abbreviation | n. [аббревиатура] shortening something by omitting parts of it |
abolish | v. [отменить] cancel; put an end to; destroy completely |
aboriginal | a. [аборигенов] being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native |
abound | v. [изобилуют] be full of; be plentiful |
abrasion | n. [истиранию] scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something |
abridge | v. [Краткое] condense; shorten; reduce length of written text |
abundance | n. [изобилие] great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing |
accelerate | v. [ускорения] move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected |
acclaim | v. [Награды] applaud; announce with great approval |
accommodation | n. [Размещение] living quarters provided for public convenience; something that meets a need; convenience |
accord | n. [соглашение] settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states |
accumulate | v. [накапливаются] pile up; collect; mount up; increase |
accuser | n. [обвинитель] one who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault |
acquaint | v. [ознакомиться] inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar |
adept | a. [адепт] expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude |
adhere | v. [придерживаться] stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with |
adjacent | a. [смежных] adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near |
adjoin | v. [примыкают] be next to; be contiguous to; border on |
administrate | v. [администрирование] administer; supply; supervise or be in charge of |
adolescence | n. [подростковом возрасте] state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; transitional period between youth and maturity |
advent | n. [появлением] coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important |
adverse | a. [неблагоприятных] in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose |
aerial | a. [воздушных] of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air |
aesthetic | a. [эстетическое] elegant or tasteful; of or concerning the appreciation of beauty or good taste |
affiliate | v. [филиал] associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another |
affirm | v. [утверждаем] state something as true; assert; confirm |
affix | v. [наносить] fasten; append; add on; secure to something |
afflict | v. [страдает] cause pain, suffering, or distress |
aggregate | v. [совокупности] gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to |
agitation | n. [агитация] anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance |
agreeable | a. [приятным] ready to consent or submit; acceptable |
airing | a. [проветривание] exposure to air for freshening or drying; exposure to public attention; radio or television broadcast |
albeit | ad. [хотя] even though; although; notwithstanding |
allege | v. [утверждает] state without proof; assert to be true |
alleviate | v. [облегчения] provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part |
allocate | v. [выделить] assign; distribute according to plan |
allot | v. [выделить] parcel out in parts or portions; distribute to each individual concerned; assign as a share or lot |
alloy | v. [сплав] combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate |
alphabetical | a. [алфавиту] arranged in customary order of the letters of a language |
ambiguity | n. [неопределенность] state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty |
ambiguous | a. [неоднозначное] unclear or doubtful in meaning |
amend | v. [изменить] change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors |
amid | ad. [среди] in the middle of; among; surrounded by |
amidst | ad. [среди] amid; in the middle of; among |
amplify | v. [усиления] broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase |
analyse | v. [анализа] resolve anything complex into its elements; separate into parts for examination of each separately |
analytical | a. [аналитические] of analysis; resolving into elements or parts |
ancestor | n. [предка] forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor |
anecdote | n. [анекдот] a short account of the amusing or interesting event; short narrative; a secret story of history or biography |
annihilate | v. [уничтожить] destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence |
annuity | n. [ренты] annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year |
antagonism | n. [антагонизм] active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor |
antarctic | a. [Антарктики] opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or the region near it |
anthology | n. [антология] book of literary selections by various authors |
apologetic | a. [апологетических] offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense |
apparatus | n. [аппарата] a group of parts that work together to perform a given function; appliance, or device for a particular purpose |
append | v. [добавить] attach; add as supplement or appendix |
appliance | n. [устройство] durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use |
applicant | n. [заявителя] candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job |
appraisal | n. [оценки] assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth |
appreciable | a. [заметной] large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible |
apprentice | n. [ученика] works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner |
approximate | v. [приближенные] come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount |
apt | a. [АСТ] likely; precisely suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand |
aquatic | a. [водных] consisting of, relating to, or being in the water |
arbitrary | a. [произвольной] randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle |
archaic | a. [архаичных] no longer current or applicable; antiquated |
ardent | a. [горячим] displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate |
arduous | a. [трудный] demanding great effort or labor; difficult |
armour | n. [доспехи] defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or leather, worn to protect the body against weapons |
arouse | v. [вызывают] excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep |
array | v. [массив] set out for display or use; place in orderly arrangement |
ascend | v. [подниматься] move up or climb something; mount |
ascent | n. [восхождение] upward slope or grade; movement upward |
ascertain | v. [установить] find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of |
ascribe | v. [приписывают] inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality |
aspiration | n. [стремление] ambition; something that you hope to achieve |
aspire | v. [Aspire] seek to attain; long for; strive toward an end |
assert | v. [утверждать] declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly |
assorted | a. [ассорти] varied; consisting of various types mixed together |
astound | v. [поразить] affect with wonder; surprise; shock |
attain | v. [достижения] achieve or accomplish; gain |
attribute | n. [атрибута] essential quality; reputation; honor |
audible | a. [звуковой] perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear |
augment | v. [увеличить] make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity |
authoritative | a. [авторитетных] weighting authority; peremptory and dictatorial |
automate | v. [автоматизации] replace or enhance human labor with machines |
automation | n. [Автоматизация] the use of machines and computers that can operate without needing human control |
autonomy | n. [автономии] independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination |
auxiliary | a. [вспомогательных] helper, additional or subsidiary |
avail | v. [воспользоваться] turn to the advantage of; be of service to; profit; promote |
avert | v. [предотвратить] prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away |
aviation | n. [авиация] art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics |
axis | n. [оси] the center around which something rotates; pivot |
badminton | n. [бадминтон] game played on a court with light long-handled rackets |
baffle | v. [перегородки] frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of |
bamboo | n. [бамбука] plant of the family of grasses, and genus Bambusa, growing in tropical countries |
barometer | n. [барометр] an instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere |
barricade | n. [баррикада] hastily put together defensive barrier; obstacle |
barter | v. [бартер] trade goods or services without the exchange of money |
bead | n. [шарик] small piece of material, such as glass, plastic, or wood that is pierced for stringing |
beautician | n. [косметолог] one skilled in giving cosmetic treatments; one who does hair styling, manicures, and other beauty treatments |
beneficial | a. [полезных] helpful; tending to promote physical well-being |
berth | n. [причал] space for the ship to dock or anchor; allotted place; the place to sleep or stay; appointment or job |
beset | v. [сталкиваются] attack from all sides; trouble persistently; hem in |
bewilder | v. [замешательство] lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes |
bibliography | n. [библиография] list of works of a specific author or publisher; list of writings relating to a given subject |
bilateral | a. [двусторонних] two-sided; mutual; involving two groups or countries |
bilingual | n. [двуязычные] using or able to use two languages, especially with equal or nearly equal fluency |
bitumen | n. [битум] mineral pitch; black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame |
bloc | n. [блок] a group of nations, parties, or persons united for common action |
blot | n. [пятно] spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; a weak point or failing |
blunder | n. [ошибка] serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion |
boast | v. [похвастаться] show off oneself; speak of with excessive pride |
bookcase | n. [Стеллаж] case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors |
bookkeeper | n. [бухгалтера] one who keeps accounts; one who has charge of keeping books and accounts in an office |
bookstall | n. [книжном киоске] stall where books are sold, as on the street; table with enclosed sides, for displaying books for sale |
boundary | n. [границы] dividing line; border; frontier |
boycott | v. [бойкот] refrain from buying or using |
brashness | n. [нахальство] characteristic of being brash; the trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness |
brisk | a. [оживленная] marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic; swift; keen or sharp in speech or manner |
browse | v. [просмотреть] graze; skim or glance at casually |
bulge | v. [выпуклости] cause to curve outward; swell up; stick out; protrude |
bungalow | n. [Бунгало] small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic |
buoyant | a. [плавучей] able to float; cheerful and optimistic |
bureaucracy | n. [бюрократия] over-regulated administrative system |
burrow | n. [нора] tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; moving through by or as by digging |
bustle | v. [суета] move or cause to move energetically and busily; teem |
calamity | n. [бедствия] the event that brings terrible loss, lasting distress, or severe affliction; disaster; misery |
calcium | n. [кальция] silvery, moderately hard metallic element |
calorie | n. [калории] unit of heat equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree |
canteen | n. [столовая] a vessel used by soldiers for carrying water or other drinks; snack bar or small cafeteria |
caption | n. [заголовок] title; chapter heading; text under illustration |
carcass | n. [туши] the dead body of an animal, especially one slaughtered and dressed for food |
catalyst | n. [катализатора] an agent which brings about chemical change while it remains unaffected and unchanged |
caustic | a. [каустической] capable of burning, corroding, dissolving, or eating away by chemical action |
censor | n. [цензуры] overseer of morals; official responsible for removal of objectionable or sensitive content |
centenary | a. [столетие] relating to a 100-year period; occurring once every 100 years |
certify | v. [сертификации] give certain information to; assure; make certain |
characterize | v. [характеризуют] distinguish; be characteristic of; be a distinctive trait or mark of |
chasm | n. [пропасть] deep opening in the earth surface |
chaste | a. [целомудренной] morally pure in thought or conduct; decent and modest |
chore | n. [хозяйственная] a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee |
chronological | a. [хронологической] arranged in order of time of occurrence |
circulate | v. [распространяет] move through space, circuit, or system, returning to the starting point |
circumference | n. [окружности] the boundary line of a circle, figure, area, or object |
cite | v. [цитировать] quote; adduce as an instance |
clasp | n. [застежка] fastening device; firm grip |
classify | v. [классификации] declare unavailable, as for security reasons; arrange or order by classes or categories |
clockwise | ad. [часовой] in the direction that the hands of a clock move |
cluster | n. [кластера] group; bunch; group of the same or similar elements gathered or occurring closely |
coarse | a. [грубых] rough; harsh; of low, common, or inferior quality |
coeducation | n. [совместного обучения] system of education in which both men and women attend the same institution or classes |
cognitive | a. [когнитивные] knowing or perceiving; part of mental functions that deals with logic |
coherent | a. [когерентного] adhesive; sticking together; capable of thinking and expressing yourself in a clear and consistent manner |
coil | n. [катушки] a series of connected spirals or concentric rings formed by gathering or winding; spiral pipe or series of spiral pipes |
coincide | v. [совпадают] occur at the same time as; correspond |
collaboration | n. [сотрудничество] act of working together; act of cooperating with an enemy, especially it occupying one's own country |
collide | v. [сталкиваются] bump; hit something violently |
combustible | a. [горючих] capable of igniting and burning; easily aroused or excited |
commemorate | v. [память] serve as a memorial to; honor the memory of with a ceremony |
commend | v. [воздать] commit, entrust, or give in charge for care or preservation; recommend as worthy of confidence or regard |
commodity | n. [товара] goods; article of trade; advantage; benefit |
commonplace | a. [банальность] ordinary; having no remarkable features |
commute | v. [коммутируют] obtain or bargain for exemption or substitution; regularly travel from a place of residence to another place |
commuter | n. [пригородного] someone who regularly travels from home in a suburb to work in a city |
comparable | a. [сопоставимых] similar or equivalent; being of equal regard; worthy of being ranked with |
compel | v. [заставить] force; coerce; necessitate or pressure by force |
compile | v. [компи��яции] put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources |
complement | v. [дополнения] complete; consummate; make perfect |
compliance | n. [соблюдения] readiness to yield; happy friendly agreement |
compose | v. [сочинять] write; create; make or create by putting together parts or elements |
composite | a. [составной] made up of distinct parts or elements; compounded |
compress | v. [сжатия] close; squeeze or press together; contract |
comprise | v. [включают] include; consist of; be composed of |
compulsory | a. [обязательного] mandatory; obligatory; required by rule |
compute | v. [вычисления] reckon; make a mathematical calculation |
concerted | a. [согласованные] planned or accomplished together; combined |
concise | a. [краткой] brief and compact; expressing much in few words |
concoct | v. [придумать] digest; convert into nourishment by the organs of nutrition |
concurrent | a. [одновременно] simultaneous; coincident; occurring or operating at the same time |
condense | v. [конденсации] change from a gaseous to a liquid state and fall in drops; compress or concentrate |
condolence | n. [соболезнования] expression of sympathy with another in sorrow or grief. |
confer | v. [конференции] bestow; present; have a conference in order to talk something over |
configuration | n. [Конфигурация] arrangement of parts or elements; outline |
confine | v. [ограничиться] restrict in movement; circumscribe |
conform | v. [соответствовать] comply with; follow; fit; meet |
congestion | n. [заторов] act of gathering or heaping together or forming a mass |
congruent | a. [конгруэнтных] possessing congruity; suitable; agreeing; corresponding |
conscientious | a. [добросовестный] diligent; responsible; reliable |
consecutive | a. [последовательных] following one after another without interruption; sequential |
consequent | a. [последующим] resulting; following as a logical conclusion |
conservation | n. [сохранения] preservation or restoration from loss, damage, or neglect |
conservatory | n. [консерватории] greenhouse; school of music or dramatic art |
conserve | v. [сохранение] retain; protect from loss or harm; preserve; use carefully or sparingly, avoiding waste |
consign | v. [предать] give, transfer, or deliver formally, as if by signing over into the possession of another |
consist | v. [состоят] be made up or composed; be comprised or contained in |
consolidate | v. [консолидировать] make solid; unite or press together into a compact mass; harden or make dense and firm |
conspicuous | a. [заметными] noticeable; prominent; easy to notice; obvious |
constituent | n. [учредительных] component or part; citizen, voter |
constitute | v. [представляют собой] make up; form something |
constrain | v. [ограничить] restrain; keep within close bounds; confine |
constrict | v. [сужают] restrict; shrink; make smaller or narrower by binding or squeezing |
construct | v. [построить] form by assembling or combining parts; build; create |
contaminate | v. [загрязнять] make impure or unclean by contact or mixture; pollute; defile |
contemplate | v. [созерцать] look at attentively and thoughtfully; observe deep in thought |
contend | v. [бороться] strive in opposition; contest; dispute; struggle for |
contention | n. [утверждение] competing as for any profit or prize |
continuity | n. [непрерывности] property of a continuous and connected period of time |
contradict | v. [противоречит] confront; state the opposite of what someone has said |
contradiction | n. [противоречие] the assertion of contrary; denial of the truth of a statement; opposition, whether by argument or conduct |
contrive | v. [придумать] form by an exercise of ingenuity; invent or design |
convene | v. [со��вать] cause to come together formally |
converge | v. [сходятся] approach; tend to meet; come together |
converse | v. [обратное] chat; talk informally; engage in a spoken exchange of thoughts |
conversely | ad. [Обратно] in a converse manner; with change of order or relation; reciprocally. |
correlate | v. [коррелируют] relate; associate; bring into a mutual relation |
correspond | v. [соответствует] be compatible, similar or consistent; exchange messages |
correspondence | n. [соответствия] similarity or analogy; communication by the exchange of letters |
correspondent | a. [Корреспондент] one who communicates information, especially, by letter or telegram to newspaper or periodical |
corresponding | a. [соответствующие] accompanying; analogous or equivalent in character, form, or function; comparable |
cosmopolitan | a. [космополитической] sophisticated; of worldwide scope |
cosy | n. [уютный] padded or knitted covering placed especially over a teapot to keep the tea hot; cozy |
counterbalance | v. [противовес] act as force or influence that balances, checks, or limits an opposite one |
counterpart | n. [коллега] duplicate copy; one that closely resembles another |
crater | n. [кратер] a bowl-shaped opening at the top of a volcano |
crease | n. [увеличение] a line or long thin mark made by folding or doubling |
criterion | n. [критерии] standard of judging; any approved or established rule or test |
crouch | v. [Крауч] bend down; stoop low; lie close to the ground with the legs bent, as an animal when waiting for prey or in fear |
culminate | v. [завершится] reach the highest or most decisive point; rise to the summit |
cultivate | v. [культивировать] improve and prepare, as by plowing or fertilizing, for raising crops; promote the growth of |
cumbersome | a. [громоздким] heavy; difficult to handle because of weight or bulk |
cumulative | a. [совокупный] increasing by successive addition |
curriculum | n. [Программа] the subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college; course or program |
curtail | v. [сократить] cut short or reduce; cut off end or tail, or any part |
custodian | n. [хранитель] a person who has responsibility for or looks after something; guardian |
deadlock | n. [тупик] standstill resulting from the opposition of two forces or factions; stalemate |
dearth | n. [нехватка] scarcity; shortage of food; famine from failure or loss of crops |
decompose | v. [Разложим] decay, or to cause something to decay |
decrease | v. [уменьшение] lessen; reduce; make a quantity smaller |
decrepit | a. [дряхлый] weakened, worn out, or broken down by old age, illness, or hard use |
deduce | v. [вывести] lead forth; conclude by reasoning; trace the origin or derivation of |
deduct | v. [вычесть] lead forth or out; take away, separate, or remove, in numbering, estimating, or calculating; subtract |
deem | v. [счесть] decide; judge; sentence; condemn |
default | n. [умолчанию] failure to act; an option that is selected automatically |
defer | v. [отложить] delay till later; put off; hold back to a later time |
defiance | n. [нарушение] refusal to yield; readiness to contend or resist |
defile | v. [дефиле] pollute; make dirty or spotty |
deflate | v. [выкачать] reduce from an inflated condition; release contained air or gas from |
deflect | v. [отвлечь] turn aside; draw someone's attention away from something |
defraud | v. [обмануть] deprive of some right, interest, or property, by a deceitful device |
deft | a. [ловкие] quick and skillful; neat in action or performance |
degrade | v. [ухудшить] reduce level; lower grade of something |
delectable | a. [восхитительном] delightful; delicious; extremely pleasing to the sense of taste |
delegate | n. [делегат] a person authorized to act as a representative for another; deputy |
delirium | n. [бред] a mental disorder marked by confusion |
delude | v. [обманывать] deceive mind or judgment of; lead from truth or into error; frustrate or disappoint |
deluge | n. [потоп] great flood; heavy downpour; any overflowing of water |
demolish | v. [снести] raze; destroy; do away with completely; put an end to |
denomination | n. [наименование] class, society, or collection of individuals called by the same name; specifically, a religious sect |
denote | v. [обозначим] indicate; signify directly; refer to specifically |
depict | v. [и��ображать] represent in a picture or sculpture; portray in words; describe |
deplete | v. [разрушающим] decrease fullness of; use up or empty out |
depletion | n. [истощение] act of emptying, reducing, or exhausting |
deplore | v. [сожалеем] feel or express strong disapproval of; condemn; express sorrow or grief over; regret |
depress | v. [нажмите] lower in spirits; press down |
derelict | a. [заброшенные] left and abandoned; negligent in performing a duty |
derive | v. [получить] obtain or receive from a source; trace the origin or development of |
descend | v. [спуститься] move downward and lower; come from; be connected by a relationship of blood |
designate | v. [назначают] indicate or specify; point out; assign a name or title to |
desolate | a. [пустынной] unpopulated; providing no shelter or sustenance; devoid of inhabitants |
destine | v. [Направляемся] intend or choose someone or something for a particular purpose or end |
detach | v. [отсоединения] part; separate or disunite; disengage |
detain | v. [задержать] keep back or from; withhold; restrain from proceeding; stay or stop; delay |
deter | v. [определяется] keep from; stop; prevent or discourage from acting |
detriment | n. [ущерб] harm; damage; injury; something that causes damage, harm, or loss |
detrimental | a. [пагубно] causing damage or harm; injurious |
devastate | v. [опустошить] ruin; lay waste; destroy; make desolate |
deviate | v. [отклоняться] turn away from a principle, norm; depart; diverge |
devise | v. [разработки] form, plan, or arrange in mind; transmit or give by will |
devour | v. [пожирать] consume; eat greedily; destroy completely |
diagnose | v. [диагностики] analyze; examine; identify the cause of something |
diagram | n. [диаграмма] graph; chart; figure or drawing made to illustrate a statement; plan |
dialect | n. [диалекта] vocabulary that is for a specific group of people |
diameter | n. [диаметр] length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference |
differentiate | v. [дифференцировать] set apart; distinguish; perceive or show the difference in or between |
diffuse | v. [диффузного] spread out widely; scatter freely; pour out and cause to spread freely |
dilapidated | a. [ветхого] in disrepair, run-down; of very poor quality or condition |
dilate | v. [распространяться] make wider or larger; cause to expand; enlarge; widen |
diligent | a. [прилежным] assiduous; industrious; hard-working |
dilute | v. [разбавленных] weaken; make thinner or less concentrated by adding a liquid such as water |
diminish | v. [уменьшится] dwindle; reduce; make smaller or less or to cause to appear so |
din | n. [DIN] loud, confused, harsh noise; loud, continuous, rattling, or clanging sound |
dingy | a. [грязно] darkened with smoke and grime; dirty or discolored |
diplomat | n. [дипломат] one who is in charge to deal with others, like an ambassador, who is appointed to represent a government |
disarray | v. [беспорядок] throw into disorder; break the array of. |
discard | v. [отказаться] throw out something from one's hand; get rid of |
discern | v. [различать] detect; perceive, recognize, or understand something that is not clear |
disclose | v. [раскрывать] unclose; open; remove a cover or envelope from; lay open or expose to view |
discord | n. [разлад] conflict; lack of agreement among persons, groups, or things |
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