4000 FCE Vocabulary List

n. something happens without design; chance; hazard; risk; danger
I can't even decide which step of this adventure is the most aggravating.

n. one who enjoys exciting, dangerous activities, often in foreign countries
He was the great romantic hero of his century, an adventurer, and after his death in 1967, he became a symbol of revolution on t-shirts and walls of student homes.

a. valiant; venturesome; inclined or willing to incur hazard or engage in adventures
Tom's younger brother  Sid was already through with his part of the work, for he was a quiet boy and had no adventurous, troublesome ways.

n. the opponent in a contest; someone who offers opposition
The young wrestler struggled to defeat his adversary.

a. in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose
The recession had a highly adverse effect on his father's investment portfolio: he lost so much money that he could no longer afford the house.

ad. negatively; in an adverse manner; oppositely; inimically; offensively; unfortunately
Global Witness says that in the same way that blood diamonds have adversely affected the lives of people in Sierra Leone and Liberia.

n. state of misfortune, hardship, or affliction; misfortune
A young boy whose strength in adversity is an inspiration to all who know him.

v. give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of
We decided to advertise our new product.

v. speak, plead, or argue in favor of; plead for; push for something
Some doctors advocate a smoking ban in the entire house.

n. one that argues for a cause; supporter or defender
I guess a Twitter security advocate is a Twitter user whose account has been hacked.

a. elegant or tasteful; of or concerning the appreciation of beauty or good taste
Kenneth Cole, the American designer, known for his modern, urban aesthetic, is hawking $35 T-shirts.

v. have an emotional or cognitive impact upon
The move is likely to affect women and girls worldwide as international brands such as Mango and Zara have signed up to the agreement.

n. fondness; tender feeling toward another; fondness
I happen to think that the physical expression of love and affection is just about the best thing we humans do.

a. having affection or warm regard; loving; fond; kindly inclined; zealous
He enfolded the child in an affectionate embrace.

n. natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage
She felt an affinity with all who suffered; their pains were her pains.

a. confirmative; ratifying; giving assent or approval; confirming
The result will allow schools to know what they can do and not do in affirmative action programs.

v. cause pain, suffering, or distress
Restless legs syndrome is thought to afflict millions, though there's an argument about just how many.

a. having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value
They want the same opportunity to pursue their dreams as everyone else who lives in affluent school districts.

v. pay; provide; have the financial means for; bear the cost of
The deal reduces the cost of certain AIDS drugs and gives developing countries the confidence to afford to treat citizens in the long-term.

a. able to pay for
We need treatments that are more affordable, and we need an HIV vaccine that can have the same impact on the HIV epidemic as vaccines have had on smallpox and other diseases.