4000 FCE Vocabulary List

abandon  
n. التخلي عن lacking restraint or control; feeling of extreme emotional intensity; unbounded enthusiasm
With her parents out of town, Kelly danced all night with abandon.
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abbreviate  
v. اختصار make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase
Because we were running out of time, the lecturer had to abbreviate her speech.
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abide  
v. الالتزام endure; put up with; bear; tolerate
Oh, don't bother ME, I could not abide figures!
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abnormal  
a. الشاذ unusual; not typical; not normal
Fujitsu, Toshiba, HP, and Lenovo all insist that their designs are sufficiently different to Dell and Apple, that there is no abnormal risk of fire.
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aboard  
ad. متن on a ship, train, plane, or other vehicles; in or into a group, organization, or business
He did make some calls aboard Air Force One, we are told, on his way back to from the Azores.
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abolition  
n. إلغاء ending; act of abolishing; act of doing away with
In particular, the economists say that the proposed abolition of taxes on dividends is not credible as a short-term stimulus.
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abrupt  
a. مفاجئ broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another
Eliza's greeting was delivered in a short, abrupt voice, without a smile, and then she sat down again, fixed her eyes on the fire, and seemed to forget me.
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absence  
n. غياب state of being absent; state of being away
The other guests had taken advantage of the Queen's absence and were resting in the shade.
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absent  
a. تغيب go away or leave; missing; not present
They are absent themselves from time to time.
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absentee  
n. الغائبين one who is absent or not in residence
Absentee voting begins 35 days before primary and general elections.
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absenteeism  
n. الغياب habitual not to appear, especially for work or other regular duty
But absenteeism has become a big problem in Britain, where the employment laws offer protection to sick workers.
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absolute  
a. المطلقة perfect in quality or nature; complete; totally unlimited; certain
Although the King was an absolute monarch, he did not want to behead his unfaithful wife without certain evidence.
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absolutely  
ad. تماما utterly; not viewed in relation to other things or factors  
For their part, the ambassadors expressed appreciation for the Italian Prime Minister's efforts to clarify that terrorism is absolutely separate from Islam.
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absorb  
v. استيعاب assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention
By contrast, what students can absorb from a one-day visit to a college are the tangibles.
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absorption  
n. استيعاب process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion; state of mental concentration
I agree that the reader's absorption is a measure of good writing.
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abstract  
a. الملخص theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand
To him, hunger was an abstract concept; he had never missed a meal.
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absurd  
a. سخيفة preposterous; ridiculously incongruous or unreasonable; foolish
Alice thought the whole thing very absurd, but they all looked so grave that she did not dare laugh.
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absurdity  
n. تعويذة quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction
His story of being kidnapped by little green men is sheer absurdity.
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abundant  
a. فيرة plentiful; possessing riches or resources
At his immigration interview, Ivan listed his abundant reasons for coming to America: the hope of religious freedom and the prospect of employment.
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abundantly  
ad. تماما in great numbers; in a plentiful or sufficient degree; plentifully
With all respect, you have made yourself abundantly clear in an informed and articulate manner.
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abuse  
n. مخالف improper use or handling; misuse
The commenter said that he had stopped seven years of girl abuse in this area, thanks to Vito.
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academic  
a. الأكاديمية related to school; not practical or directly useful; relating to the scholarly organization; based on formal education
The dean's talk about reforming the college admissions system was only an academic discussion.
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accelerate  
v. تسريع move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected
Demand for Taiwanese goods likely will accelerate from the second quarter, as strong Asian demand offsets the effects of a U.S. slowdown.
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acceleration  
n. تسريع a faster rate of improvement; the rate of change of velocity to time
She's not the only driver complaining; Other Prius drivers have filed reports with the Traffic Safety Administration concerning acceleration problems.
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accessible  
a. الوصول easily approached or entered; obtainable; easy to talk to or get along with
Simon and James will no longer be posting to The Hearing; however, all previous posts will remain accessible here.
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accessory  
n. الكماليات additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item
Another accessory is a tripod needed to prevent camera shake, especially when the shutter speed drops below the tenth second at a wide-angle shot.
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accident  
n. الحوادث an event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; sudden, and unexpected event
Finding and maintaining happiness is a definite achievement and not an accident.
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accidental  
a. عرضي unexpected; happening by chance, unintentionally  
Its curves are arbitrary and what we call accidental, but one after another follows it as if he were guided by a chart on which it was laid down.
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accidentally  
ad. بطريق الخطأ inadvertently; by chance; casually; fortuitously; not essentially or intrinsically
The Air Force led us to believe that Dad's plane crashed into a mountain accidentally and without warning.
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accommodate  
v. استيعاب do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for
The stage in the public auditorium can easily be adjusted to accommodate from a full-scale musical production to one by a solo vocalist.
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accompaniment  
n. المرافق act of accompanying someone or something
I have swallowed the remainder with an accompaniment of secret tears, forced from me by the exigency of hunger.
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accompany  
v. تصاحب travel with; be associated with
But the night being wet and inclement, Mr. Rochester did not accompany them.
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accomplish  
v. مرافقة إنجاز succeed in doing; bring to pass; achieve; reach the end of; complete
No single space project will be more impressive to humankind, and none will be difficult or expensive to accomplish.
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accomplishment  
n. الإنجاز achievement; fulfillment; something that is successful
Getting the two leaders to sign a peace treaty was his greatest accomplishment.
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account  
n. حساب narrative or record of events; the reason given for a particular action or event
What is the account for this loss?
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accountable  
a. مساءلة liable to being called to account; answerable; responsible; something that can be explained
He made each store accountable, sold 100 unproductive shops and made another 70 smaller.
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accountant  
n. محاسب one who maintains and audits business accounts
Our business and finance group is looking for a dynamic accountant to join the accounting team supporting the Company's new area.
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accounting  
n. المحاسبة a system that provides quantitative information about finances
Recent changes in accounting rules have forced companies in Britain to state much more accurately the true financial state of their pension funds.
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accumulate  
v. معدومة pile up; collect;  mount up; increase
The tendency of Capital to accumulate is a big threat to the free market.
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accumulation  
n. تراكم increase by natural growth or addition; concentration
That reservoir of frost and snow, the accumulation of centuries of winters, glazed in Alpine heights above heights.
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accuracy  
n. الدقة quality of nearness to the truth or the true value
He was beginning to doubt the accuracy of his compass.
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accusation  
n. الاتهام indictment; charge of wrongdoing that is made against a person or other party
They are simply using the first rule in contemporary American politics: the accusation is the conviction.
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accustomed  
a. اعتاد habitual to; used to; frequently practiced, used, or experienced; customary
We are accustomed to taking cues from the outside world, filtering them, and writing our own novel inside our heads.
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achieve  
v. إقرار gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill
Water, energy, health, agriculture, and biodiversity, require the world's scientific community to develop the means to achieve sustainable development.
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acidity  
n. الحموضة pH values below 7; taste experience when something acidic is taken into the mouth
High acidity and elevated levels of metals can seriously impair water bodies' ability to support life, resulting in a decline in species diversity.
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acquaint  
v. تعريف inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar
Please acquaint the colleagues with your plans to move faster.
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acquaintance  
n. التعارف personal knowledge or information about someone or something
He also reconnected with Doris Schmitz, an acquaintance from the University of Frankfurt.
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acquire  
v. الصوتيات gain through experience or effort; gain possession of; locate with a tracking system
They acquire a reputation for being difficult to work with.
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acquisition  
n. امتلاك act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something
It has received an unsolicited, 15 dollar a share acquisition proposal from partners.
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activate  
v. تنشيط make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive
The carriers say they want to encrypt and store the credentials in the phone's SIM card, the small chips to activate access to mobile networks.
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actively  
ad. بنشاط energetically; vigorously; voluntarily, not passively
The beloved star - who worked actively from the 1960s up until an illness late last year - passed away Thursday morning.
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actuate  
v. تحفيز put into motion or action; activate
I fail to understand what might actuate you to reply to this letter so nastily.
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acumen  
n. الفطنة mental keenness; quickness of perception
However, her team's political acumen is clearly beyond mine, an Ivy League Medical Science Professor and NOT a Political 'Science' Professor.
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acute  
a. حاد quickly perceptive; keen; having a sharp point or tip; extremely sharp or severe
Her early writing was grounded in acute observation of the natural world.
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adapt  
v. التكيف make fit for; change to suit a new purpose
One way to adapt is to become smaller, generation by generation.
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adaptable  
a. تكيف flexible; becoming or being made suitable to a particular situation or use
It made this sofa not only functional but also adaptable to any contemporary interior design.
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adaptation  
n. التكيف modification; alteration or adjustment in structure or habits
The play is an adaptation of a short novel.
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adaptive  
a. التكيف having a capacity for adaptation; capable of adapting
In psychology, behavior or trait is adaptive when it helps individuals adjust within a changing social environment.
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addict  
v. المدمن cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to
For instance, if you carry a clean needle in this country, the police are likely to arrest you for being a drug addict.
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additional  
a. إضافية further; extra; supplemental or added to
They will need months of therapy and additional reconstructive surgery in the coming years to help them recover.
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adept  
a. بارعون expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude
Williams was known as an adept improviser who effortlessly switched between classical, jazz, and pop styles.
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adequate  
a. كاف sufficient; enough to meet a purpose
England missed key players through injury, lacked adequate preparation, and could not match Australia's skill.
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adhesive  
n. لاصق glue; paste; the substance that unites or bonds surfaces together
Painting before the adhesive is applied will keep the color on much longer.
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adjoining  
a. المجاورة neighboring; being in contact at some point or line; joining to
Did you hear a noise? I dare say it is only a rat scrambling along the rafters of the adjoining schoolroom.
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adjustment  
n. تعديل making or becoming suitable; adjusting to circumstances
An individual uses this form to request an adjustment to an individual income tax return.
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administer  
v. إدارة govern; supervise; give or apply medications
It's led to major disagreement about how best to administer development funds among some government departments.
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administration  
n. الإدارة management; supervision; people who are in charge of management; the activity of government for powers and duties
Obviously, the key person in administration is the man in the White House.
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administrator  
n. مدير one who manages a government agency or department
One college administrator says it'll be difficult for them to meet the increased demand without a massive expansion in teaching staff and other facilities.
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admiration  
n. الإعجاب favorable judgment; feeling of pleasure, wonder, and approval
He received years of praise and admiration from the public that he did not deserve, and now he is exposed as a fraud.
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admire  
v. معجبون regard with wonder or astonishment; view with surprise; marvel at
You may not like him, but you have got to admire his persistence.
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admission  
n. القبول act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter
He gained admission into this university.
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admit  
v. أعترف permit to enter; receive; provide the right or a means of entrance to
But what she absolutely refuses to admit is that none of us wants to be a hack.
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admittedly  
ad. باعتراف doubtlessly; in an acknowledged manner; confessedly
Malkin admittedly wore down a year ago, during an NHL season that's twice as long as the one he played in Russia the year before.
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adolescent  
n. مراهقين a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity;
These students are adolescent boys and girls.
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adoption  
n. اعتماد act of accepting with approval
'In that case,' said the Dodo solemnly, rising to its feet, 'I move that the meeting adjourn, for the immediate adoption of more energetic remedies.'.
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adorn  
v. البارع enhance or decorate with or as if with ornaments
This small icon indicates that the plastic yard sign they adorn is either recyclable.
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adornment  
n. الزينة embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament
On close examination, the boy can be seen to have a woven strand of some sort around his left ankle, possibly adornment, spiritual or medicinal.
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advance  
v. مقدما proceed; move forward; improve; moving forward
WHO said that court action needed to be handled cautiously, discipline and litigation could awaken public outrage and advance both justice and health.
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advanced  
a. متقدم improved; highly developed or complex; ahead of the times; progressive
This is a new technology for playing a more advanced sort of DVD.
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advancement  
n. النهوض progress; promotion;  forward step; improvement
Our greatest tool for advancement is also our greatest push towards downfall: intelligence.
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adventure  
n. المغامرة something happens without design; chance; hazard; risk; danger
I can't even decide which step of this adventure is the most aggravating.
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adventurer  
n. مغامر one who enjoys exciting, dangerous activities, often in foreign countries
He was the great romantic hero of his century, an adventurer, and after his death in 1967, he became a symbol of revolution on t-shirts and walls of student homes.
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adventurous  
a. المغامرة valiant; venturesome; inclined or willing to incur hazard or engage in adventures
Tom's younger brother  Sid was already through with his part of the work, for he was a quiet boy and had no adventurous, troublesome ways.
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adversary  
n. عدو the opponent in a contest; someone who offers opposition
The young wrestler struggled to defeat his adversary.
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adverse  
a. السلبية in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose
The recession had a highly adverse effect on his father's investment portfolio: he lost so much money that he could no longer afford the house.
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adversely  
ad. سلبا negatively; in an adverse manner; oppositely; inimically; offensively; unfortunately
Global Witness says that in the same way that blood diamonds have adversely affected the lives of people in Sierra Leone and Liberia.
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adversity  
n. المحن state of misfortune, hardship, or affliction; misfortune
A young boy whose strength in adversity is an inspiration to all who know him.
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advertise  
v. الاعلان give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of
We decided to advertise our new product.
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advocate  
v. الدعوة speak, plead, or argue in favor of; plead for; push for something
Some doctors advocate a smoking ban in the entire house.
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advocate  
n. الدعوة one that argues for a cause; supporter or defender
I guess a Twitter security advocate is a Twitter user whose account has been hacked.
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aesthetic  
a. الجمالية elegant or tasteful; of or concerning the appreciation of beauty or good taste
Kenneth Cole, the American designer, known for his modern, urban aesthetic, is hawking $35 T-shirts.
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affect  
v. يؤثر have an emotional or cognitive impact upon
The move is likely to affect women and girls worldwide as international brands such as Mango and Zara have signed up to the agreement.
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affection  
n. المودة fondness; tender feeling toward another; fondness
I happen to think that the physical expression of love and affection is just about the best thing we humans do.
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affectionate  
a. حنون having affection or warm regard; loving; fond; kindly inclined; zealous
He enfolded the child in an affectionate embrace.
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affinity  
n. تقارب natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage
She felt an affinity with all who suffered; their pains were her pains.
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affirmative  
a. الإيجابي confirmative; ratifying; giving assent or approval; confirming
The result will allow schools to know what they can do and not do in affirmative action programs.
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afflict  
v. تصيب cause pain, suffering, or distress
Restless legs syndrome is thought to afflict millions, though there's an argument about just how many.
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affluent  
a. ثراء having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value
They want the same opportunity to pursue their dreams as everyone else who lives in affluent school districts.
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afford  
v. أدخر بعض pay; provide; have the financial means for; bear the cost of
The deal reduces the cost of certain AIDS drugs and gives developing countries the confidence to afford to treat citizens in the long-term.
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affordable  
a. متناول able to pay for
We need treatments that are more affordable, and we need an HIV vaccine that can have the same impact on the HIV epidemic as vaccines have had on smallpox and other diseases.
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agenda  
n. جدول الأعمال items of business at a meeting; list or program of things to be done or considered
His agenda is certainly different from the President's and the administration's, but we will seek additional opportunities to work together with him.
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aggravate  
v. تفاقم worsen; make worse or more troublesome
Ridiculous, offensive comments like this do nothing but aggravate the situation.
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aggravating  
a. مشددا irritating; annoying; making worse or more heinous
What's aggravating is they are not in the same format, so it's not like you can cut and paste.
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aggregate  
v. مجموع gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to
Before the Wall Street scandals, dealers managed to aggregate great wealth in short periods of time.
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aggregation  
n. تجميع several things grouped together or considered as a whole
It provides an overview of a diverse set of more than thirty digital library aggregation services, organizes them into functional clusters.
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aggressive  
a. جذابة making assaults; unjustly attacking; combative; hostile; tending to spread quickly
During his tenure in Beijing, Huntsman was an aggressive advocate for human rights and pushed to expand U.S. economic ties with China.
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agile  
a. مرونة moving quickly and lightly; mentally quick
He is quick and agile, which is something we relied on.
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agility  
n. رشاقة mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly
The agility of the acrobat amazed and thrilled the audience.
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agitate  
v. تحريض cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb
Since President has now announced that Emergency, the only demand that the lawyers can now agitate is to restore the old Supreme Court.
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agony  
n. مقبول the extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle
'Oh, PLEASE mind what you are doing!' cried Alice, jumping up and down in an agony of terror.
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agreeable  
a. مقبول ready to consent or submit; acceptable
They will have a great deal of money, and you will have none: it is your place to be humble and to try to make yourself agreeable to them.
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agriculture  
n. الزراعة the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock
The developing world is unlikely to change its stand on the issue of agriculture subsidies.
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ailment  
n. مرض sickness;a slight but often persistent illness 
And the number closely matches a finding of an earlier international study that estimated some 10.1 percent of people globally suffer from the ailment.
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aim  
n. الهدف point or direct towards an object or spot with the intent of hitting it
The library aims to educate and inspire children who have seen arts education cut from their school.
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aircraft  
n. طائرات a vehicle that can fly, such as an airplane, helicopter, balloon
This aircraft is also equipped with a spear, which the Geneva War Crimes Handbook forbids.
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airsickness  
n. دوار الجو motion sickness experienced while traveling by air
An airsickness bag is commonly provided to passengers onboard airplanes and boats to collect and contain vomit in the case of motion sickness.
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ajar  
a. مواربا half-open; slightly turned or opened
If you need a door ajar or else without the cat running through it, placing the bottle in the doorway will usually keep it away.
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akin  
a. أقرب of the same kin; related by blood
Spanish is akin to Latin.
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alchemy  
n. الكيمياء medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming
The changing of baser metals into gold was the goal of the students of alchemy in medieval.
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alder  
n. ألدر north temperate shrubs or trees having toothed leaves and cone-like fruit
The wood of the alder is light, quite brittle when young, and easily worked.
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alert  
n. تنبيه the warning serves; alarm; condition of heightened watchfulness or preparation for action
And although the main ports are on alert, Nigeria, in particular, has many small river ports in the Cross River and Niger deltas.
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alien  
a. الغريبة dissimilar, inconsistent, or opposed in nature; very different place, society, or person
If you think about it, that's totally alien to what a drug company might be expected to do because if you eradicate a disease, there's no need for that drug at all.
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alienate  
v. ينفر cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate emotionally
We could not see what should again alienate us from one another or how one brother could again oppress another.
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alignment  
n. المحاذاة arrangement; association; alliance
When you want an alignment that covers the whole length of both sequences, use a needle.
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alike  
a. على حد سواء similar; in the same manner or to the same degree
Friends are generally alike in background and tastes.
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allegiance  
n. الولاء loyalty to a nation, sovereign, or cause; fidelity to any person or thing; devotion
They didn't want to salute the flag, saying that kind of allegiance is only for God.
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allegory  
n. الرمز symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form
Pilgrim's Progress is an allegory of the temptations and victories of man's soul.
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allowance  
n. البدل approval; the act of allowing, granting, or admitting
I volunteer for every shift available; the allowance is better than nothing.
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alloy  
n. سبائك mixture; a combination of diverse things
In its ideal form, the alloy is a crystal with each element occupying specific crystal locations relative to one another.
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allude  
v. يلمح refer casually or indirectly, or by suggestion
Try not to mention divorce in Jack's presence because he will think you allude to his marital problems with Jill.
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aloft  
ad. عاليا in or into a high place; high or higher up
It tried to remain aloft, but its flying grew wild and reckless.
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alongside  
ad. جنبا إلى جنب مع along or by the side; side by side with
When his lease went up for renewal in December, I summoned all my courage to sign my name alongside his on the new one.
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alter  
v. تعديل modify; cause to change; make different; convert
In public, neither Mr. Blair's visit nor the regional summit in Nepal has done anything to alter India's position on dialogue with Pakistan.
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alternate  
a. المناوب happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute
Businesses can also use this opportunity to invest in an alternate, perhaps more efficient, which will help our economy in the long-run.
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alternate  
v. بالتناوب occur successively; pass back and forth from one state, action, or place to another
Please alternate light and dark squares to form a pattern.
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alternation  
n. البديل التناوب successive change from one thing or state to another and back again
Now go back to the diagram at the top of the page and trace through the cycle of generations' alternation.
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alternative  
n. بديلة one of two or more things, ideas, or courses of action that may be used; option or choice
Electron Instruments believed its desktop SEM was vastly superior to the next best alternative from a Japanese competitor.
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altitude  
n. ارتفاع elevation especially above sea level; height
The high desert plains are beautiful and have a more temperate climate, but altitude is a health problem for some people.
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aluminum  
n. الومنيوم silvery ductile metallic element
Services include mold aluminum casting, heat treating, machining.
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amateur  
n. هواة one who engages in an art, science, study, or athletic activity as a pastime rather than as a profession
The amateur is someone who loves a topic or hobby, or interest and pursues it with dedication, love, and attention to detail.
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amazement  
n. ذهول wonder; state of extreme surprise or wonder; astonishment
My daughter and I looked at each other in amazement, and with beaming smiles, threw our arms around each other.
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ambience  
n. اجواء particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment
A certain ambience is lost when you choose a tampon over a cocktail glass at a party.
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ambition  
n. طموح aspiration; a strong wish to achieve something
They may be trying to protect their rich pickings, but this is also in line with President Putin's ambition to see Russian business as a truly international player.
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ambitious  
a. طموح aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
After news of Rupert Murdoch's ambitious move, the company's share value rose rapidly, opening at 37 dollars and 12 cents and going up to 57 dollars and 28 cents.
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ambivalent  
a. متناقضة mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings
South Korea is one of the world's most successful trading nations, but the population remains deeply ambivalent about open markets' benefits.
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amble  
n. المتنقلة moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely
When she first mounted the horse, she was afraid to urge the animal to go faster than a gentle amble.
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amendment  
n. تعديل a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision
America and Britain oppose this amendment, but some other European countries, particularly Germany, have always been lukewarm on debt relief and might be swayed.
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amends  
n. تعدل compensation for a loss or injury; recompense
I want to make amends to my friend for breaking her precious vase.
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amenity  
n. بنباتات pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions
This spacious travel amenity kit lets you bring all the comforts of home.
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amiable  
a. ودية good-natured and likable; lovable; warmly friendly
In Little Women, Beth is the amiable daughter whose loving disposition endears her to all who know her.
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amicable  
a. دية exhibiting friendliness or goodwill; not quarrelsome
Beth's sister Jo is the hot-tempered tomboy who has difficulty maintaining amicable relations with those around her.
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amid  
ad. والاضطراب in the middle of; among; surrounded by
He and other leaders are more optimistic than eight years ago when Easley began his term amid a recession.
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ammunition  
n. ذخيرة military stores or provisions; articles used in weapons, as powder, balls, shot, shells
I will carry these two rifles myself; the ammunition is all there except that bag in the corner.
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amnesia  
n. فقدان الذاكرة partial or total loss of memory, usually resulting from shock or illness
Selective amnesia is a politically valuable trait.
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amount  
n. المبلغ total of two or more quantities; aggregate; sum
The amount of money sent home by migrant workers to their families in Latin America has reached more than $62 billion.
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ample  
a. افرة more than enough in size or scope or capacity; relatively large
They insist that food is being provided to the Palestinians in ample supplies and that the only way to weaken Hamas is to maintain the blockade.
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amplification  
n. التضخيم addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail
A few remarks added in amplification and defense.
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amuse  
v. يروق occupy in an agreeable, pleasing, or entertaining fashion; cause laughter or be funny; delude or deceive
I've been using this anecdote to amuse my civilian friends for years!
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analogy  
n. القياس the similarity in some respects; comparison based on similarity
This analogy is almost always noted without further comment, although it may be taken further.
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analysis  
n. تحليل study; investigation; the process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts
You can read more about those studies here, and my analysis is here.
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analyze  
v. تحليل diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it
Historians follow a few basic rules to help them analyze primary sources.
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anarchist  
n. فوضوية a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority
Denying she was an anarchist, Katya maintained she wished only to make changes in our government, not to destroy it entirely.
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ancestor  
n. سلف forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor
He said it was a very old name in that neighborhood, that the house's ancestor was wealthy.
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ancestry  
n. أصول family descent; series or line of ancestors; lineage
David can trace his ancestry as far back as the seventeenth century when one was a court trumpeter somewhere in Germany.
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anchor  
v. مرساة secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate
We set the post in concrete to anchor it in place.
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anecdotal  
a. التقريبية having the character of an anecdote; of a short story of any interesting or humorous incidents
Below I will investigate the reasons why anecdotal evidence is unreliable and unacceptable evidence of scientific claims.
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angular  
a. الزاوي sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner
Mr. Spock's features, though angular, were curiously attractive in a Vulcan way.
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animated  
a. متحرك having life or vigor or spirit; filled with activity; in the form of cartoon
On entering his room, I found Holmes in animated conversation with two men.
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animation  
n. كمين الرسوم المتحركة act of animating or giving life or spirit; state of being animate or alive
Obviously, this animation is at the core of our relationship.
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ankle  
n. الكاحل the joint which connects the foot with the leg; tarsus
There was a place on my ankle that got to itching, but I didn't scratch it, and then my ear began to itch; and next to my back, right between my shoulders.
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annex  
v. مرفق append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit
Mexico objected to the United States' attempts to annex the territory that later became Texas.
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announce  
v. اعلان herald; give out; proclaim; make known publicly
Finance minister Sinha will announce an extra tax to ease the financial pain in his annual budget speech.
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announcement  
n. اعلان formal public statement; an act of making known publicly
Therefore, the Greek government's official announcement was more a profit-taking opportunity than actually excellent news.
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announcer  
n. مذيع one who proclaims a message publicly
I'm pretty sure that the announcer is the voice of Jodi Benson.
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annoy  
v. السنوي disturb, especially by minor irritations; irritate
Sit up! Don't annoy me with holding the clothes fast.
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annual  
a. السنوي occurring or payable every year
It says that the Queen's role in the annual state opening of parliament should be changed.
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annually  
ad. سنويا yearly; each year; returning every year; year by year
It says an immediate commitment of three billion dollars annually is needed to provide basic healthcare across sub-Saharan Africa.
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anomaly  
n. شذوذ irregularity; a person or something unusual; departure from the normal or common order
No doubt, this anomaly is the result of the uncertain international environment and high-interest rates.
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anonymous  
a. المجهولين having no name; having an unknown or unacknowledged name
The buyer, who wished to remain anonymous, is a foreigner with homes in Europe.
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antagonist  
n. خصم one who contends with another, especially in combat; an adversary; opponent
A sparrow fluttering about the church is an antagonist which the most profound theologian in Europe is wholly unable to overcome.
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anthem  
n. النشيد الوطني song of praise or patriotism; the song of devotion or loyalty
Let us now all join in singing the national anthem.
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anthropology  
n. انثروبولوجي social science that studies origins and social relationships of human beings
The strength of anthropology is its diversity of approach and perspective, unified by a common theme: the study of human variation and adaptability.
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anticipate  
v. بتوقع act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict
I thought she loved me, outcast as I was, and I, who from man could anticipate only mistrust, rejection, insult, clung to her with filial fondness.
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anticipation  
n. التوقع something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence
Please hold your breath in anticipation of that event.
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antiquate  
v. حل محل make obsolete or old-fashioned
This latest device will antiquate the ice-cube tray.
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antique  
a. العتيقة old; belonging to, made in, or typical of an earlier period
Quite a few of these old booklets can still be found in antique stores or online bookstores.
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anxious  
a. حريصة eager; keen; worried; uneasy, and apprehensive about an uncertain event or matter
It was the last remark that had made the whole party look so grave and anxious.
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apologize  
v. الاعتذار beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something
However, the sooner you apologize for your mistake, the more likely it will be viewed as an error in judgment and not a character flaw.
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apology  
n. اعتذار acknowledgment expressing regret or asking pardon for a fault or offense; explanation or excuse
The consequence of those measures will be the best apology for my conduct.
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apparent  
a. الرابطة capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to the eye
It is apparent to all that he was guilty; do you think anyone still trusts him now?
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appealing  
a. جذابة attractive or interesting; charming
The poor creature dropped on his knees before the stolid murderer and clasped his appealing hands.
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appendix  
n. ملحق something appended or added
The details are clearly set out in an appendix.
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applaud  
v. دورية نشيد acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands
Audiences are usually expected to applaud after a performance.
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appliance  
n. الأجهزة durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use
It has served North Americans with small appliance needs for many years.
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application  
n. تط��يق close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance
Pleased with how well Tom had whitewashed the fence, Aunt Polly praised him for his application to the task.
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apply  
v. تقدم exert; put into service; avail oneself to;
You cannot apply all money to your mortgage.
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appoint  
v. يعين designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility
Becky teased her mother to appoint the next day for the long-promised and long-delayed picnic, and she consented.
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apportion  
v. تقسم distribute; allot; give out as one's portion or share
I want to apportion the money among all the children.
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appreciation  
n. التقدير recognition; taste; judgment or opinion, especially a favorable one
The ambassadors expressed appreciation for the Italian Prime Minister's efforts to clarify that terrorism is absolutely separate from Islam.
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approaching  
a. تقترب impending; of the relatively near future; coming closer to another
When the lookouts first discovered this naval force on Helgoland, there immediately appeared approaching from the German base.
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appropriation  
n. الاعتماد funding;  money set aside for a specific purpose
The appropriation from the central budget totaled 725.3 billion yuan, increasing 21.8 percent over the previous year.
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approve  
v. التقريبية ratify; consider right or good; think or speak favorably of
He said failure to approve the pact would have led to a forced opening and importing much more rice.
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approximately  
ad. الموافقة على حوالي very similarly; roughly
According to testimony at the guilty plea hearing, he used an assumed online identity to sell approximately 637000 stolen credit card numbers.
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apt  
a. الرابطة likely; precisely suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand
The England coach, Bobby Robson, described it as a miracle, which following 'the Hand-of-God' goal seems supremely apt.
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aptitude  
n. الموهبه inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding
The counselor gave him an aptitude test before advising him about the career he should follow.
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aptly  
ad. باقتدار in a competent, capable manner; in an apt or suitable manner
35 years ago, Milton Friedman wrote a famous article whose title aptly summed up its point: The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits.
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aquarium  
n. تقارب الحوض tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals
This is the world's largest aquarium with 8 million gallons of fresh and marine water and more than 100000 animals representing 500 species from around the globe.
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arbitrary  
a. التعسفي randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle
He threw an arbitrary assortment of clothes into his suitcase and headed off, not caring where he went.
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arc  
n. القوس the continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape
Why are rainbows in an arc shape?
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arch  
n. ولي القوس any part of a curved line
She pointed to a wide arch corresponding to the window and hung like it with a Syrian-dyed curtain, now looped up.
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archaeological  
a. القصصية الأثرية related to or dealing with or devoted to archaeology
In recent years one of these caves has drawn attention in archaeological circles.
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archaeology  
n. علم الآثار study of artifacts and relics of early humankind
The professor of archaeology headed an expedition to the Gobi Desert in search of ancient ruins.
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archipelago  
n. أرخبيل group of closely located islands
When I looked at the map and saw the South Seas' archipelago, I longed to visit them.
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architect  
n. مركز البحوث الزراعية معماري one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures
Simon Conder, a British architect, is responsible for this beautiful conversion of a group of farms.
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architectural  
a. شجري المعمارية of or about the art and science of architecture
The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada is a voluntary national association established in 1907.
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architecture  
n. الهندسة المعمارية art and science of designing and erecting buildings; buildings and other large structures
None of the architecture is historic; most of it is made of concrete blocks.
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archives  
n. أرشيف public records; place where public records are kept
These documents should be part of the archives so that historians may evaluate them in the future.
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ardent  
a. شاقة displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate
Her fellow demonstrators were busily making posters and handing out flyers, inspired by her ardent enthusiasm for the cause.
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arena  
n. الساحة a playing field where sports events take place; a large structure for open-air sports or entertainments
For your convenience, arena locations have been divided into two categories; East and West.
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aria  
n. المتحمسين الأغنية operatic solo; a solo vocal piece with instrumental accompaniment
Of course, throwing a pop star at an aria is a particularly uninspired solution.
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arid  
a. القاحلة dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants
The cactus has adapted to survive in an arid environment.
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arise  
v. نشأت come up from a lower to a higher position; come above the horizon; spring up; come into action
The problem may not arise, but there's no harm in keeping our powder dry.
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arithmetic  
n. حسابي theory of numerical calculations
He found a way to set up equations about integers and other constructs in arithmetic.
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armored  
a. مدرعة protected by armor; provided with a protective covering
The cases against three people accused of stealing $7.4 million from an Ohio armored car company were transferred to Ohio from West Virginia.
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arms  
n. الأسلحة weapons considered collectively; official symbols of a family
The first man to be held - said to be a British arms dealer - was reportedly arrested when he met undercover FBI agents posing as terrorists wanting to buy the weapon.
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aroma  
n. رائحة fragrance; scent; pleasant characteristic odor, as of a plant, spice, or food
The aroma is distinctive, but in the end, it's a lemon.
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aromatic  
a. العطرية fragrant or sweet-smelling; caused by fragrant odor
Medieval sailing vessels brought aromatic herbs from China to Europe.
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arouse  
v. إثارة excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep
He suddenly seemed to arouse himself: the conviction of the reality seized him.
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arrange  
v. ترتيب put in proper order; dispose in the manner intended, or best suited for the purpose
Just five years earlier, Carter and I had helped arrange the federal loan guarantee that saved Chrysler from bankruptcy.
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arrangement  
n. الترتيب composition; a plan for how something will happen
This party is intended to legitimize the power-sharing arrangement and iron out at least some of the inequalities in representation.
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arrogance  
n. غطرسة overbearing pride; haughtiness; manifest feeling of personal superiority in rank, power, or estimation
I also think his arrogance is also turning people off.
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arthritis  
n. التهاب المفاصل inflammation of a joint or joints
Multiple treatments have shown success in treating arthritis symptoms, that is, in the relief of symptoms.
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article  
n. المادة essay; editorial; individual thing or element of a class
An article in a national newspaper caused the protests.
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articulate  
a. التعبير expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language
Her articulate presentation of the advertising campaign impressed her employers.
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artificial  
a. اصطناعية made by humans; produced rather than natural.
Researchers have found that kangaroos often become accustomed to these artificial sounds and take little notice of them.
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artillery  
n. المدفعية large weapons, such as cannon and missile launchers operated by crews; army branch in use of large weapons
Our rocket artillery is simply a mass of rounds pointed at the general area of the enemy.
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artisan  
n. الحرفيين manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to an artist
A noted artisan, Arturo, was known for the fine craftsmanship.
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ascribe  
v. صقه inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality
Other people ascribe his exclusion from the canon to an unsubtle form of racism.
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aspect  
n. الجانب distinct feature or element in a problem
And I guess as he's coming back, the education aspect is more on display than the others.
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assassination  
n. اغتيال act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; the murder of public figure by a surprise attack
The assassination is a terrible terrible, unspeakable loss for his family and friends.
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assemble  
v. تجميع put together; bring or call together into a group or whole
Washington announced its decision to dissolve the core group of nations, the US, India, Japan, and Australia; it would assemble to deliver aid.
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assembly  
n. تطمح الجمعية gathering; meeting; a group of persons gathered together for a common reason
What critical missions remain for shuttles after station assembly is completed?
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assess  
v. قياس الأداء estimate  value; judge worth of something
They say that they lack both the money and the resources to deploy officials across the country to assess each ferry's safety.
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assessment  
n. التقييم act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable
Key to this assessment is the critical geographical fact that North Korea is adjacent to South Korea, an affluent democracy.
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asset  
n. الأصول properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality
Hilary Rosen of the Recording Industry Association of America: American intellectual property is our nation's greatest trade asset.
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assign  
v. تعيين appoint; allot; point out authoritatively or exactly
Never underrate the difficulties your pupils will have to encounter or persuade them that what you assign is easy.
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assignment  
n. مهمة a task that was given to students; job; distribution; appointment
I believe that this assignment is the most challenging of them all.
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assimilate  
v. استيعاب incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble
How the United States could assimilate immigrants during the 19th and early 20th century will always be a source of pride to Americans.
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assist  
v. مساعدة give help or support to, especially as a subordinate
A good way to assist is to bring entrepreneurial and business skills to them.
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assistance  
n. المساعدة help, especially money or resources that are given to people  
The government has pledged in return for IMF assistance to redouble its efforts to reform the economy.
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assistant  
n. مساعد helper; a person who assists or helps someone else
I am a textile designer under the title assistant designer at a western wear company.
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associate  
v. مشارك connect or join together; combine
The public is likely to associate a word or mark with a given company.
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association  
n. جمعية connection, whether of persons or things; a union of persons in a company or society for some particular purpose
I benefited a lot from my association with him.
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assortment  
n. متنوعة variety; collection containing a variety of sorts of things
A great assortment of cars was on display.
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assumption  
n. افتراض something taken for accepted as true without proof; taking over or taking possession of
The young princess made the foolish assumption that the regent would not object to power.
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assurance  
n. ضمان promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt
Even in BP CEO Tony Hayward's new television commercial, his assurance is ambiguous.
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astonish  
v. يدهش surprise someone very much; shock
From this wonderful writer who continues to astonish us, now comes a chilling ghost story.
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astonishing  
a. مذهل very wonderful; of a nature to excite astonishment; surprising greatly
What I find a bit astonishing is that folks encourage others to do the same.
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astray  
a. ضلال away from the correct path or direction, either in a literal or in a figurative sense; wandering
Such ideas will only lead the world's people astray.
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astronomer  
n. مذهل الفلكي a physicist who studies astronomy
He felt much as an astronomer feels who has discovered a new planet--no doubt, as far as strong, deep, unalloyed pleasure is concerned.
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astronomical  
a. نجمي الفلكية enormously large or extensive; relating to astronomy
The government seems willing to spend astronomical sums on weapons development.
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astronomy  
n. علم الفلك branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole
The brightened comet in the constellation Virgo may even be visible to the naked eye, allowing members of the public worldwide to join in this historic moment in astronomy.
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asylum  
n. اللجوء place of refuge or shelter; protection
The refugees sought asylum from religious persecution in a new land.
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atheist  
n. الحادي nonbeliever; one who denies the existence of god
The view that children are born atheist is relatively recent.
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athlete  
n. رياضي a sportsman; one who contended for a prize in public games
Our goal is to help the athlete get the best performance.
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atlas  
n. تأسلي أطلس a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables
Embarrassed at being unable to distinguish Slovenia from Slovakia, George W. finally consulted an atlas.
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atmosphere  
n. جو air; a mixture of gases that surrounds any planet
The shuttle burned up while re-entering the earth's atmosphere on Saturday, and any debris will be important in finding out why.
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atom  
n. ذرية a tiny piece of anything; the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element
If any one of them can explain it, I'll give him sixpence. I don't believe there's an atom of meaning in it.
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atomic  
a. ذرية of or relating to or comprising atoms; immeasurably small
Iran was never pursuing an atomic bomb, Iran's Oil Minister said in a press conference here.
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attach  
v. ترفق fasten; annex; be in contact with
The anti-nuclear campaigners used concrete blocks and chains to attach themselves to the rails.
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attachment  
n. مرفق a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory
Her simplicity, gay prattle, and efforts to please inspired me, in return, with a degree of attachment sufficient to make us both content in each other's society.
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attack  
n. هجوم offensive move; expression of strong criticism; hostile comment
A national newspaper received an anonymous phone call warning about the attack just minutes before the first device exploded.
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attainment  
n. تحقيق something, such as an accomplishment or achievement; achievement
The end of all scholarly attainment is to live nobly.
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attendance  
n. الحضور act of being present
In some countries, taking lots of days off work sick would get you fired, and the idea of offering prizes for good attendance would be little more than a joke.
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attendant  
n. يصاحب aide; servant; accompanying; a person who participates in a meeting
The FBI has published an affidavit that describes how a flight attendant first smelled smoke from a match.
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attention  
n. اهتمام act or state of attending or heeding; application of the mind to any object of sense, representation, or thought
Ladies and gentlemen, could I have your attention, please?
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attentive  
a. الإلحادية alert and watchful; considerate; thoughtful
Spellbound, the attentive audience watched the final game of the tennis match, never taking their eyes from the ball.
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attic  
n. العلية story or room directly below the roof of a building, especially a house;
Of the various things you mentioned, the attic is a likely source of heat loss.
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attorney  
n. المحامي lawyer; one who is appointed by another to act in his place or stead; proxy
Did this attorney mean to throw away his client's life without an effort?
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attract  
v. جذب draw to, or cause to tend to; engage or fix, as the mind, attention; invite or allure
The government is trying to attract more investment into the shipbuilding industry.
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attraction  
n. الجذب appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts
Harriet died peacefully in her enclosure at a zoo in northern Australia, where she was the star attraction.
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attribute  
v. سمة relate to particular cause or source; ascribe; explain
I attribute her success in science to the encouragement she received from her parents.
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attribute  
n. سمة essential quality; reputation; honor
His outstanding attribute was his kindness.
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audible  
a. حجية perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear
He turned his head slightly, his lips moving in a phrase audible only to the Caverna.
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audit  
v. التدقيق examine, verify, or correct the financial accounts of
Independent accountants audit the company annually.
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audition  
v. الاختبار take part in a trial performance; evaluate in a trial performance
She scheduled to audition for a role on Broadway.
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auditorium  
n. القاعة area of theater or concert hall where the audience sits
A seat in the stalls or in one of the elaborate boxes surrounding the horseshoe-shaped auditorium now costs nearly 700 pounds.
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auger  
n. اوجير hand tool for boring holes; hollow drill used to take core samples of soil, ice
It was amazing what they could make just using an ax and an auger.
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augment  
v. زيادة make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity
Armies augment their forces by calling up reinforcements.
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august  
a. أغسطس impressive; majestic; inspiring awe or admiration
Visiting the palace at Versailles, she was impressed by the august surroundings in which she found herself.
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authentic  
a. حجية not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy
It is authentic, genuine, and a true and correct copy of the original.
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authenticate  
v. مصادقة prove genuine; establish authenticity of
An expert was needed to authenticate the original Van Gogh painting, distinguishing it from its imitation.
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author  
n. جاذبية الكاتب beginner, former, or first mover of anything; creator; originator; one who composes or writes book or composer
In delivering the prize to the author of it, the mayor of the village made a warm speech.
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authority  
n. مسموعة السلطة jurisdiction; power to enforce laws, exact obedience, command, determine, or judge; government
The laws will reinforce Australia's authority to turn boats away from Australia.
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authorize  
v. تأذن empower; give permission for; sanction
President Bush and House Leaders agreed on a resolution to authorize force against Iraq.
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autobiographical  
a. السيرة الذاتية of or relating to a person's life or an account of a person's life
They compiled an autobiographical history of the movement.
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autobiography  
n. السيرة الذاتية biography or story written by yourself
I shall not indulge in autobiography by speaking of my own country.
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automated  
a. السيارات mechanical; automatic; accomplished without the intervention of a human operator
Engineers strive to combine automated devices with mathematical and organizational tools to create complex systems.
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automatic  
a. أوتوماتيكية mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control
There were several bursts of automatic fire.
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automobile  
n. سيارات self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadway
There will be an exhibition on the development of the automobile industry in our country next week.
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automotive  
a. السيارات of or relating to motor vehicles; moving by itself; self-propelling
We provide unique automotive tools and supplies, as well as expert advice and solutions.
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autonomous  
a. تشريح self-governing; not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent
Although the University of California at Berkeley is just one part of the state university system, it is autonomous in many ways.
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autonomy  
n. الإستقلالية independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination
The study also called for the three thousand Rapa Nui people of Easter Island to be given greater autonomy.
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auxiliary  
a. الحكم الذاتي مساعدة helper, additional or subsidiary
To prepare for the emergency, they built an auxiliary power station.
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avalanche  
n. الانهيار a great mass of falling snow and ice
The park ranger warned the skiers to stay on the main trails, where they would be in no danger of being buried beneath a sudden avalanche.
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avant-garde  
n. الآلي الطليعي radically new or original; cutting edge
It collects news, reviews, image galleries, and texts concerning avant-garde culture and contemporary art in Tokyo.
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avenge  
v. انتقاما take vengeance for something, or on behalf of someone
Hamlet vowed he would avenge his father's murder and punish Claudius for his horrible crime.
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avenue  
n. شارع way or opening for entrance or exit place; passage by which a place may be reached; broad street
The procession moved along the main avenue some three-quarters of a mile.
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average  
a. متوسط typical; mean; achieve or reach on average
Other scientists predict that the average human life span will grow to 130 years.
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aversion  
n. كره firm dislike; turning away; avoidance of a thing, situation, or behavior because of dislike
Risk aversion is one of the most serious problems and the highest cost of our human space flight.
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avert  
v. القفص prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away
She had to avert her eyes from the dead cat on the highway.
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aviation  
n. طيران art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics
A group of British and French civil aviation experts meeting in Paris had failed to develop new proposals to improve Concorde's security.
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avid  
a. تجنب متعطشا greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm
He was avid for learning and read everything he could get.
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avocation  
n. هوائي person's regular business or occupation; hobby or recreational or leisure pursuit
For the past several years, I've made an avocation study of Jesus and his followers in their historical context.
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avoidance  
n. تجنب keeping away from or preventing from happening
Tax avoidance is the legal utilization of the tax regime to one's own advantage in order to reduce the amount of tax.
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awareness  
n. مطرز realization; consciousness; having knowledge of
Organ donation awareness is high in Pennsylvania due mainly to effective education by state governments.
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awkwardly  
ad. مؤلم in an uncomfortable, nervous, or embarrassed way
The 64-year-old man spoke slowly, almost awkwardly to his people, promising a stable government in which no corruption would be tolerated.
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