abandon:
n. التخلي عن lacking restraint or control; feeling of extreme emotional intensity; unbounded enthusiasm | abbreviate:
v. اختصار make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase |
abbreviation:
n. اختصار shortening something by omitting parts of it | abnormal:
a. الشاذ unusual; not typical; not normal |
aboard:
ad. متن on a ship, train, plane, or other vehicles; in or into a group, organization, or business | abort:
v. إفشال stop; terminate before completion; terminate a pregnancy |
abortion:
n. الإجهاض termination of pregnancy; failure of a plan | abrasive:
a. جلخ rubbing away; tending to grind down |
absence:
n. غياب state of being absent; state of being away | absent:
a. تغيب go away or leave; missing; not present |
absentee:
n. الغائبين one who is absent or not in residence | absolute:
a. المطلقة perfect in quality or nature; complete; totally unlimited; certain |
absolutely:
ad. تماما utterly; not viewed in relation to other things or factors | absorb:
v. استيعاب assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention |
absorption:
n. استيعاب process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion; state of mental concentration | abstract:
a. الملخص theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand |
absurd:
a. سخيفة preposterous; ridiculously incongruous or unreasonable; foolish | abundant:
a. فيرة plentiful; possessing riches or resources |
abuse:
n. مخالف improper use or handling; misuse | academic:
a. الأكاديمية related to school; not practical or directly useful; relating to the scholarly organization; based on formal education |
academy:
n. مساءلة school for special instruction; society of scholars, scientists, or artists | accelerate:
v. تسريع move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected |
acceleration:
n. تسريع a faster rate of improvement; the rate of change of velocity to time | access:
n. عكس الوصول approach; entry; entrance |
accessible:
a. الوصول easily approached or entered; obtainable; easy to talk to or get along with | accident:
n. الحوادث an event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; sudden, and unexpected event |
accidental:
a. عرضي unexpected; happening by chance, unintentionally | accidentally:
ad. بطريق الخطأ inadvertently; by chance; casually; fortuitously; not essentially or intrinsically |
accompaniment:
n. المرافق act of accompanying someone or something | accompany:
v. تصاحب travel with; be associated with |
accomplish:
v. مرافقة إنجاز succeed in doing; bring to pass; achieve; reach the end of; complete | accomplished:
a. إنجاز skilled; experienced; having many social graces; polished or refined |
accomplishment:
n. الإنجاز achievement; fulfillment; something that is successful | account:
n. حساب narrative or record of events; the reason given for a particular action or event |
accountant:
n. محاسب one who maintains and audits business accounts | accounting:
n. المحاسبة a system that provides quantitative information about finances |
accumulate:
v. معدومة pile up; collect; mount up; increase | accumulation:
n. تراكم increase by natural growth or addition; concentration |
accuracy:
n. الدقة quality of nearness to the truth or the true value | accurate:
a. دقيقة capable of providing a correct reading or measurement; performing with care and precision |
accusation:
n. الاتهام indictment; charge of wrongdoing that is made against a person or other party | accuse:
v. يتهمون blame; say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind |
accused:
n. أكاديمية متهم defendant or defendants in a criminal case; a person charged with an offense | acid:
n. حمض sour; water-soluble compounds having a sour taste; quality of being sarcastic, bitter, or scornful |
acidic:
a. الحمضية tasting sour like acid; being or containing an acid | acidity:
n. الحموضة pH values below 7; taste experience when something acidic is taken into the mouth |
acknowledge:
v. محمض declare to be true or admit; express obligation, thanks | acquaintance:
n. التعارف personal knowledge or information about someone or something |
activate:
v. تنشيط make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive | actively:
ad. بنشاط energetically; vigorously; voluntarily, not passively |
actual:
a. الفعلي true; real; being, existing, or acting at the present moment; current | actuate:
v. تحفيز put into motion or action; activate |
acumen:
n. الفطنة mental keenness; quickness of perception | acupuncture:
n. الوخز بالابر treatment of pain or disease by inserting the tips of needles at specific points on the skin |
acute:
a. حاد quickly perceptive; keen; having a sharp point or tip; extremely sharp or severe | adapt:
v. التكيف make fit for; change to suit a new purpose |
adaptation:
n. التكيف modification; alteration or adjustment in structure or habits | additional:
a. إضافية further; extra; supplemental or added to |
address:
v. العنوان make a formal speech to; deal with or discuss; direct efforts or attention of | adequate:
a. كاف sufficient; enough to meet a purpose |
adhere:
v. تمسكا stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with | adhesive:
n. لاصق glue; paste; the substance that unites or bonds surfaces together |
adhesive:
a. لاصق sticky; glutinous; tending to persist | adjoining:
a. المجاورة neighboring; being in contact at some point or line; joining to |
adjunct:
n. مساعد something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior | adjust:
v. توفق change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable |
adjustment:
n. تعديل making or becoming suitable; adjusting to circumstances | administer:
v. إدارة govern; supervise; give or apply medications |
administration:
n. الإدارة management; supervision; people who are in charge of management; the activity of government for powers and duties | administrator:
n. مدير one who manages a government agency or department |
admiration:
n. الإعجاب favorable judgment; feeling of pleasure, wonder, and approval | admire:
v. معجبون regard with wonder or astonishment; view with surprise; marvel at |
admission:
n. القبول act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter | admit:
v. أعترف permit to enter; receive; provide the right or a means of entrance to |
admittedly:
ad. باعتراف doubtlessly; in an acknowledged manner; confessedly | adolescent:
n. مراهقين a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity; |
adopt:
v. نعلن تبني accept; take on; raise; take into one's family | adoption:
n. اعتماد act of accepting with approval |
adore:
v. أعشق worship with profound reverence; pay divine honors to; regard with the utmost esteem and affection | adorn:
v. البارع enhance or decorate with or as if with ornaments |
adornment:
n. الزينة embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament | adult:
n. أخلاقي one who has attained maturity or legal age; fully grown |
advance:
v. مقدما proceed; move forward; improve; moving forward | advanced:
a. متقدم improved; highly developed or complex; ahead of the times; progressive |
advancement:
n. النهوض progress; promotion; forward step; improvement | adventure:
n. المغامرة something happens without design; chance; hazard; risk; danger |
adventurer:
n. مغامر one who enjoys exciting, dangerous activities, often in foreign countries | adventurous:
a. المغامرة valiant; venturesome; inclined or willing to incur hazard or engage in adventures |
adversary:
n. عدو the opponent in a contest; someone who offers opposition | adversely:
ad. سلبا negatively; in an adverse manner; oppositely; inimically; offensively; unfortunately |
adversity:
n. المحن state of misfortune, hardship, or affliction; misfortune | advocate:
v. الدعوة speak, plead, or argue in favor of; plead for; push for something |
advocate:
n. الدعوة one that argues for a cause; supporter or defender | aerodynamics:
n. الديناميكا الهوائية study of how objects move through the air or water |
affect:
v. يؤثر have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | affected:
a. المتضررة speaking or behaving in an artificial way; emotionally stirred or moved; infected or attacked |
affection:
n. المودة fondness; tender feeling toward another; fondness | affectionate:
a. حنون having affection or warm regard; loving; fond; kindly inclined; zealous |
affective:
a. العاطفي sentimental; emotional; emotionally charged | affinity:
n. تقارب natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage |
affirmative:
a. الإيجابي confirmative; ratifying; giving assent or approval; confirming | afflict:
v. تصيب cause pain, suffering, or distress |
afford:
v. أدخر بعض pay; provide; have the financial means for; bear the cost of | affordable:
a. متناول able to pay for |
agency:
n. وكالة a business that serves other businesses; an administrative unit of government | agenda:
n. جدول الأعمال items of business at a meeting; list or program of things to be done or considered |
aggravate:
v. تفاقم worsen; make worse or more troublesome | aggregation:
n. تجميع several things grouped together or considered as a whole |
aggressive:
a. جذابة making assaults; unjustly attacking; combative; hostile; tending to spread quickly | agile:
a. مرونة moving quickly and lightly; mentally quick |
agility:
n. رشاقة mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly | agreeable:
a. مقبول ready to consent or submit; acceptable |
agreement:
n. اتفاقية state of agreeing; harmony of opinion, statement, action, or character | agriculture:
n. الزراعة the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock |
aid:
n. مساعدات person or thing that promotes or helps in something done; helper; assistant | ailment:
n. مرض sickness;a slight but often persistent illness |
aim:
n. الهدف point or direct towards an object or spot with the intent of hitting it | air:
v. عذاب الهواء be broadcast on television or radio |
aircraft:
n. طائرات a vehicle that can fly, such as an airplane, helicopter, balloon | airsickness:
n. دوار الجو motion sickness experienced while traveling by air |
aisle:
n. الممر passageway between rows of seats, as in an auditorium or an airplane; the wing of a building | ajar:
a. مواربا half-open; slightly turned or opened |
akin:
a. أقرب of the same kin; related by blood | alarm:
n. الإنذار المبكر any sound or information intended to give notice of approaching danger |
album:
n. الألبوم a list of names; a register for visitors; a blank book to insert autographs sketches, memorial writing, photographs | alchemy:
n. الكيمياء medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming |
alder:
n. ألدر north temperate shrubs or trees having toothed leaves and cone-like fruit | alert:
n. تنبيه the warning serves; alarm; condition of heightened watchfulness or preparation for action |
alien:
a. الغريبة dissimilar, inconsistent, or opposed in nature; very different place, society, or person | alignment:
n. المحاذاة arrangement; association; alliance |
alike:
a. على حد سواء similar; in the same manner or to the same degree | allegation:
n. ادعاء suggestion without proof that someone has done something wrong |
alliance:
n. تحالف state of being allied; the act of allying or uniting; a union of interests between families, states, parties | alliteration:
n. الجناس repetition of a beginning sound in poetry |
alloy:
n. سبائك mixture; a combination of diverse things | allude:
v. يلمح refer casually or indirectly, or by suggestion |
ally:
n. حليف confederate; partner; collaborator | alone:
a. وحده solitary; by oneself, not with any other people |
alter:
v. تعديل modify; cause to change; make different; convert | alteration:
n. تغيير a passage from one form or state to another; change |
alternate:
v. بالتناوب occur successively; pass back and forth from one state, action, or place to another | alternation:
n. البديل التناوب successive change from one thing or state to another and back again |
alternative:
n. بديلة one of two or more things, ideas, or courses of action that may be used; option or choice | aluminum:
n. الومنيوم silvery ductile metallic element |
amateur:
n. هواة one who engages in an art, science, study, or athletic activity as a pastime rather than as a profession | amaze:
v. تدهش astonish; affect with wonder |
amazement:
n. ذهول wonder; state of extreme surprise or wonder; astonishment | ambassador:
n. السفير authorized messenger or representative |
ambience:
n. اجواء particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment | ambition:
n. طموح aspiration; a strong wish to achieve something |
ambivalence:
n. التناقض state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes, such as love and hate | ambivalent:
a. متناقضة mixed; experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings |
amble:
n. المتنقلة moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely | ambulance:
n. الإسعاف field hospital organized as to follow an army in its movements; a wagon for conveying the wounded to hospital |
amenable:
a. قابلة responsive to advise or suggestion; responsible to a higher authority; willing to comply with; agreeable | amendment:
n. تعديل a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision |
amenity:
n. بنباتات pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions | amiable:
a. ودية good-natured and likable; lovable; warmly friendly |
amicable:
a. دية exhibiting friendliness or goodwill; not quarrelsome | amnesia:
n. فقدان الذاكرة partial or total loss of memory, usually resulting from shock or illness |
amount:
n. المبلغ total of two or more quantities; aggregate; sum | ample:
a. افرة more than enough in size or scope or capacity; relatively large |
amplification:
n. التضخيم addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail | analogy:
n. القياس the similarity in some respects; comparison based on similarity |
analysis:
n. تحليل study; investigation; the process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts | analyze:
v. تحليل diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it |
anarchist:
n. فوضوية a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority | anecdote:
n. حكاية a short account of the amusing or interesting event; short narrative; a secret story of history or biography |
anesthetic:
n. مخدر a substance that causes loss of sensation; producing temporary loss or impairment of feeling | angular:
a. الزاوي sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner |
animation:
n. كمين الرسوم المتحركة act of animating or giving life or spirit; state of being animate or alive | ankle:
n. الكاحل the joint which connects the foot with the leg; tarsus |
annex:
v. مرفق append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit | anniversary:
a. ذكرى annual; yearly; annual return of the day on which any notable event took place |
announce:
v. اعلان herald; give out; proclaim; make known publicly | announcement:
n. اعلان formal public statement; an act of making known publicly |
announcer:
n. مذيع one who proclaims a message publicly | annual:
a. السنوي occurring or payable every year |
annually:
ad. سنويا yearly; each year; returning every year; year by year | anonymous:
a. المجهولين having no name; having an unknown or unacknowledged name |
antagonist:
n. خصم one who contends with another, especially in combat; an adversary; opponent | anthem:
n. النشيد الوطني song of praise or patriotism; the song of devotion or loyalty |
anthropology:
n. انثروبولوجي social science that studies origins and social relationships of human beings | anticipation:
n. التوقع something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence |
antiquate:
v. حل محل make obsolete or old-fashioned | antiquated:
a. العتيقة too old to be fashionable, suitable, or useful; obsolete; aged |
antique:
n. عتيق any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion | antique:
a. العتيقة old; belonging to, made in, or typical of an earlier period |
antiquity:
n. العصور القديمة ancient times, especially the times preceding the Middle Ages; extreme oldness | antiseptic:
n. مطهر a substance that prevents infection; a substance that restricts the growth of disease-causing microorganisms |
anxiety:
n. القلق concern something in a state of painful uneasiness; state of restlessness and agitation | anxious:
a. حريصة eager; keen; worried; uneasy, and apprehensive about an uncertain event or matter |
anyhow:
ad. على أية حال in any way or manner whatever; at any rate; in any event | apart:
ad. باستثناء separately, regarding space or company; in a state of separation as to place; aside |
apologize:
v. الاعتذار beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something | apology:
n. اعتذار acknowledgment expressing regret or asking pardon for a fault or offense; explanation or excuse |
appeal:
n. اعتذاري نداء attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge | appealing:
a. جذابة attractive or interesting; charming |
appetite:
n. الشهية : يقلل instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink | application:
n. تط��يق close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance |
apply:
v. تقدم exert; put into service; avail oneself to; | appoint:
v. يعين designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility |
appointment:
n. تعيين act of putting a person into a non-elective position; arrangement | appreciate:
v. نقدر be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of |
appreciation:
n. التقدير recognition; taste; judgment or opinion, especially a favorable one | apprentice:
n. المبتدئ works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner |
approach:
n. المنهج a way of considering or doing something | appropriate:
v. المناسبة acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use |
approval:
n. الموافقة official approbation; endorsement; an act of approving | approve:
v. التقريبية ratify; consider right or good; think or speak favorably of |
approximately:
ad. الموافقة على حوالي very similarly; roughly | apt:
a. الرابطة likely; precisely suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand |
aquamarine:
a. زبرجد of bluish-green color; of pale blue to light greenish-blue | aquarium:
n. تقارب الحوض tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals |
arbitrary:
a. التعسفي randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle | arboreal:
a. الأثرية tree-dwelling; treelike; living in trees |
archaeological:
a. القصصية الأثرية related to or dealing with or devoted to archaeology | archaeology:
n. علم الآثار study of artifacts and relics of early humankind |
architect:
n. مركز البحوث الزراعية معماري one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures | architectural:
a. شجري المعمارية of or about the art and science of architecture |
architecture:
n. الهندسة المعمارية art and science of designing and erecting buildings; buildings and other large structures | area:
n. منطقة a plane surface, as of the floor of a room; open space in a building; the enclosed space; extent; scope; range |
arena:
n. الساحة a playing field where sports events take place; a large structure for open-air sports or entertainments | argue:
v. يجادل invent and offer reasons to support or overthrow a proposition, opinion, or measure; debate |
aria:
n. المتحمسين الأغنية operatic solo; a solo vocal piece with instrumental accompaniment | arithmetic:
n. حسابي theory of numerical calculations |
armor:
n. الدروع shield; defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or leather, worn to protect the body against weapons | armored:
a. مدرعة protected by armor; provided with a protective covering |
arms:
n. الأسلحة weapons considered collectively; official symbols of a family | arrange:
v. ترتيب put in proper order; dispose in the manner intended, or best suited for the purpose |
arrangement:
n. الترتيب composition; a plan for how something will happen | array:
v. مجموعة set out for display or use; place in orderly arrangement |
arrogance:
n. غطرسة overbearing pride; haughtiness; manifest feeling of personal superiority in rank, power, or estimation | arrogant:
a. تنتحل arising from feeling or assumption of one's superiority toward others |
arsenal:
n. ارسنال storage place for military equipment; a stock of weapons | artery:
n. الشريان one of the vessels or tubes which carry either venous or arterial blood from the heart; major transit corridor |
article:
n. المادة essay; editorial; individual thing or element of a class | articulate:
v. التعبير speak clearly and distinctly; utter a speech sound; be jointed; make clear or effective |
artificial:
a. اصطناعية made by humans; produced rather than natural. | artisan:
n. الحرفيين manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to an artist |
ascent:
n. الصعود upward slope or grade; movement upward | ashamed:
a. يخجلون affected by shame; abashed or confused by guilt |
aside:
ad. جانبا on, or to, one side; out of a straight line, course, or direction; at a little distance from the rest | aspirin:
n. الاسبرين white crystalline compound drug to relieve pain and reduce fever and inflammation |
assault:
n. الاعتداء a violent attack; an onslaught | assemble:
v. تجميع put together; bring or call together into a group or whole |
assembly:
n. تطمح الجمعية gathering; meeting; a group of persons gathered together for a common reason | assessment:
n. التقييم act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable |
asset:
n. الأصول properties; advantage; useful or valuable quality | assignment:
n. مهمة a task that was given to students; job; distribution; appointment |
assist:
v. مساعدة give help or support to, especially as a subordinate | assistance:
n. المساعدة help, especially money or resources that are given to people |
assistant:
n. مساعد helper; a person who assists or helps someone else | associate:
v. مشارك connect or join together; combine |
association:
n. جمعية connection, whether of persons or things; a union of persons in a company or society for some particular purpose | assorted:
a. متنوعة varied; consisting of various types mixed together |
assortment:
n. متنوعة variety; collection containing a variety of sorts of things | assume:
v. أتقلد suppose; presume; take on; bear |
assumption:
n. افتراض something taken for accepted as true without proof; taking over or taking possession of | assure:
v. ضمان tell someone confidently that something is true; guarantee; convince |
astonish:
v. يدهش surprise someone very much; shock | astonishing:
a. مذهل very wonderful; of a nature to excite astonishment; surprising greatly |
astray:
a. ضلال away from the correct path or direction, either in a literal or in a figurative sense; wandering | astronomer:
n. مذهل الفلكي a physicist who studies astronomy |
astronomical:
a. نجمي الفلكية enormously large or extensive; relating to astronomy | astute:
a. المخضرمين wise or keen; shrewd; with sharp intelligence |
asymmetrical:
a. متناظرة unbalanced; uneven; having parts on either side or half that do not match | atheist:
n. الحادي nonbeliever; one who denies the existence of god |
athlete:
n. رياضي a sportsman; one who contended for a prize in public games | atmosphere:
n. جو air; a mixture of gases that surrounds any planet |
atom:
n. ذرية a tiny piece of anything; the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element | atomic:
a. ذرية of or relating to or comprising atoms; immeasurably small |
atomization:
n. ذرة الانحلال act of reducing to atoms, or very minute particles | atrophy:
n. ضمور wasting away; decrease in size; reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease |
attachment:
n. مرفق a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory | attack:
n. هجوم offensive move; expression of strong criticism; hostile comment |
attempt:
n. محاولة the action of trying at something | attend:
v. حضور be present at; go to; take care of; tend |
attention:
n. اهتمام act or state of attending or heeding; application of the mind to any object of sense, representation, or thought | attentive:
a. الإلحادية alert and watchful; considerate; thoughtful |
attic:
n. العلية story or room directly below the roof of a building, especially a house; | attitude:
n. المسلك posture, action, or disposition of a figure or a statue |
attorney:
n. المحامي lawyer; one who is appointed by another to act in his place or stead; proxy | attract:
v. جذب draw to, or cause to tend to; engage or fix, as the mind, attention; invite or allure |
attraction:
n. الجذب appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts | attractive:
a. حجية appealing; pleasing; inviting; tempting |
attribute:
v. سمة relate to particular cause or source; ascribe; explain | auction:
n. مزادات public sale of property to the highest bidder |
audible:
a. حجية perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear | audience:
n. المقابلة a group of people within hearing; crowd seeing a stage performance |
audition:
v. الاختبار take part in a trial performance; evaluate in a trial performance | augment:
v. زيادة make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity |
august:
a. أغسطس impressive; majestic; inspiring awe or admiration | aurora:
n. أورورا a natural appearance of coloured light in the sky, that is usually seen nearest the Arctic or Antarctic |
authentic:
a. حجية not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy | authenticate:
v. مصادقة prove genuine; establish authenticity of |
authority:
n. مسموعة السلطة jurisdiction; power to enforce laws, exact obedience, command, determine, or judge; government | autobiographical:
a. السيرة الذاتية of or relating to a person's life or an account of a person's life |
autobiography:
n. السيرة الذاتية biography or story written by yourself | automated:
a. السيارات mechanical; automatic; accomplished without the intervention of a human operator |
automatic:
a. أوتوماتيكية mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control | automotive:
a. السيارات of or relating to motor vehicles; moving by itself; self-propelling |
autonomous:
a. تشريح self-governing; not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent | available:
a. متاحة convenient for use or disposal; not busy, free; obtainable; accessible |
avant-garde:
n. الآلي الطليعي radically new or original; cutting edge | avenge:
v. انتقاما take vengeance for something, or on behalf of someone |
avenue:
n. شارع way or opening for entrance or exit place; passage by which a place may be reached; broad street | average:
a. متوسط typical; mean; achieve or reach on average |
averse:
a. نوره ولو كره الكافرون reluctant; disinclined; turned away or backward; unwilling | avert:
v. القفص prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away |
aviator:
n. طيار someone who operates an aircraft | avocation:
n. هوائي person's regular business or occupation; hobby or recreational or leisure pursuit |
avoid:
v. تجنب shield away from; prevent | aware:
a. يعون knowing; having knowledge or cognizance |
awareness:
n. مطرز realization; consciousness; having knowledge of | awful:
a. فظيعة causing fear, dread, or terror; extremely bad or unpleasant; terrible |
awkward:
a. محرجا difficult to handle or manage | awkwardly:
ad. مؤلم in an uncomfortable, nervous, or embarrassed way |
axis:
n. محور the center around which something rotates; pivot | |
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