美国高考SAT：语法 假设语气

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 作者: Anne Y

美国高考SAT：语法 假设语气

假设语气


(直述句）If you are free, please help me with my homework.

(假设句）If I were free, I could help you with your homework. Speak

一、假设法现在式(表示现在或未来之不确定的假设)
If + 主词 + 现在式动词~ , 主词 + shall/will + VR ~
1. If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic. Speak

直述句：I think (that) it will rain tomorrow.

重点: 下列两句型中，可用假设法现在式：
1) 主词 + 动词 (suggest、demand、insist、agree...) + that + 假设法现在式
1. I suggest that everyone help in some way. Speak

我建议每个人都应该来帮忙。

2. I insist that she consult the doctor. Speak

我坚持她应该看医生。

2）It is + 形容词 (necessary、important...) + that + 假设法现在式
It is important that she be honest. Speak

诚实是很重要的。(说这句话就是在提醒：她现在不诚实。It is important是事实不是假设，不需要用过去式，后面的子句才是假设。)

It’s important for her to be honest.=〉直述句

二、 假设法过去式 (表示与现在事实相反的假设)
If + 主词 + were/过去式动词/过去式助动词 ~ ， 主词 + would/could/should/might + 原形动词 ~
1. If I were young, I could enjoy this party. Speak

如果我还年轻的话，我就能够享受这个party。

事实是： As I am not young, I can’t enjoy this party.

因为我不再年轻，所以我不能享受这个party。

2. 如果我有很多钱，我就买一艘游艇。

If I had a lot of money, I would buy a yacht. Speak

事实是：As I don’t have a lot of money, I won’t buy a yacht.

    


三、假设法过去完成式(表示与过去事实相反的假设)


If + 主词 + had + P.P. , 主词 + would/could/should/might + have P.P.


1. If I had known the gossip then, I would have told you. Speak

如果那时候我知道流言的话，我就会告诉你。

事实是：As I didn’t know the gossip, I wouldn’t tell you.

2.如果那时我们的老师讲课大声点，我们就不会打瞌睡。

We would not have dozed off if our teacher had spoken louder. Speak

事实是：As our teacher didn’t speak loud, we dozed off.

注意: 在条件子句中，除了if 之外，别的表示假设的词: suppose(supposing)、suppose (that)、providing(provided) “倘若”、 as (=so) long as、in case、unless 等等 但unless 通常不用于假设语气的子句中。
1. Suppose (=Supposing) you had ten million, what would you want to do first?

如果你有一千万，你最先想做什么？

2. I will stay here provided (=providing) the climate agrees with me tomorrow.

如果天气适合的话，我会在这里。

(重要)假设法过去式及假设法过去完成式混用
If I had done my homework yesterday, I would go on a date with her now. Speak

若两个子句的时间不同时，其时态各自为准。
事实是：As I didn’t do my homework yesterday, I can’t go on a date with her now.

四、假设法未来式 (用于假设一种不可能的事发生)


If + 主词 + should/were to + VR ~, 主词 + would / will + VR ~


1、万一明天下雨的话，比赛将会(被)延期。

If it should rain tomorrow, the game would be put off. Speak

2、如果太平洋干涸的话，我会改变心意。

If the Pacific Ocean were to dry up, I would change my mind. Speak

    
(重点)假设句中，也可将 If 省略，形成were / Had / Should + 主词的顺序
1、如果我是一只鸟，我就能飞向你。
  • Had he known the truth, he would have told you. Speak
3、万一下雨的话，我会待在家。
  • If it should rain, I would stay at home. Speak
  • Should it rains, I would stay at home. Speak


五、其他假设法的表现


as if / as though(宛如；好像) + S + 假设法过去式/假设法过去完成式
1. He talks as if he knew everything. Speak

他说得好像他知道一切。

2. She looks as if she had seen a ghost. Speak

她看起来好像她那时见到鬼了。

3. He laughed as if nothing had happened. Speak

他那时笑得仿佛之前什么都没发生。

~ wish(但愿；希望) + S. + 假设法过去式/假设法过去完成式
1. I wish I knew Annie’s cellular phone number. Speak

但愿我知道Annie 的手机号码。

事实是：I’m sorry (that) I don’t know Annie’s cellular phone number.

2. I wish I hadn’t bought such an expensive dress then. Speak

我真希望我那时没有买那么贵的洋装。

事实是：I’m sorry (that) I bought such an expensive dress then.

It’s + time/about time/almost time /high time + (that) + S + 假设法过去式
1. It’s past midnight. It’s time the children went to bed. Speak

已经过了半夜了，该是小朋友上床睡觉的时候了。

It’s time for the children to go to bed.

对小朋友而言该是上床睡觉的时间了。

2. It’s about time you apologized to her for what you did. Speak

是时候你该为你所做的事情向她道歉。

It’s about time for you to apologize to her for what you did.

If only(但愿) + 主词 + 假设法过去式/假设法过去完成式假设法过去式
(注意)if only 和I wish 在表现上意思差不多。
1. If only my tooth would stop hurting! Speak

但愿我的牙齿不疼了！

2. If only I had taken her advice. Speak

但愿那个时候我有接受她的忠告。

If it were not for ~ => 假设法过去式
If it had not been for ~ => 假设法过去完成式 (若没有~ 的话~ )
  • If it were not for music, he couldn’t live a moment. Speak
  • Were it not for music, he couldn’t live a moment. Speak
  • Without music, he couldn’t live a moment. Speak
  • But for music, he couldn’t live a moment. Speak
  • 要不是有音乐他一刻也活不下去。
  • 要是那时没有塞车，我们就能及时赶上比赛。
  • If it had not been for the traffic jam, we would have been in time for the game. Speak
  • Had it not been for the traffic jam, we would have been in time for the game. Speak
  • Without the traffic jam, we would have been in time for the game. Speak
  • But for the traffic jam, we would have been in time for the game. Speak
    


六、代替if 子句的用法


a. 用不定词代替
  • If you heard him talk, you would think he knew all about the secret. Speak
  • To hear him talk, you would think he knew all about the secret. Speak
b. 用副词连接词 / 副词片语代替
  • If I didn’t know he was innocent, I wouldn’t try to save him. Speak
  • I know he is innocent; otherwise I wouldn’t try to save him. Speak
  • If we hadn’t hidden in the forest, they would have found us. Speak
  • We hid in the forest; otherwise they would have found us. Speak
  • If you had a little patience, you could get over your difficulty. Speak
  • With a little patience, you could get over your difficulty. Speak
  • If it had been ten years ago, I could have run around this lake within half an hour. Speak
  • Ten years ago, I could have run around this lake within half an hour. Speak
c.分词构句
  • The same man, if he were living in this century, would be a hero. Speak
  • The same man, living in this century, would be a hero. Speak
  • If you were seen from a distance, you might look handsome. Speak
  • Seen from a distance, you might look handsome. Speak
d.作主词的名词
  • If he were a man of sense, he would not say such a thing. Speak
  • A man of sense wouldn’t say such a thing. Speak
  • If he were a secret agent, he would never tell you his real name. Speak
  • A secret agent would never tell you his real name. Speak