artifacts object produced or shaped by human craft, especially a tool, weapon, or ornament of archaeological or historical interest |
barter economy a system of exchange by which goods or services are directly exchanged for other goods or services without using a medium of exchange, such as money |
Buddhism a religion represented by the many groups (especially in Asia) that profess various forms of the Buddhist doctrine and that venerate Buddha |
caste system a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity |
Chinese civilization a country of eastern Asia, ancient civilization traditionally dates to c. 2700 b.c |
Christianity the collective body of Christians throughout the world and history |
city states a state consisting of a sovereign city |
command economy an economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined centrally by a government |
constitutional monarchies a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the guidelines of a constitution |
dictatorship a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator |
Egypt civilization a country of northeast Africa and the Sinai Peninsula on the Mediterranean Sea, in ancient times it was a flourishing kingdom and one of the earliest known civilizations |
feudal system the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th century; vassals were protected by lords who they had to serve in war |
Greek civilization ancient Greece was an ancient civilization belonging to a period of Greek history that lasted from the Archaic period of the 8th to 6th centuries BC to the end of antiquity. |
Hinduism the religion of most people in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal |
impact forceful consequence; strong effect; influencing strongly |
Incan civilization the Andean civilizations made up a loose patchwork of different cultures that developed from the highlands of Colombia to the Atacama Desert |
irrigation supplying water to the land to help crops grow |
Islam the monotheistic religious system of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran |
Judaism the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud |
lake a purplish red pigment prepared from lac or cochineal; a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land |
market economy an economy that relies chiefly on market forces to allocate goods and resources and to determine prices |
Mayan civilization noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as for its art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems |
migration movement of persons from one country or locality to another |
monarchy government under a single ruler |
nomadic leading a wandering life with no fixed abode; changeable; unsettled |
oligarchy government by a few persons, especially by a small faction of persons or families |
peninsula a piece of land almost completely surrounded by water but joined to a larger mass of land |
physical regions natural region is a basic geographic unit |
plateau highland; upland; relatively flat highland |
political of or relating to your views about social relationships involving authority or power; of or relating to the profession of governing |
representative democracy a variety of democracy founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people, as opposed to direct democracy |
Roman civilization the history of Rome spans 2,800 years of the existence of a city that grew from a small Latin village in the 9th century BC into the center of a vast civilization that dominated the Mediterranean region for centuries |
settlement patterns distribution of human settlements on the landscape |