4000 CPE Vocabulary List

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n. счетах manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters

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v. унизить humiliate; lower or depress in rank or esteem

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v. смущать embarrass; make ashamed or uneasy; disconcert

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v. борьбе subside; decrease; become less in amount or intensity

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v. сокращения make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase

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n. аббревиатура shortening something by omitting parts of it

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v. отречься give up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw from, as a right or claim

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n. аберрантных abnormal;  markedly different from an accepted norm

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v. подстрекать aid, usually in doing something wrong; encourage

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n. отложено suspended action; temporary cessation or suspension

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v. ненавидеть fill with horror and loathing; horrify; hate

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v. отречься renounce upon oath; abandon forever

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a. пылают burning; radiant; bright; keenly excited; resembling flame in brilliance or color

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n. омовение washing or cleansing of the body, especially as part of religious rite

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v. отказываться give up or surrender; deny something to oneself

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n. отказ repudiation; self-sacrifice; renouncing your own interests in favor of interests of others

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n. обитель act of waiting; delay; stay or continuance in a place

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v. отменить cancel; put an end to; destroy completely

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n. аболиционистов a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

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a. отвратительные detestable; extremely unpleasant; very bad

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a. аборигенов being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native

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a. неудачную unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless

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v. изобилуют be full of; be plentiful

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v. обработать wear away by friction; scrape; erode

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n. истиранию scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something

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v. Краткое condense; shorten; reduce length of written text

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a. отменить abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority

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a. резкое broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another

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v. скрыться leave quickly and secretly and hide oneself, often to avoid arrest or prosecution

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v. поглощают assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention

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v. воздержаться refrain; hold oneself back voluntarily from an action or practice

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a. воздержан sparing or moderation in eating and drinking; temperate

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a. заумный obscure; profound; difficult to understand

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n. абсурда quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction

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a. обильные plentiful; possessing riches or resources

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v. примыкают border upon; adjoin; touch or end at one end or side; lie adjacent

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a. ужасной bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad

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n. академик a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation

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v. присоединиться agree; give consent, often at the insistence of another; concede

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v. акцентировать emphasize; stress; pronounce with stress or accent; mark with an accent

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n. Доступность the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

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n. аксессуары additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item

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v. Награды applaud; announce with great approval

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v. акклиматизироваться accustom or become accustomed to a new environment or situation; adapt

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n. подъем upward slope, as of hill

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n. награды award of merit; expression of approval; praise

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n. сопровождение act of accompanying someone or something

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a. сопровождающие attendant; appearing or going with someone or something else

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n. достижение achievement; fulfillment; something that is successful

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n. аккордеон a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard

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v. приставать approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with demand or request

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v. одевать equip; provide with military equipment

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v. аккредитации authorize; commission; give credit for

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n. аккреции growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion

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v. начисляются increase, accumulate, or come about as a result of growth; accumulate over time

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v. накапливаются pile up; collect;  mount up; increase

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v. обвинить blame; say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

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n. жесткость the bitterness of speech and temper; sourness or acidness of taste, character, or tone

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a. уксусной having properties of vinegar; sour

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a. углекислые slightly sour in taste or manner; sharp; caustic

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n. желудь fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup; a cone-shaped piece of wood

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n. акустика science of sound; the quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in

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v. согласиться assent; agree without protesting

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n. приобретение act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

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a. едкие unpleasantly sharp or bitter to taste or smell; bitterly pungent

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a. желчный bitter and sharp in language, tone, or manner

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n. сокращение an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something

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n. акрофобия fear of heights; abnormal fear of high places

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a. актуарных calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics

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v. приведения put into motion or action; activate

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n. зрения sharpness; acuteness of vision or perception; keenness

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n. проницательность mental keenness; quickness of perception

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n. пословица wise saying; brief familiar proverb;  expression of popular wisdom

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a. адаптации flexible; becoming or being made suitable to a particular situation or use

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n. добавление something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book

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v. наркоман cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to

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a. привыкание something you cannot stop taking once you have started

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v. тухлое muddle; drive crazy; become confused

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a. адепт expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

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n. сторонником a person who adheres; one who follows or upholds a leader, party, cause

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a. смежных adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near

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v. примыкают be next to; be contiguous to; border on

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v. выносить решения hear and settle a case by judicial procedure

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n. адъюнкт something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior

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v. заклинаю appeal to or entreat earnestly; command or enjoin solemnly, as under oath

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v. Изменить change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

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v. наставлять warn; counsel someone against something to be avoided

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n. наставление gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning

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n. Adobe clay; brick; sun-dried brick; structure built with this type of brick

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n. подростков a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity;

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v. принимать accept; take on; raise; take into one's family

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n. принятия act of accepting with approval

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n. обожание act of playing honor to a divine being; worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god

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v. украшают enhance or decorate with or as if with ornaments

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n. украшения embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament

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a. ловкие skillful and adept under pressing conditions

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n. лести excessive flattery or admiration; unmerited praise

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v. фальсифицировать make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances

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v. предвещать give hint or indication of something; disclose partially or guardedly; overshadow; shade

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n. появлением coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important

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a. случайное accidental; casual; not inherent but added extrinsically

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n. пропагандистской support; active pleading on behalf of something

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n. Ари nest of a bird, such as an eagle, built on a cliff or other high place

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a. приветливый easily approachable; warmly friendly

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v. филиал associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another

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n. близость natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage

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v. утверждаем state something as true; assert; confirm

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n. утверждения positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath

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v. наносить fasten; append; add on; secure to something

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n. бедствие cause or condition of pain, suffering, or distress

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n. богатства abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth

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a. доступным able to pay for

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n. оскорбление insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect

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n. после outcome; consequence, especially of a disaster or misfortune

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n. агломерации collection; heap; act or process of gathering into a mass

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v. возвеличивать increase the scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation

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v. усугубить worsen; make worse or more troublesome

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v. совокупности gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to

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n. агрегации several things grouped together or considered as a whole

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a. ужас struck by shock, terror, or amazement

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n. ловкость mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly

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v. агитировать cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb

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n. агитация anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance

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n. агностик one who is skeptical of the existence of a god or any ultimate reality

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a. аграрной pertaining to land or its cultivation; relating to agricultural or rural matters

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n. болезни sickness;a slight but often persistent illness 

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v. воздуха be broadcast on television or radio

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a. бортовых aloft; flying; in the air

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n. готовностью cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness

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n. алхимия medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming

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n. нише nook; small, recessed section of a room

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n. алгоритм established procedure for solving problem

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n. выравнивание arrangement; association; alliance

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a. пищевой providing nourishment; concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion

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n. щелочной soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash; one of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, and ammonia

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v. развеять calm; pacify; reduce the intensity of; relieve

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n. утверждения suggestion without proof that someone has done something wrong

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v. утверждает state without proof; assert to be true

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n. аллегории symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form

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n. аллитерации repetition of a beginning sound in poetry

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v. выделить assign; distribute according to plan

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v. сплав combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

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v. намекают refer casually or indirectly, or by suggestion

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v. привлекательность attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive

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n. соблазн temptation; enticement; any real or apparent good held forth or operating, as a motive to action

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n. намек indirect reference; symbolical reference or comparison; metaphor

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n. союзником confederate; partner; collaborator

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ad. наверх in or into a high place; high or higher up

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a. стороне apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote

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n. изменения a passage from one form or state to another; change

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a. альтруистических unselfishly generous; concerned for others

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v. объединении combine; unite in one body; mix or alloy metal with mercury

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v. собрать collect; gather for oneself, as for one's pleasure or profit

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v. удивлять astonish; affect with wonder

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a. удивительно awesome; astounding; surprising

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a. Ambidextrous capable of using either hand with equal ease

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n. атмосферу particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment

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n. неопределенность state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty

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a. неоднозначное unclear or doubtful in meaning

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n. амбиции aspiration; a strong wish to achieve something

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a. амбициозные aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement

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n. амбивалентность state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes, such as love and hate

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a. амбивалентный mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings

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n. иноходью moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely

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a. амбулаторных able to walk; formed or adapted for walking; not stationary

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v. улучшению make or become better; improve; grow better

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a. поддаются responsive to advise or suggestion; responsible to a higher authority; willing to comply with; agreeable

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v. изменить change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors

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n. Поправка a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision

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n. Услуги convenient features; courtesies

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n. удобства pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

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a. любезный good-natured and likable; lovable; warmly friendly

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a. дружественных exhibiting friendliness or goodwill; not quarrelsome

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n. дружба friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations

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a. любовный moved by sexual love; loving

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a. аморфный formless; lacking shape or definition

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a. амфибии able to live both on land and in water

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n. амфитеатр oval building with tiers of seats from central open space or arena

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n. усиления addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail

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v. усиления broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase

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v. ампутировать cut off part of the body, especially by surgery; prune

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a. анахронизмом having time error in the story; erroneous in date; in the wrong time

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a. анальгетик serving to reduce sensibility to pain without loss of consciousness

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a. аналогичные comparable; similar or alike

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v. анализа diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it

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n. анархисты a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority

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n. анафема solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse

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n. анатомии detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged

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a. предков inherited or inheritable by established rules

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n. происхождения family descent; series or line of ancestors; lineage

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a. вспомогательных serving as aid or accessory; auxiliary

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a. мучительно experiencing extreme discomfort or discontent; feeling, expressing, or caused by anguish

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a. угловой sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner

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n. анимус the feeling of enmity or ill will; an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition

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n. летописи a chronological record of the events of successive years

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v. Приложение append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit

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v. уничтожить destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence

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v. комментировать comment; make explanatory notes

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a. раздражает bothersome; troublesome; irritating

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n. ренты annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year

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v. аннулировать make or declare void or invalid; reduce to nothing

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n. болеутоляющее source of relaxation or comfort; medicine that relieves pain

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v. помазать apply oil or similar substance to; put oil on during religious ceremony as a sign of sanctification or consecration.

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a. аномальных deviating from normal or common order, form, or rule

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n. антагонизм active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor

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v. предшествовать precede; go before in time, and sometimes in place, rank, or logical order

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n. прошлое preceding events or circumstances that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background

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v. предшествовали be earlier in time; go back further

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a. допотопных antiquated; extremely old and ancient; belonging to very ancient times

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n. антология book of literary selections by various authors

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a. ан��ропоцентрической regarding human beings as the center of the universe

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a. человекообразные manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance

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a. антропоморфных having human form or characteristics

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n. антибиотик any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms

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v. предвидеть act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict

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n. разочарование the letdown in thought or emotion; decline viewed in disappointing contrast with the previous rise

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n. антипатию strong feeling of aversion; dislike

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n. античный any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion

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n. антитеза contrast; direct contrast; opposition

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n. рога entire horn, or any branch of the horn

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n. наковальней a heavy block of iron or steel with a smooth, flat top on which metals are shaped by hammering

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a. апатичным feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent

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n. апатия lack of interest, or the attitude of not caring resulting from it; the indifference

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n. аперитив alcoholic beverage taken before a meal as an appetizer

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n. диафра��мы opening; diameter of such an opening; hole

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n. вершине highest point; vertex; summit; climax

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n. афазии loss of speech due to injury or illness

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n. афоризм definition or concise statement of principle; tersely phrased statement of truth or opinion

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n. пасека a place where bees and beehives are kept, especially where bees are raised for their honey

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n. апломбом poise; self-confident assurance

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a. апокрифической untrue; of questionable authorship or authenticity; erroneous; fictitious

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n. апогея the highest point; point in an orbit most distant from the body being orbited

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a. аполитичной having aversion or lack of concern for political affairs

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a. апологетических offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense

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n. апологет a person who argues in defense or justification of something, such as doctrine, policy, or institution

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v. извиниться beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something

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n. отступник one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs

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n. апостроф text character used to mark the possessive or to show the omission of letters or numbers

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n. апофеоз elevation to godhood; fact or action of becoming a god; an ideal example of something

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v. ужасать depress or discourage with fear; grow faint or become weak

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n. привидение ghostly figure; sudden or unusual sight; appearance; state of being visible

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n. Обращение attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge

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a. привлекательным attractive or interesting; charming

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n. наименование name; title; the act of naming; the act of appealing for aid, sympathy

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v. добавить attach; add as supplement or appendix

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n. придаток something appended to or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it

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n. аппетит instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink

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v. приветствую acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands

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a. применимо capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance

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n. заявителя candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job

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n. применение close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance

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v. назначить designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

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a. уместным strikingly appropriate and relevant; well-suited

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n. оценки assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

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v. оценки estimate value of; evaluate, especially in an official capacity

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a. заметной large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible

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v. оценить be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

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n. опасение fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; the act of seizing or capturing; understanding

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a. опасение capable of knowing; conscious; relating to the faculty of apprehension; sensible or perceptive

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n. обучение the term during which one learns a trade from a skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice

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v. информировать inform; give notice to; make aware

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n. подход a way of considering or doing something

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n. апробации соответствующее expression of warm approval; praise

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v. соответствующие acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use

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v. приближенные come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount

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ad. примерно very similarly; roughly

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a. поводу with reference or regard; in respect

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a. водных consisting of, relating to, or being in the water

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a. орлиным curved or hooked like an eagle's beak

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a. пахотных fit for growing crops, as by plowing

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n. арбитр person with power to decide a dispute; judge

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a. древесные tree-dwelling; treelike; living in trees

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n. дендрарий a place where different tree varieties are exhibited

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n. дуги the continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape

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a. тайными secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated

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n. археология study of artifacts and relics of early humankind

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a. архаичных no longer current or applicable; antiquated

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n. архетип prototype; original model or type after which other similar things are patterned

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n. архипелаг group of closely located islands

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a. горячим displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate

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a. трудный demanding great effort or labor; difficult

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a. засушливых dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants

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n. аристократия hereditary nobility; privileged class

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n. аристократ one of the aristocracy or people of rank in a community; one of a ruling class; a noble

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n. арифметических theory of numerical calculations

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n. армада a fleet of warships; a large group of moving things

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n. Оружейная палата arsenal; a place where arms are manufactured

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a. ароматических fragrant or sweet-smelling; caused by fragrant odor

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n. возбуждение act of awaking from sleep; arousing from what is like sleep

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v. обвинять officially charge someone in a court of law

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n. Композиция composition; a plan for how something will happen

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n. задолженности being in debt; unpaid, overdue debt or an unfulfilled obligation

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v. присвоить claim without justification; claim for oneself without the right

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n. Арройо deep gully; a dry gulch; brook or creek; watercourse

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n. хитрость subtle but base deception; trickery; cleverness or skill; ingenuity

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n. ремесленника manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to an artist

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a. бесхитростный free of artificiality; natural; open and honest

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v. подниматься move up or climb something; mount

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n. власть superiority or decisive advantage; domination

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n. восхождение upward slope or grade; movement upward

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a. аскетической leading a life of self-discipline and self-denial; austere

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v. приписывают inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality

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a. асептический preventing infection; having cleansing effect

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a. пепельно ash-colored; very pale; consisting of ashes

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a. глупый utterly stupid or silly; inanely foolish

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a. искоса with a sideways or indirect look; Turned to side, especially of eyes

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ad. косо turned or twisted toward one side; at an angle

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n. неровностей the sharpness of temper; roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate

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v. задыхаться deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing death or severe symptoms; suffocate

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n. претендентам one who aspires, as to advancement, honors, or a high position

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n. стремление ambition; something that you hope to achieve

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v. нападать assault; attack with or as if with violent blows

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n. нападение a violent attack; an onslaught

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v. анализа analyze; evaluate; examine by trial or experiment; put to the test

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n. монтаж a group of persons together in one place

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v. согласие express agreement to what is alleged or proposed; accept

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v. утверждать declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly

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a. напористой positive; affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory

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v. оценки estimate  value; judge worth of something

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n. оценки act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable

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a. усердным constant in application or attention; diligent; unceasing or persistent

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v. ассимилировать incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble

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n. помощь help, especially money or resources that are given to people  

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v. успокоить ease or lessen pain; satisfy or appease

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ad. конечно in a way that causes something to be certain; undoubtedly

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n. астигматизм eye defect that prevents proper focus

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a. поражен amazed; very surprised

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v. поразить affect with wonder; surprise; shock

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a. вяжущее causing contraction; having the effect of drawing tissue together; stern or austere

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n. астроном a physicist who studies astronomy

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n. астрономия branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

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ad. куски into separate parts or pieces; apart

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a. асимметричной not identical on both sides of a dividing central line

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n. атавизм resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents; deformity returning after the passage of two or more generations

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a. атавистические displaying characteristics of previous cultural era or previous ancestral form

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a. атеистической denying existence of God; godless

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n. легкая атлетика art of training by athletic exercises; games and sports of athletes

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n. атмосфера air; a mixture of gases that surrounds any planet

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n. атома a tiny piece of anything; the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element

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n. злодеяние brutal deed; atrocious condition, quality, or behavior; monstrousness

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n. атрофия wasting away; decrease in size; reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease

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n. вложения a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory

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v. достижения achieve or accomplish; gain

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n. достижения something, such as an accomplishment or achievement; achievement

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v. участие be present at; go to; take care of; tend

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n. посещаемости act of being present

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n. сопутствующих aide; servant; accompanying; a person who participates in a meeting

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n. внимание act or state of attending or heeding; application of the mind to any object of sense, representation, or thought

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v. ослабления make slender, fine, or small; weaken; lessen the density of

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n. одежда clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress

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n. привлечения appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts

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a. привлекательным appealing; pleasing; inviting; tempting

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n. атрибута essential quality; reputation; honor

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n. истощение a gradual decrease in numbers; reduction in the workforce without firing employees; wearing away through harassment

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a. нетипичные not normal; unusual or irregular; not representative of a group, class, or type

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a. дерзкий fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold

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n. аудитории area of theater or concert hall where the audience sits

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a. слухового of or relating to hearing, the organs of hearing, or the sense of hearing

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n. шнек hand tool for boring holes; hollow drill used to take core samples of soil, ice

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v. увеличить make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

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n. гадание sign of something coming; art or practice of foretelling events by signs or omens

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n. венчиком the outermost region of the sun's atmosphere; halo

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a. авроральной characteristic of dawn; dawning, eastern, like a new beginning; relating to the atmospheric phenomenon auroras

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a. благоприятный attended by favorable circumstances; marked by success; prosperous

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a. суровый strict or severe in the discipline; severely simple and unornamented

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v. аутентификации prove genuine; establish authenticity of

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a. авторитарного expecting absolute obedience; completely dominating another's will

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a. авторитетных weighting authority; peremptory and dictatorial

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n. Автобиография biography or story written by yourself

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n. самодержца dictator; ruler having unlimited power

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a. само��ержавной having absolute, unchecked power; dictatorial

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n. автомата the mechanism that imitates actions of humans

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a. автономного self-governing; not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent

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n. автономии independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination

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a. обучения convenient for use or disposal; not busy, free; obtainable; accessible

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n. алчность greediness for wealth; the insatiable desire to gain

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v. среднее declare to be true; affirm

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a. прочь reluctant; disinclined; turned away or backward; unwilling

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n. вольер large cage, building, or enclosure in which birds are reared or kept

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a. Avid greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

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n. призвание activity taken up in addition to one's regular work or profession, usually for enjoyment

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v. признаться declare openly; acknowledge openly, boldly, and unashamedly

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n. декларирование open declaration; frank acknowledgment

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a. дядин in the manner of an uncle, about uncle; kind, genial, benevolent, or tolerant

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a. неловко difficult to handle or manage

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n. тент roof-like cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind

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ad. наперекосяк in a position that is turned toward one side; away from the correct course

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n. аксиома self-evident truth requiring no proof

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n. оси pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel; transverse bar connecting the opposite wheels

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a. Azure sky blue; light purplish-blue