; lineage

approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with demand or request

offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

loss of speech due to injury or illness

a tiny piece of anything; the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element

renounce upon oath; abandon forever

manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance

theory of numerical calculations

a person who argues in defense or justification of something, such as doctrine, policy, or institution

beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something

a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard

highest point; vertex; summit; climax

gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

person with power to decide a dispute; judge

worsen; make worse or more troublesome

large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible

one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs

a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory

utterly stupid or silly; inanely foolish

text character used to mark the possessive or to show the omission of letters or numbers

very similarly; roughly

washing or cleansing of the body, especially as part of religious rite

ghostly figure; sudden or unusual sight; appearance; state of being visible

elevation to godhood; fact or action of becoming a god; an ideal example of something

a place where bees and beehives are kept, especially where bees are raised for their honey

name; title; the act of naming; the act of appealing for aid, sympathy

depress or discourage with fear; grow faint or become weak

act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

highest point; vertex; summit; climax

pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel; transverse bar connecting the opposite wheels

addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

ghostly figure; sudden or unusual sight; appearance; state of being visible

excessive flattery or admiration; unmerited praise

confederate; partner; collaborator

aide; servant; accompanying; a person who participates in a meeting

clay; brick; sun-dried brick; structure built with this type of brick

attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge

attended by favorable circumstances; marked by success; prosperous

a place where bees and beehives are kept, especially where bees are raised for their honey

one who is skeptical of the existence of a god or any ultimate reality

attractive or interesting; charming

name; title; the act of naming; the act of appealing for aid, sympathy

astonish; affect with wonder

be next to; be contiguous to; border on

combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; the act of seizing or capturing; understanding

attach; add as supplement or appendix

consisting of, relating to, or being in the water

secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated

condense; shorten; reduce length of written text

something appended to or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it

act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable

additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item

assign; distribute according to plan

instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink

characteristic of dawn; dawning, eastern, like a new beginning; relating to the atmospheric phenomenon auroras

independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

the term during which one learns a trade from a skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice

symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

agree; give consent, often at the insistence of another; concede

state without proof; assert to be true

expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance

upward slope or grade; movement upward

soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash; one of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, and ammonia

accept; take on; raise; take into one's family

candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job

manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance

close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance

a heavy block of iron or steel with a smooth, flat top on which metals are shaped by hammering

collection; heap; act or process of gathering into a mass

turned or twisted toward one side; at an angle

designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

fragrant or sweet-smelling; caused by fragrant odor

apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote

displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

strikingly appropriate and relevant; well-suited

change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

denying existence of God; godless

a violent attack; an onslaught

assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

a place where different tree varieties are exhibited

a person who argues in defense or justification of something, such as doctrine, policy, or institution

detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

displaying characteristics of previous cultural era or previous ancestral form

something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

estimate value of; evaluate, especially in an official capacity

large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible

roof-like cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind

wasting away; decrease in size; reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease

the letdown in thought or emotion; decline viewed in disappointing contrast with the previous rise

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

confederate; partner; collaborator

skillful and adept under pressing conditions

unselfishly generous; concerned for others

attendant; appearing or going with someone or something else

a gradual decrease in numbers; reduction in the workforce without firing employees; wearing away through harassment

wasting away; decrease in size; reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease

fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; the act of seizing or capturing; understanding

capable of knowing; conscious; relating to the faculty of apprehension; sensible or perceptive

act of accepting with approval

incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble

hear and settle a case by judicial procedure

utterly stupid or silly; inanely foolish

the term during which one learns a trade from a skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice

subside; decrease; become less in amount or intensity

solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse

a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory

diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

inform; give notice to; make aware

inherited or inheritable by established rules

a way of considering or doing something

particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

not normal; unusual or irregular; not representative of a group, class, or type

secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated

pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

confederate; partner; collaborator

expression of warm approval; praise

friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations

acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use