abandon: (放棄) lacking restraint or control; feeling of extreme emotional intensity; unbounded enthusiasm | abandoned: (放棄) recklessly unrestrained; deserted; left to destruction |
abandonment: (放棄) giving up completely; freedom from constraint | abase: (卑しめる) humiliate; lower or depress in rank or esteem |
abash: (赤面させる) embarrass; make ashamed or uneasy; disconcert | abate: (和らげる) subside; decrease; become less in amount or intensity |
abbreviate: (省略) make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase | abdicate: (退位) give up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw from, as a right or claim |
aberrant: (異常) abnormal; markedly different from an accepted norm | abet: (扇動) aid, usually in doing something wrong; encourage |
abeyance: (保留) suspended action; temporary cessation or suspension | abhor: (忌み嫌う) fill with horror and loathing; horrify; hate |
abide: (に従う) endure; put up with; bear; tolerate | abiding: (遵守) lasting for a long time; enduring; permanent |
abjure: (誓う) renounce upon oath; abandon forever | ablution: (清め) washing or cleansing of the body, especially as part of religious rite |
abnegate: (絶つ) give up or surrender; deny something to oneself | abnegation: (禁欲は) repudiation; self-sacrifice; renouncing your own interests in favor of interests of others |
abolish: (憎しみ) cancel; put an end to; destroy completely | abolition: (廃止) ending; act of abolishing; act of doing away with |
abominable: (不愉快な) detestable; extremely unpleasant; very bad | aboriginal: (先住民) being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native |
abortive: (打ち切り) unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless | abrade: (擦り剥ける) wear away by friction; scrape; erode |
abrasive: (研磨) rubbing away; tending to grind down | abridge: (端折る) condense; shorten; reduce length of written text |
abrogate: (disgruntle) abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority | abscond: (辛辣) leave quickly and secretly and hide oneself, often to avoid arrest or prosecution |
absent: (欠席) go away or leave ; missing; not present | absenteeism: (廃止を断念欠勤) habitual not to appear, especially for work or other regular duty |
abstain: (棄権) refrain; hold oneself back voluntarily from an action or practice | abstemious: (節制) sparing or moderation in eating and drinking; temperate |
abstruse: (難解) obscure; profound; difficult to understand. | abundant: (豊富) plentiful; possessing riches or resources |
abundantly: (豊富) in great numbers; in a plentiful or sufficient degree; plentifully | abut: (アバット) border upon; adjoin; touch or end at one end or side; lie adjacent |
abysmal: (ひどい) bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad | accede: (加入する) agree; give consent, often at insistence of another; concede |
accelerating: (加速) increasing in speed | acceleration: (加速) faster rate of improvement; rate of change of velocity with respect to time |
accentuate: (強調) emphasize; stress; pronounce with a stress or accent; mark with an accent | accessible: (アクセス) easily approached or entered; obtainable; easy to talk to or get along with |
accident: (事故) event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; sudden, and unexpected event | accidentally: (偶然) inadvertently; by chance; casually; fortuitously; not essentially or intrinsically |
acclaim: (かっさい) applaud; announce with great approval | acclimate: (なじま) accustom or become accustomed to a new environment or situation; adapt |
acclivity: (上り坂) upward slope, as of hill | accolade: (栄誉) award of merit; expression of approval; praise |
accommodate: (対応) do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for | accommodating: (収容) helpful in bringing about a harmonious adaptation |
accomplish: (達成) succeed in doing; bring to pass; achieve; reach the end of; complete | accost: (呼び掛ける) approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with demand or request |
accouter: (着用させる) equip; provide with military equipment | accretion: (付加) growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion |
accrue: (発生) increase, accumulate, or come about as a result of growth; accumulate over time | accumulation: (蓄積) increase by natural growth or addition; concentration |
accusation: (告発) indictment; charge of wrongdoing that is made against a person or other party | accustomed: (慣れ) habitual to; used to; frequently practiced, used, or experienced; customary |
acerbity: (酸味) bitterness of speech and temper; sourness or acidness of taste, character, or tone | acetic: (酢) having properties of vinegar; sour |
achieve: (全体) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill | achievement: (達成) feat; accomplishment; award for completing a particular task or meeting an objective |
acidulous: (酸味) slightly sour in taste or in manner; sharp; caustic | acoustics: (音響) science of sound; quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in |
acquaint: (酸) inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar | acquainted: (知り合い) known by or familiar with another; informed or familiar |
acquiesce: (黙従) assent; agree without protesting | acquire: (取得) gain through experience or effort; gain possession of; locate with tracking system |
acrid: (辛辣) unpleasantly sharp or bitter to taste or smell; bitterly pungent | acrimonious: (辛辣な) bitter and sharp in language, tone, or manner |
acrophobia: (高所恐怖症) fear of heights; abnormal fear of high places | actively: (積極) energetically; vigorously; in an active manner; voluntarily, not passively |
actuarial: (鼻を突く数理) calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics | actuate: (作動) put into motion or action; activate |
acuity: (視力) sharpness; acuteness of vision or perception; keenness | acumen: (洞察) mental keenness; quickness of perception |
adaptable: (適応) flexible; becoming or being made suitable to particular situation or use | adaptive: (適応) having a capacity for adaptation; capable of adapting |
addendum: (補遺) something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book | additional: (その他) further; extra; supplemental or added to |
addle: (腐った) muddle; drive crazy; become confused | adept: (熟練) expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude |
adherent: (付着) person who adheres; one who follows or upholds a leader, party, cause | adhesive: (接着剤) glue; paste ; substance that unites or bonds surfaces together |
adjoin: (隣接する) be next to; be contiguous to; border on | adjudicate: (判決) hear and settle a case by judicial procedure |
adjunct: (支持) something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior | adjure: (懇願する) appeal to or entreat earnestly; command or enjoin solemnly, as under oath |
administer: (管理) govern; supervise; give or apply medications | admiration: (尊敬) favorable judgment; feeling of pleasure, wonder, and approval |
admittedly: (確か) doubtlessly; in an acknowledged manner; confessedly | admonish: (訓戒) warn; counsel someone against something to be avoided |
admonition: (忠告) gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning | adorn: (飾る) enhance or decorate with or as if with ornaments |
adornment: (装飾) embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament | adroit: (器用) skillful and adept under pressing conditions |
adulation: (お世辞) excessive flattery or admiration; unmerited praise | adulterate: (薄める) make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances |
adumbrate: (輪郭を示す) give hint or indication of something; disclose partially or guardedly; overshadow; shade | advance: (事前) proceed; move forward; improve; moving forward |
advanced: (飾り気のない高度な) improved; highly developed or complex; ahead of the times; progressive | advent: (出現) coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important |
adventitious: (不定) accidental; casual; not inherent but added extrinsically | adverse: (不利な) in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose |
advocacy: (提) support; active pleading on behalf of something | aerie: (エアリー) nest of bird, such as eagle, built on a cliff or other high place |
aesthetic: (審美) elegant or tasteful; of or concerning appreciation of beauty or good taste | affable: (優しい) easily approachable; warmly friendly |
affect: (影響) have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | affection: (愛情) fondness; tender feeling toward another; fondness |
affectionate: (愛情) having affection or warm regard; loving; fond; kindly inclined; zealous | affinity: (親和) natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage |
affirmation: (肯定) positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath | affix: (接辞) fasten; append; add on; secure to something |
affluence: (豊か) abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth | affluent: (富裕層) having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value |
affront: (侮辱) insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect | agenda: (議題) items of business at a meeting; list or program of things to be done or considered |
agglomeration: (集積) collection; heap; act or process of gathering into a mass | aggrandize: (強大) increase scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation |
aggravating: (悪化) irritating; annoying; making worse or more heinous | aggregate: (集計) gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to |
aggressive: (積極) making assaults; unjustly attacking; combative; hostile; tending to spread quickly | aggressiveness: (攻撃性) feeling of hostility that arouses thoughts of attack; quality of being bold and enterprising |
aghast: (逃げるびっくり) struck by shock, terror, or amazement | agility: (敏捷性) mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly |
agitate: (攪拌) cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb | agitation: (攪拌) anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance |
agnostic: (不可知論者) one who is skeptical of existence of a god or any ultimate reality | agrarian: (農業) pertaining to land or its cultivation; relating to agricultural or rural matters |
ajar: (半開き) half-open; slightly turned or opened | alacrity: (乗り気) cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness |
alchemy: (錬金術) medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming | alcove: (床の間) nook; small, recessed section of a room |
algorithm: (アルゴリズム) established procedure for solving problem | alien: (外国人) dissimilar, inconsistent, or opposed in nature; very different place, society, or person |
alimentary: (消化) providing nourishment; concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion | allay: (和らげる) calm; pacify; reduce the intensity of; relieve |
allege: (主張) state without proof; assert to be true | allegory: (寓話) symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form |
alliteration: (頭韻法) repetition of beginning sound in poetry | allocate: (割り当て) assign; distribute according to plan |
allude: (ほのめかす) refer casually or indirectly, or by suggestion | allusion: (言及) indirect reference; symbolical reference or comparison; metaphor |
aloft: (空中) in or into a high place; high or higher up | alternate: (代替) happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute |
altitude: (高度) elevation especially above sea level; height | altruistic: (利他) unselfishly generous; concerned for others |
amalgamate: (合併する) combine; unite in one body; mix or alloy a metal with mercury | amass: (蓄積) collect; gather for oneself, as for one's pleasure or profit |
ambidextrous: (両手利き) capable of using either hand with equal ease | ambience: (雰囲気) particular environment or surrounding influence; atmosphere of environment |
ambiguous: (あいまい) unclear or doubtful in meaning | ambivalence: (曖昧) state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes, such as love and hate |
amble: (ぶらぶら歩く) moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely | ambulatory: (歩行) able to walk; formed or adapted for walking; not stationary |
ameliorate: (改善) make or become better; improve; grow better | amenable: (従順) responsive to advice or suggestion; responsible to higher authority; willing to comply with; agreeable |
amenities: (設備) convenient features; courtesies | amiable: (和やか) good-natured and likable; lovable; warmly friendly |
amicable: (友好) exhibiting friendliness or goodwill; not quarrelsome | amid: (中) in the middle of; among; surrounded by |
amity: (親睦) friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations | amorous: (好色) moved by sexual love; loving |
amorphous: (晶) formless; lacking shape or definition | amphibian: (両生類) able to live both on land and in water |
amphitheater: (劇場は) oval building with tiers of seats from central open space or arena | amplify: (増幅) broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase |
amputate: (切断) cut off part of body, especially by surgery; prune | anachronistic: (錯誤) having time error in story; erroneous in date; in wrong time |
analgesic: (鎮痛剤) serving to reduce sensibility to pain without loss of consciousness | analogous: (似) comparable; similar or alike |
anarchist: (アナーキスト) person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority | anathema: (忌み嫌わは) solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse |
ancestor: (祖先) forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor | ancestry: (祖先は) family descent; series or line of ancestors; lineage |
ancillary: (補助) serving as aid or accessory; auxiliary | anecdotal: (事例) having the character of an anecdote; of short story of interesting or humorous incident |
angular: (角度) sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner | animate: (アニメーション) endowed with life; alive; living; animated |
animated: (アニメーション) having life or vigor or spirit; filled with activity; in form of cartoon | animus: (敵意) feeling of enmity or ill will; attitude that informs one's actions; disposition |
annals: (記) chronological record of the events of successive years | annihilate: (全滅) destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence |
annotate: (注釈) comment; make explanatory notes | announce: (お知らせ) herald; give out; proclaim; make known publicly |
announcement: (お知らせ) formal public statement; act of making known publicly | annoy: (イライラ) disturb, especially by minor irritations; irritate |
annuity: (年金) annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year | annul: (解消する) make or declare void or invalid; reduce to nothing |
anodyne: (鎮痛剤) source of relaxation or comfort; medicine that relieves pain | anoint: (塗る) apply oil or similar substance to; put oil on during religious ceremony as a sign of sanctification or consecration. |
anomalous: (異常) deviating from normal or common order, form, or rule | anomaly: (異常) irregularity; person or something that is unusual; departure from normal or common order |
anonymous: (匿名) having no name; having unknown or unacknowledged name | antagonism: (拮抗) active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor |
antecede: (先行する) precede; go before in time, and sometimes in place, rank, or logical order | antecedents: (詞) preceding events or circumstances that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background |
antediluvian: (時代遅れ) antiquated; extremely old and ancient; belonging to very ancient times | anthology: (アンソロジー) book of literary selections by various authors |
anthropocentric: (人間中心) regarding human beings as the center of the universe | anthropoid: (類人猿) manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance |
anthropomorphic: (擬人化) having human form or characteristics | anticlimax: (竜頭蛇尾) letdown in thought or emotion; decline viewed in disappointing contrast with previous rise |
antipathy: (反感) strong feeling of aversion; dislike | antithesis: (アンチテーゼ) contrast; direct contrast; opposition |
anxious: (不安) eager; keen; worried; uneasy and apprehensive about an uncertain event or matter | apathy: (無気力) lack of caring; indifference |
aperture: (絞り) opening; diameter of such an opening; hole | apex: (頂点) highest point; vertex; summit; climax |
aphasia: (失語) loss of speech due to injury or illness | aphorism: (アフォリズム) definition or concise statement of principle; tersely phrased statement of truth or opinion |
apiary: (養蜂) place where bees and beehives are kept, especially where bees are raised for their honey | aplomb: (冷静) poise; self-confident assurance |
apocryphal: (作り話) untrue; of questionable authorship or authenticity; erroneous; fictitious | apogee: (アポジ) the highest point; point in orbit most distant from the body being orbited |
apolitical: (政治に無関心な) having aversion or lack of concern for political affairs | apologist: (弁解) person who argues in defense or justification of something, such as doctrine, policy, or institution |
apostate: (背教) one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs | apotheosis: (神格化) elevation to godhood; fact or action of becoming a god; an ideal example of something |
appall: (ゾッとさせる) depress or discourage with fear; grow faint or become weak | apparition: (幻影) ghostly figure; sudden or unusual sight; appearance; state of being visible |
appellation: (名称) name; title; act of naming; act of appealing for aid, sympathy | append: (追加) attach; add as supplement or appendix |
appliance: (アプライアンス) durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use | apply: (お申し込み) exert; put into service; avail oneself to; |
apportion: (配分) distribute; allot; give out as one's portion or share | apposite: (しっくり来る) strikingly appropriate and relevant; well-suited |
appraise: (鑑定) estimate value of; evaluate, especially in official capacity | apprehension: (不安) fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; act of seizing or capturing; understanding |
apprenticeship: (見習い) term during which one learns a trade from skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice | apprise: (evenhanded) inform; give notice to; make aware |
approaching: (承認) impending; of the relatively near future; coming closer to another | approbation: (賛同) expression of warm approval; praise |
appropriation: (処分) funding; money set aside for a specific purpose | apropos: (のGNOME) with reference or regard; in respect |
aptly: (適切) in a competent capable manner; in an apt or suitable manner | aquatic: (水産) consisting of, relating to, or being in water |
aquiline: (ワシ) curved or hooked like an eagle's beak | arable: (耕作) fit for growing crops, as by plowing |
arbiter: (調停) person with power to decide a dispute; judge | arboretum: (樹木) place where different tree varieties are exhibited |
arcane: (秘術) secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated | archaeology: (考古学) study of artifacts and relics of early mankind |
archaic: (古風) no longer current or applicable; antiquated | archetype: (原型) prototype; original model or type after which other similar things are patterned |
archipelago: (列島) group of closely located islands | architecture: (建築) art and science of designing and erecting buildings; buildings and other large structures |
ardent: (情熱的な) displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate | arduous: (困難) demanding great effort or labor; difficult |
arid: (乾燥) dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants | aristocracy: (貴族) hereditary nobility; privileged class |
armada: (艦隊) a fleet of warships; a large group of moving things | aroma: (アロマ) fragrance; scent; pleasant characteristic odor, as of a plant, spice, or food |
aromatic: (芳香) fragrant or sweet-smelling; caused by fragrant odor | arousal: (覚醒) act of awaking from sleep; arousing from what is like sleep |
arouse: (喚起) excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep | arraign: (法廷に召喚する) officially charge someone in a court of law |
arrears: (延滞) being in debt; unpaid, overdue debt or an unfulfilled obligation | arrogate: (横領する) claim without justification; claim for oneself without right |
arroyo: (アロヨ) deep gully; a dry gulch; brook or creek; watercourse | arthritis: (樹木) inflammation of a joint or joints |
article: (記事) essay; editorial; individual thing or element of a class | articulate: (明確) expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language |
artifice: (工夫) subtle but base deception; trickery; cleverness or skill; ingenuity | artisan: (職人) manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to artist |
artless: (素朴) free of artificiality; natural; open and honest | ascendancy: (優勢) superiority or decisive advantage; domination |
ascetic: (禁欲) leading a life of self-discipline and self-denial; austere | ascribe: (せい) inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality |
aseptic: (無菌) preventing infection; having cleansing effect | ashen: (灰色) ash-colored; very pale; consisting of ashes |
askance: (横目) with sideways or indirect look; Turned to side, especially of eyes | askew: (斜め) turned or twisted toward one side; at an angle |
aspect: (アスペクト) distinct feature or element in a problem; a way in which something can be viewed by the mind | asperity: (アスペリティ) sharpness of temper; roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate |
aspirant: (大望) one who aspires, as to advancement, honors, or a high position | assail: (襲撃する) assault; attack with or as if with violent blows |
assay: (セイ) analyze; evaluate; examine by trial or experiment; put to test | assembly: (アセンブリは) gathering; meeting; a group of persons gathered together for common reason |
assent: (同意) express agreement to what is alleged or proposed; accept | assiduous: (勤勉) constant in application or attention; diligent; unceasing or persistent |
assimilate: (同化) incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble | assist: (支援する) give help or support to, especially as a subordinate |
assistant: (アシスタント) helper; person who assists or helps someone else | assuage: (緩和) ease or lessen pain; satisfy or appease |
astigmatism: (乱視) eye defect that prevents proper focus | astringent: (収斂) causing contraction; having the effect of drawing tissue together; stern or austere |
astronomical: (天文) enormously large or extensive; relating to astronomy | asunder: (バラバラ) into separate parts or pieces; apart |
asymmetric: (不斉) not identical on both sides of a dividing central line | atavism: (隔世遺伝) resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents; deformity returning after passage of two or more generations |
atavistic: (隔世遺伝) displaying characteristics of previous cultural era or of previous ancestral form | atheistic: (無神論者) denying existence of God; godless |
atrocity: (残虐) brutal deed; atrocious condition, quality, or behavior; monstrousness | atrophy: (萎縮) wasting away; decrease in size; reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease |
attach: (添付) fasten; annex; be in contact with | attached: (添付) fastened together; joined by wall, especially by sharing a wall with another building; not freestanding |
attainment: (達成) something, such as an accomplishment or achievement; achievement | attenuate: (減衰) make slender, fine, or small; weaken; lessen density of |
attorney: (弁護士) lawyer; one who is appointed by another to act in his place or stead; proxy | attract: (誘致) draw to, or cause to tend to; engage or fix, as the mind, attention; invite or allure |
attribute: (属性) essential quality; reputation; honor | attrition: (摩耗) gradual decrease in numbers; reduction in work force without firing employees; wearing away of opposition by means of harassment |
atypical: (定型) not normal; unusual or irregular; not representative of a group, class, or type | audacious: (大胆) fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold |
audit: (監査) examination of accounts; adjustment or correction of accounts | auditory: (聴覚) of or relating to hearing, the organs of hearing, or the sense of hearing |
auger: (オーガー) hand tool for boring holes; hollow drill used to take core samples of soil, ice | augment: (強化) make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity |
augury: (占い) sign of something coming; art or practice of foretelling events by signs or omens | aureole: (栄冠) the outermost region of the sun's atmosphere; halo |
auroral: (オーロラ) characteristic of dawn; dawning, eastern, like new beginning; relating to the atmospheric phenomenon auroras | auspicious: (栄冠) attended by favorable circumstances; marked by success; prosperous |
austere: (オーロラ) strict or severe in discipline; severely simple and unornamented | authenticate: (吉祥) prove genuine; establish authenticity of |
authoritarian: (禁欲) expecting absolute obedience; completely dominating another's will | authoritative: (認証) having weight of authority; peremptory and dictatorial |
authority: (権限) jurisdiction; power to enforce laws, exact obedience, command, determine, or judge; government | authorize: (承認) empower; give permission for; sanction |
autocrat: (権威主義) dictator; ruler having unlimited power | autocratic: (正式) having absolute, unchecked power; dictatorial |
automaton: (独裁者) mechanism that imitates actions of humans | autonomous: (独裁) self-governing; not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent |
autonomy: (自立) independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination | auxiliary: (自律) helper, additional or subsidiary |
avalanche: (役に立つ雪崩) great mass of falling snow and ice | avarice: (欲) greediness for wealth; insatiable desire of gain |
aver: (aver) declare to be true; affirm | averse: (嫌い) reluctant; disinclined; turned away or backward; unwilling |
aversion: (嫌悪) firm dislike; turning away; avoidance of a thing, situation, or behavior because of dislike | aviary: (鳥小屋) large cage, building, or enclosure in which birds are reared or kept |
aviation: (航空) art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics | avid: (熱心な) greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm |
avocation: (趣味は) activity taken up in addition to one's regular work or profession, usually for enjoyment | avoidance: (回避) keeping away from or preventing from happening |
avow: (言い放つ) declare openly; acknowledge openly, boldly, and unashamedly | avuncular: (おじの) in manner of uncle, pertaining to uncle; kind, genial, benevolent or tolerant |
awkwardly: (不器用) in an uncomfortable, nervous or embarrassed way | awry: (ゆがん) in a position that is turned toward one side; away from correct course |
axiom: (公理) self-evident truth requiring no proof | azure: (紺碧) sky blue; light purplish-blue |
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