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  Academic Words Level 4 - 1 - Spelling Practices
Word List   Next    
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n. shortening something by omitting parts of it


Spelling Word: abbreviation
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v. cancel; put an end to; destroy completely


Spelling Word: abolish
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a. being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native


Spelling Word: aboriginal
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v. be full of; be plentiful


Spelling Word: abound
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n. scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something


Spelling Word: abrasion
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v. condense; shorten; reduce length of written text


Spelling Word: abridge
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n. great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing


Spelling Word: abundance
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v. move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected


Spelling Word: accelerate
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v. applaud; announce with great approval


Spelling Word: acclaim
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n. living quarters provided for public convenience; something that meets a need; convenience


Spelling Word: accommodation
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n. settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states


Spelling Word: accord
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v. pile up; collect;  mount up; increase


Spelling Word: accumulate
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n. one who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault


Spelling Word: accuser
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v. inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar


Spelling Word: acquaint
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a. expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude


Spelling Word: adept
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v. stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with


Spelling Word: adhere
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a. adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near


Spelling Word: adjacent
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v. be next to; be contiguous to; border on


Spelling Word: adjoin
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v. administer; supply; supervise or be in charge of


Spelling Word: administrate
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n. state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; transitional period between youth and maturity


Spelling Word: adolescence
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n. coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important


Spelling Word: advent
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a. in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose


Spelling Word: adverse
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a. of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air


Spelling Word: aerial
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a. elegant or tasteful; of or concerning the appreciation of beauty or good taste


Spelling Word: aesthetic
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v. associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another


Spelling Word: affiliate
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v. state something as true; assert; confirm


Spelling Word: affirm
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v. fasten; append; add on; secure to something


Spelling Word: affix
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v. cause pain, suffering, or distress


Spelling Word: afflict
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v. gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to


Spelling Word: aggregate
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n. anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance


Spelling Word: agitation
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a. ready to consent or submit; acceptable


Spelling Word: agreeable
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a. exposure to air for freshening or drying; exposure to public attention; radio or television broadcast


Spelling Word: airing
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ad. even though; although; notwithstanding


Spelling Word: albeit
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v. state without proof; assert to be true


Spelling Word: allege
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v. provide physical relief, as from pain; make easier; remove in part


Spelling Word: alleviate
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v. assign; distribute according to plan


Spelling Word: allocate
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v. parcel out in parts or portions; distribute to each individual concerned; assign as a share or lot


Spelling Word: allot
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v. combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate


Spelling Word: alloy
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a. arranged in customary order of the letters of a language


Spelling Word: alphabetical
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n. state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty


Spelling Word: ambiguity
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a. unclear or doubtful in meaning


Spelling Word: ambiguous
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v. change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors


Spelling Word: amend
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ad. in the middle of; among; surrounded by


Spelling Word: amid
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ad. amid; in the middle of; among


Spelling Word: amidst
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v. broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase


Spelling Word: amplify
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v. resolve anything complex into its elements; separate into parts for examination of each separately


Spelling Word: analyse
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a. of analysis; resolving into elements or parts


Spelling Word: analytical
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n. forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor


Spelling Word: ancestor
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n. a short account of the amusing or interesting event; short narrative; a secret story of history or biography


Spelling Word: anecdote
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v. destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence


Spelling Word: annihilate
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n. annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year


Spelling Word: annuity
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n. active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor


Spelling Word: antagonism
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a. opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or the region near it


Spelling Word: antarctic
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n. book of literary selections by various authors


Spelling Word: anthology
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a. offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense


Spelling Word: apologetic
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n. a group of parts that work together to perform a given function; appliance, or device for a particular purpose


Spelling Word: apparatus
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v. attach; add as supplement or appendix


Spelling Word: append
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n. durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use


Spelling Word: appliance
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n. candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job


Spelling Word: applicant
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n. assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth


Spelling Word: appraisal
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a. large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible


Spelling Word: appreciable
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n. works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner


Spelling Word: apprentice
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v. come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount


Spelling Word: approximate
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a. likely; precisely suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand


Spelling Word: apt
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a. consisting of, relating to, or being in the water


Spelling Word: aquatic
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a. randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle


Spelling Word: arbitrary
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a. no longer current or applicable; antiquated


Spelling Word: archaic
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a. displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate


Spelling Word: ardent
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a. demanding great effort or labor; difficult


Spelling Word: arduous
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n. defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or leather, worn to protect the body against weapons


Spelling Word: armour
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v. excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep


Spelling Word: arouse
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v. set out for display or use; place in orderly arrangement


Spelling Word: array
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v. move up or climb something; mount


Spelling Word: ascend
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n. upward slope or grade; movement upward


Spelling Word: ascent
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v. find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of


Spelling Word: ascertain
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v. inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality


Spelling Word: ascribe
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n. ambition; something that you hope to achieve


Spelling Word: aspiration
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v. seek to attain; long for; strive toward an end


Spelling Word: aspire
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v. declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly


Spelling Word: assert
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a. varied;  consisting of various types mixed together  


Spelling Word: assorted
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v. affect with wonder; surprise; shock


Spelling Word: astound
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v. achieve or accomplish; gain


Spelling Word: attain
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n. essential quality; reputation; honor


Spelling Word: attribute
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a. perceptible; heard or perceptible by the ear


Spelling Word: audible
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v. make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity


Spelling Word: augment
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a. weighting authority; peremptory and dictatorial


Spelling Word: authoritative
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v. replace or enhance human labor with machines


Spelling Word: automate
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n. the use of machines and computers that can operate without needing human control


Spelling Word: automation
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n. independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination


Spelling Word: autonomy
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a. helper, additional or subsidiary


Spelling Word: auxiliary
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v. turn to the advantage of; be of service to; profit; promote


Spelling Word: avail
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v. prevent; turn or cause to turn off or away


Spelling Word: avert
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n. art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics


Spelling Word: aviation
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n. the center around which something rotates; pivot


Spelling Word: axis
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n. game played on a court with light long-handled rackets


Spelling Word: badminton
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v. frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of


Spelling Word: baffle
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n. plant of the family of grasses, and genus Bambusa, growing in tropical countries


Spelling Word: bamboo
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n. an instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere


Spelling Word: barometer
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n. hastily put together defensive barrier; obstacle


Spelling Word: barricade
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v. trade goods or services without the exchange of money


Spelling Word: barter
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n. small piece of material, such as glass, plastic, or wood that is pierced for stringing


Spelling Word: bead
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n. one skilled in giving cosmetic treatments; one who does hair styling, manicures, and other beauty treatments


Spelling Word: beautician
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a. helpful; tending to promote physical well-being


Spelling Word: beneficial
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n. space for the ship to dock or anchor; allotted place; the place to sleep or stay; appointment or job


Spelling Word: berth
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v. attack from all sides; trouble persistently; hem in


Spelling Word: beset
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v. lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes


Spelling Word: bewilder
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n. list of works of a specific author or publisher; list of writings relating to a given subject


Spelling Word: bibliography
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a. two-sided; mutual;  involving two groups or countries  


Spelling Word: bilateral
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n. using or able to use two languages, especially with equal or nearly equal fluency


Spelling Word: bilingual
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n. mineral pitch; black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame


Spelling Word: bitumen
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n. a group of nations, parties, or persons united for common action


Spelling Word: bloc
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n. spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; a weak point or failing


Spelling Word: blot
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n. serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion


Spelling Word: blunder
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v. show off oneself;  speak of with excessive pride


Spelling Word: boast
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n. case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors


Spelling Word: bookcase
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n. one who keeps accounts; one who has charge of keeping books and accounts in an office


Spelling Word: bookkeeper
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n. stall where books are sold, as on the street; table with enclosed sides, for displaying books for sale


Spelling Word: bookstall
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n. dividing line; border; frontier


Spelling Word: boundary
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v. refrain from buying or using


Spelling Word: boycott
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n. characteristic of being brash; the trait of being rash and hasty; tasteless showiness


Spelling Word: brashness
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a. marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic; swift; keen or sharp in speech or manner


Spelling Word: brisk
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v. graze; skim or glance at casually


Spelling Word: browse
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v. cause to curve outward; swell up; stick out; protrude


Spelling Word: bulge
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n. small house or cottage usually having a single story and attic


Spelling Word: bungalow
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a. able to float; cheerful and optimistic


Spelling Word: buoyant
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n. over-regulated administrative system


Spelling Word: bureaucracy
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n. tunnel; hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter; moving through by or as by digging


Spelling Word: burrow
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v. move or cause to move energetically and busily; teem


Spelling Word: bustle
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n. the event that brings terrible loss, lasting distress, or severe affliction; disaster; misery


Spelling Word: calamity
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n. silvery, moderately hard metallic element


Spelling Word: calcium
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n. unit of heat equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree


Spelling Word: calorie
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n. a vessel used by soldiers for carrying water or other drinks; snack bar or small cafeteria


Spelling Word: canteen
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n. title; chapter heading; text under illustration


Spelling Word: caption
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n. the dead body of an animal, especially one slaughtered and dressed for food


Spelling Word: carcass
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n. an agent which brings about chemical change while it remains unaffected and unchanged


Spelling Word: catalyst
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a. capable of burning, corroding, dissolving, or eating away by chemical action


Spelling Word: caustic
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n. overseer of morals; official responsible for removal of objectionable or sensitive content


Spelling Word: censor
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a. relating to a 100-year period; occurring once every 100 years


Spelling Word: centenary
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v. give certain information to; assure; make certain


Spelling Word: certify
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v. distinguish; be characteristic of; be a distinctive trait or mark of


Spelling Word: characterize
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n. deep opening in the earth surface


Spelling Word: chasm
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a. morally pure in thought or conduct; decent and modest


Spelling Word: chaste
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n. a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee


Spelling Word: chore
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a. arranged in order of time of occurrence


Spelling Word: chronological
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v. move through space, circuit, or system, returning to the starting point


Spelling Word: circulate
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n. the boundary line of a circle,  figure, area, or object


Spelling Word: circumference
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v. quote; adduce as an instance


Spelling Word: cite
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n. fastening device; firm grip


Spelling Word: clasp
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v. declare unavailable, as for security reasons; arrange or order by classes or categories


Spelling Word: classify
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ad. in the direction that the hands of a clock move


Spelling Word: clockwise
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n. group; bunch; group of the same or similar elements gathered or occurring closely


Spelling Word: cluster
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a. rough; harsh; of low, common, or inferior quality


Spelling Word: coarse
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n. system of education in which both men and women attend the same institution or classes


Spelling Word: coeducation
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a. knowing or perceiving; part of mental functions that deals with logic


Spelling Word: cognitive
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a. adhesive; sticking together; capable of thinking and expressing yourself in a clear and consistent manner


Spelling Word: coherent
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n. a series of connected spirals or concentric rings formed by gathering or winding; spiral pipe or series of spiral pipes


Spelling Word: coil
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v. occur at the same time as; correspond


Spelling Word: coincide
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n. act of working together; act of cooperating with an enemy, especially it occupying one's own country


Spelling Word: collaboration
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v. bump; hit something violently


Spelling Word: collide
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a. capable of igniting and burning; easily aroused or excited


Spelling Word: combustible
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v. serve as a memorial to; honor the memory of with a ceremony


Spelling Word: commemorate
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v. commit, entrust, or give in charge for care or preservation; recommend as worthy of confidence or regard


Spelling Word: commend
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n. goods; article of trade; advantage; benefit


Spelling Word: commodity
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a. ordinary; having no remarkable features


Spelling Word: commonplace
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v. obtain or bargain for exemption or substitution; regularly travel from a place of residence to another place


Spelling Word: commute
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n. someone who regularly travels from home in a suburb to work in a city


Spelling Word: commuter
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a. similar or equivalent; being of equal regard; worthy of being ranked with


Spelling Word: comparable
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v. force; coerce; necessitate or pressure by force


Spelling Word: compel
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v. put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources


Spelling Word: compile
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v. complete; consummate; make perfect


Spelling Word: complement
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n. readiness to yield; happy friendly agreement


Spelling Word: compliance
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v. write; create; make or create by putting together parts or elements


Spelling Word: compose
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a. made up of distinct parts or elements; compounded


Spelling Word: composite
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v. close; squeeze or press together; contract


Spelling Word: compress
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v. include; consist of; be composed of


Spelling Word: comprise
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a. mandatory; obligatory; required by rule


Spelling Word: compulsory
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v. reckon; make a mathematical calculation


Spelling Word: compute
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a. planned or accomplished together; combined


Spelling Word: concerted
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a. brief and compact; expressing much in few words


Spelling Word: concise
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v. digest; convert into nourishment by the organs of nutrition


Spelling Word: concoct
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a. simultaneous; coincident; occurring or operating at the same time


Spelling Word: concurrent
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v. change from a gaseous to a liquid state and fall in drops; compress or concentrate


Spelling Word: condense
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n. expression of sympathy with another in sorrow or grief.


Spelling Word: condolence
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v. bestow; present; have a conference in order to talk something over


Spelling Word: confer
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n. arrangement of parts or elements; outline


Spelling Word: configuration
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v. restrict in movement; circumscribe


Spelling Word: confine
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v. comply with; follow; fit; meet


Spelling Word: conform
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n. act of gathering or heaping together or forming a mass


Spelling Word: congestion
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a. possessing congruity; suitable; agreeing; corresponding


Spelling Word: congruent
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a. diligent; responsible; reliable


Spelling Word: conscientious
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a. following one after another without interruption; sequential


Spelling Word: consecutive
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a. resulting; following as a logical conclusion


Spelling Word: consequent
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n. preservation or restoration from loss, damage, or neglect


Spelling Word: conservation
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n. greenhouse; school of music or dramatic art


Spelling Word: conservatory
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v. retain; protect from loss or harm; preserve; use carefully or sparingly, avoiding waste


Spelling Word: conserve
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v. give, transfer, or deliver formally, as if by signing over into the possession of another


Spelling Word: consign
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v. be made up or composed; be comprised or contained in


Spelling Word: consist
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v. make solid; unite or press together into a compact mass; harden or make dense and firm


Spelling Word: consolidate
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a. noticeable; prominent; easy to notice; obvious


Spelling Word: conspicuous
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n. component or part; citizen, voter


Spelling Word: constituent
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v. make up; form something


Spelling Word: constitute
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v. restrain; keep within close bounds; confine


Spelling Word: constrain
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v. restrict; shrink; make smaller or narrower by binding or squeezing


Spelling Word: constrict
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v. form by assembling or combining parts; build; create


Spelling Word: construct
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v. make impure or unclean by contact or mixture; pollute; defile


Spelling Word: contaminate
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v. look at attentively and thoughtfully; observe deep in thought


Spelling Word: contemplate
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v. strive in opposition; contest; dispute; struggle for


Spelling Word: contend
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n. competing as for any profit or prize


Spelling Word: contention
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n. property of a continuous and connected period of time


Spelling Word: continuity
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v. confront; state the opposite of what someone has said


Spelling Word: contradict
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n. the assertion of contrary; denial of the truth of a statement; opposition, whether by argument or conduct


Spelling Word: contradiction
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v. form by an exercise of ingenuity; invent or design


Spelling Word: contrive
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v. cause to come together formally


Spelling Word: convene
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v. approach; tend to meet; come together


Spelling Word: converge
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v. chat; talk informally; engage in a spoken exchange of thoughts


Spelling Word: converse
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ad. in a converse manner; with change of order or relation; reciprocally.


Spelling Word: conversely
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v. relate; associate; bring into a mutual relation


Spelling Word: correlate
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v. be compatible, similar or consistent; exchange messages


Spelling Word: correspond
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n. similarity or analogy; communication by the exchange of letters


Spelling Word: correspondence
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a. one who communicates information, especially, by letter or telegram to newspaper or periodical


Spelling Word: correspondent
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a. accompanying; analogous or equivalent in character, form, or function; comparable


Spelling Word: corresponding
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a. sophisticated; of worldwide scope


Spelling Word: cosmopolitan
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n. padded or knitted covering placed especially over a teapot to keep the tea hot; cozy


Spelling Word: cosy
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v. act as force or influence that balances, checks, or limits an opposite one


Spelling Word: counterbalance
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n. duplicate copy; one that closely resembles another


Spelling Word: counterpart
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n. a bowl-shaped opening at the top of a volcano


Spelling Word: crater
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n. a line or long thin mark made by folding or doubling


Spelling Word: crease
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n. standard of judging; any approved or established rule or test


Spelling Word: criterion
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v. bend down; stoop low; lie close to the ground with the legs bent, as an animal when waiting for prey or in fear


Spelling Word: crouch
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v. reach the highest or most decisive point;  rise to the summit


Spelling Word: culminate
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v. improve and prepare, as by plowing or fertilizing, for raising crops; promote the growth of


Spelling Word: cultivate
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a. heavy; difficult to handle because of weight or bulk


Spelling Word: cumbersome
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a. increasing by successive addition


Spelling Word: cumulative
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n. the subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college; course or program


Spelling Word: curriculum
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v. cut short or reduce; cut off end or tail, or any part


Spelling Word: curtail
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n. a person who has responsibility for or looks after something; guardian


Spelling Word: custodian
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n. standstill resulting from the opposition of two forces or factions; stalemate


Spelling Word: deadlock
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n. scarcity; shortage of food; famine from failure or loss of crops


Spelling Word: dearth
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v. decay, or to cause something to decay


Spelling Word: decompose
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v. lessen; reduce; make a quantity smaller


Spelling Word: decrease
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a. weakened, worn out, or broken down by old age, illness, or hard use


Spelling Word: decrepit
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v. lead forth; conclude by reasoning; trace the origin or derivation of


Spelling Word: deduce
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v. lead forth or out; take away, separate, or remove, in numbering, estimating, or calculating; subtract


Spelling Word: deduct
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v. decide; judge; sentence; condemn


Spelling Word: deem
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n. failure to act; an option that is selected automatically


Spelling Word: default
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v. delay till later; put off; hold back to a later time


Spelling Word: defer
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n. refusal to yield; readiness to contend or resist


Spelling Word: defiance
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v. pollute; make dirty or spotty


Spelling Word: defile
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v. reduce from an inflated condition; release contained air or gas from


Spelling Word: deflate
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v. turn aside; draw someone's attention away from something


Spelling Word: deflect
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v. deprive of some right, interest, or property, by a deceitful device


Spelling Word: defraud
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a. quick and skillful; neat in action or performance


Spelling Word: deft
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v. reduce level; lower grade of something


Spelling Word: degrade
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a. delightful; delicious; extremely pleasing to the sense of taste


Spelling Word: delectable
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n. a person authorized to act as a representative for another; deputy


Spelling Word: delegate
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n. a mental disorder marked by confusion


Spelling Word: delirium
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v. deceive mind or judgment of; lead from truth or into error; frustrate or disappoint


Spelling Word: delude
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n. great flood; heavy downpour; any overflowing of water


Spelling Word: deluge
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v. raze; destroy; do away with completely; put an end to


Spelling Word: demolish
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n. class, society, or collection of individuals called by the same name; specifically, a religious sect


Spelling Word: denomination
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v. indicate; signify directly; refer to specifically


Spelling Word: denote
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v. represent in a picture or sculpture; portray in words; describe


Spelling Word: depict
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v. decrease fullness of; use up or empty out


Spelling Word: deplete
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n. act of emptying, reducing, or exhausting


Spelling Word: depletion
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v. feel or express strong disapproval of; condemn; express sorrow or grief over; regret


Spelling Word: deplore
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v. lower in spirits; press down


Spelling Word: depress
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a. left and abandoned; negligent in performing a duty


Spelling Word: derelict
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v. obtain or receive from a source; trace the origin or development of


Spelling Word: derive
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v. move downward and lower; come from; be connected by a relationship of blood


Spelling Word: descend
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v. indicate or specify; point out; assign a name or title to


Spelling Word: designate
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a. unpopulated; providing no shelter or sustenance; devoid of inhabitants


Spelling Word: desolate
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v. intend or choose someone or something for a particular purpose or end  


Spelling Word: destine
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v. part; separate or disunite; disengage


Spelling Word: detach
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v. keep back or from; withhold; restrain from proceeding; stay or stop; delay


Spelling Word: detain
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v. keep from; stop; prevent or discourage from acting


Spelling Word: deter
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n. harm; damage; injury; something that causes damage, harm, or loss


Spelling Word: detriment
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a. causing damage or harm; injurious


Spelling Word: detrimental
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v. ruin; lay waste; destroy; make desolate


Spelling Word: devastate
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v. turn away from a principle, norm; depart; diverge


Spelling Word: deviate
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v. form, plan, or arrange in mind; transmit or give by will


Spelling Word: devise
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v. consume; eat greedily; destroy completely


Spelling Word: devour
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v. analyze; examine; identify the cause of something


Spelling Word: diagnose
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n. graph; chart; figure or drawing made to illustrate a statement; plan


Spelling Word: diagram
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n. vocabulary that is for a specific group of people


Spelling Word: dialect
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n. length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference


Spelling Word: diameter
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v. set apart; distinguish; perceive or show the difference in or between


Spelling Word: differentiate
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v. spread out widely; scatter freely; pour out and cause to spread freely


Spelling Word: diffuse
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a. in disrepair, run-down; of very poor quality or condition


Spelling Word: dilapidated
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v. make wider or larger; cause to expand; enlarge; widen


Spelling Word: dilate
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a. assiduous; industrious; hard-working


Spelling Word: diligent
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v. weaken; make thinner or less concentrated by adding a liquid such as water


Spelling Word: dilute
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v. dwindle; reduce; make smaller or less or to cause to appear so


Spelling Word: diminish
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n. loud, confused, harsh noise; loud, continuous, rattling, or clanging sound


Spelling Word: din
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a. darkened with smoke and grime; dirty or discolored


Spelling Word: dingy
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n. one who is in charge to deal with others, like an ambassador, who is appointed to represent a government


Spelling Word: diplomat
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v. throw into disorder; break the array of.


Spelling Word: disarray
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v. throw out something from one's hand; get rid of


Spelling Word: discard
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v. detect; perceive, recognize, or understand something that is not clear


Spelling Word: discern
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v. unclose; open; remove a cover or envelope from; lay open or expose to view


Spelling Word: disclose
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n. conflict; lack of agreement among persons, groups, or things


Spelling Word: discord