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 4000 CPE (A) - Spelling Practices
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n. 算盘 manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters


Spelling Word: abacus
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v. 降低,羞辱 humiliate; lower or depress in rank or esteem


Spelling Word: abase
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v. 使难堪 embarrass; make ashamed or uneasy; disconcert


Spelling Word: abash
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v. 减弱,减少 subside; decrease; become less in amount or intensity


Spelling Word: abate
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v. 减短,缩写 make shorter; reduce to shorter form intended to represent full form, as for word or phrase


Spelling Word: abbreviate
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n. 缩写,缩写词 shortening something by omitting parts of it


Spelling Word: abbreviation
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v. 放弃 give up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw from, as a right or claim


Spelling Word: abdicate
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n. 不正常的 abnormal;  markedly different from an accepted norm


Spelling Word: aberrant
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v. 帮助,鼓励 aid, usually in doing something wrong; encourage


Spelling Word: abet
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n. 悬而未决 suspended action; temporary cessation or suspension


Spelling Word: abeyance
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v. 憎恨 fill with horror and loathing; horrify; hate


Spelling Word: abhor
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v. 发誓放弃 renounce upon oath; abandon forever


Spelling Word: abjure
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a. 着火的,燃烧的,闪耀的 burning; radiant; bright; keenly excited; resembling flame in brilliance or color


Spelling Word: ablaze
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n. 洗 washing or cleansing of the body, especially as part of religious rite


Spelling Word: ablution
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v. 克制,放弃 give up or surrender; deny something to oneself


Spelling Word: abnegate
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n. 批判,自我牺牲 repudiation; self-sacrifice; renouncing your own interests in favor of interests of others


Spelling Word: abnegation
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n. 住处,住所,等候,延迟 act of waiting; delay; stay or continuance in a place


Spelling Word: abode
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v. 废除 cancel; put an end to; destroy completely


Spelling Word: abolish
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n. 废奴主义者 a reformer who favors abolishing slavery


Spelling Word: abolitionist
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a. 可恶的,非常糟糕 detestable; extremely unpleasant; very bad


Spelling Word: abominable
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a. 原来的,土著的 being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native


Spelling Word: aboriginal
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a. 不成功的,失败 unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless


Spelling Word: abortive
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v. 充满,富于 be full of; be plentiful


Spelling Word: abound
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v. 磨损,侵蚀 wear away by friction; scrape; erode


Spelling Word: abrade
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n. 磨(擦)破,擦伤处(尤指皮肤因磨擦等造成者).表面磨损 scratch; friction; the process of rubbing away the surface of something


Spelling Word: abrasion
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v. 删节,节选 condense; shorten; reduce length of written text


Spelling Word: abridge
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a. 废除 abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority


Spelling Word: abrogate
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a. 突然的,意外的 broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another


Spelling Word: abrupt
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v. 隐匿,逃避,躲债 leave quickly and secretly and hide oneself, often to avoid arrest or prosecution


Spelling Word: abscond
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v. 吸收,合并 assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention


Spelling Word: absorb
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v. 控制,限制(自己) refrain; hold oneself back voluntarily from an action or practice


Spelling Word: abstain
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a. 节制(饮食),调节 sparing or moderation in eating and drinking; temperate


Spelling Word: abstemious
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a. 难以理解的,复杂的 obscure; profound; difficult to understand


Spelling Word: abstruse
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n. 荒谬 quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment; logical contradiction


Spelling Word: absurdity
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a. 丰富,富足 plentiful; possessing riches or resources


Spelling Word: abundant
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v. 毗邻 border upon; adjoin; touch or end at one end or side; lie adjacent


Spelling Word: abut
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a. 无底的 bottomless; very profound; limitless; very bad


Spelling Word: abysmal
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n. 学会会员,院士,学者 a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation


Spelling Word: academician
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v. 同意 agree; give consent, often at the insistence of another; concede


Spelling Word: accede
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v. 强调,重音 emphasize; stress; pronounce with stress or accent; mark with an accent


Spelling Word: accentuate
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n. 易接近,可达到 the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with


Spelling Word: accessibility
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n. 附件 additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item


Spelling Word: accessory
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v. 赞扬,表扬 applaud; announce with great approval


Spelling Word: acclaim
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v. 适应 accustom or become accustomed to a new environment or situation; adapt


Spelling Word: acclimate
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n. 上山的陡坡,斜坡 upward slope, as of hill


Spelling Word: acclivity
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n. 出名的大奖 award of merit; expression of approval; praise


Spelling Word: accolade
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n. 伴奏 act of accompanying someone or something


Spelling Word: accompaniment
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a. 陪伴的,伴随的 attendant; appearing or going with someone or something else


Spelling Word: accompanying
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n. 成就 achievement; fulfillment; something that is successful


Spelling Word: accomplishment
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n. 手风琴 a box-shaped musical instrument consisting of a folded central part with a keyboard


Spelling Word: accordion
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v. 搭讪,邂逅 approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with demand or request


Spelling Word: accost
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v. 装备 equip; provide with military equipment


Spelling Word: accouter
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v. 授权 authorize; commission; give credit for


Spelling Word: accredit
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n. 增长 growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion


Spelling Word: accretion
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v. 增加 increase, accumulate, or come about as a result of growth; accumulate over time


Spelling Word: accrue
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v. 堆积,积聚,积累 pile up; collect;  mount up; increase


Spelling Word: accumulate
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v. 指责,归咎 blame; say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind


Spelling Word: accuse
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n. 尖酸的(语气,脾气) the bitterness of speech and temper; sourness or acidness of taste, character, or tone


Spelling Word: acerbity
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a. 酸的 having properties of vinegar; sour


Spelling Word: acetic
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a. 酸的,尖锐,刻薄 slightly sour in taste or manner; sharp; caustic


Spelling Word: acidulous
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n. 橡实,橡子 fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup; a cone-shaped piece of wood


Spelling Word: acorn
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n. 声学的 science of sound; the quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in


Spelling Word: acoustics
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v. 默许 assent; agree without protesting


Spelling Word: acquiesce
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n. 获得 act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something


Spelling Word: acquisition
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a. 尖锐,尖酸 unpleasantly sharp or bitter to taste or smell; bitterly pungent


Spelling Word: acrid
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a. 挖苦的,尖酸的(语言,行为) bitter and sharp in language, tone, or manner


Spelling Word: acrimonious
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n. 首字母缩写词 an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something


Spelling Word: acronym
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n. 恐高症 fear of heights; abnormal fear of high places


Spelling Word: acrophobia
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a. 保险精算的,精算 calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics


Spelling Word: actuarial
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v. 推动,促使 put into motion or action; activate


Spelling Word: actuate
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n. 尖锐 sharpness; acuteness of vision or perception; keenness


Spelling Word: acuity
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n. 思想敏锐 mental keenness; quickness of perception


Spelling Word: acumen
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n. 格言,谚语 wise saying; brief familiar proverb;  expression of popular wisdom


Spelling Word: adage
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a. 能适应的,适应能力强的 flexible; becoming or being made suitable to a particular situation or use


Spelling Word: adaptable
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n. 附加,补充 something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book


Spelling Word: addendum
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v. 使上瘾,使沉溺 cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to


Spelling Word: addict
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a. (使人)上瘾的 something you cannot stop taking once you have started


Spelling Word: addictive
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v. 使变疯,腐坏 muddle; drive crazy; become confused


Spelling Word: addle
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a. 擅长于 expert at; very skilled; having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude


Spelling Word: adept
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n. 支持者,追随者 a person who adheres; one who follows or upholds a leader, party, cause


Spelling Word: adherent
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a. 邻近的,毗邻的 adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near


Spelling Word: adjacent
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v. 毗连,临近,贴近 be next to; be contiguous to; border on


Spelling Word: adjoin
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v. 评判,裁断,判决,宣判 hear and settle a case by judicial procedure


Spelling Word: adjudicate
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n. 无用的附加物 something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior


Spelling Word: adjunct
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v. 恳求,恳请 appeal to or entreat earnestly; command or enjoin solemnly, as under oath


Spelling Word: adjure
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v. 调整,使适于 change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable


Spelling Word: adjust
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v. 警告,训斥 warn; counsel someone against something to be avoided


Spelling Word: admonish
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n. 警告 gentle or friendly reproof; cautionary advice or warning


Spelling Word: admonition
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n. 泥砖,土坯 clay; brick; sun-dried brick; structure built with this type of brick


Spelling Word: adobe
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n. 青少年 a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity;


Spelling Word: adolescent
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v. 采用,采纳 accept; take on; raise; take into one's family


Spelling Word: adopt
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n. 采用 act of accepting with approval


Spelling Word: adoption
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n. 爱慕,崇拜 act of playing honor to a divine being; worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god


Spelling Word: adoration
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v. 装饰 enhance or decorate with or as if with ornaments


Spelling Word: adorn
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n. 装饰,装饰品 embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament


Spelling Word: adornment
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a. 熟练,有技巧 skillful and adept under pressing conditions


Spelling Word: adroit
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n. 奉承,恭维 excessive flattery or admiration; unmerited praise


Spelling Word: adulation
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v. 掺杂 make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances


Spelling Word: adulterate
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v. 勾画出轮廓,隐约显示,预示,蒙上阴影 give hint or indication of something; disclose partially or guardedly; overshadow; shade


Spelling Word: adumbrate
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n. 到来,出现 coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important


Spelling Word: advent
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a. 偶然 accidental; casual; not inherent but added extrinsically


Spelling Word: adventitious
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n. 支持,辩护 support; active pleading on behalf of something


Spelling Word: advocacy
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n. 猛禽的窝 nest of a bird, such as an eagle, built on a cliff or other high place


Spelling Word: aerie
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a. 平易近人的 easily approachable; warmly friendly


Spelling Word: affable
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v. 使隶属,接纳为成员 associate; cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another


Spelling Word: affiliate
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n. 亲缘关系 natural attraction, liking, or feeling of kinship; relationship by marriage


Spelling Word: affinity
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v. 断言,证实,确认 state something as true; assert; confirm


Spelling Word: affirm
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n. 正面肯定,确认 positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath


Spelling Word: affirmation
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v. 增加,附于 fasten; append; add on; secure to something


Spelling Word: affix
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n. 痛苦 cause or condition of pain, suffering, or distress


Spelling Word: affliction
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n. 富足,财富 abundance; a plentiful supply of material goods; wealth


Spelling Word: affluence
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a. 负担得起的,便宜的 able to pay for


Spelling Word: affordable
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n. 侮辱,冒犯,蓄意蔑视 insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect


Spelling Word: affront
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n. 后果,结果 outcome; consequence, especially of a disaster or misfortune


Spelling Word: aftermath
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n. 聚集,累积 collection; heap; act or process of gathering into a mass


Spelling Word: agglomeration
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v. 增加,加强 increase the scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation


Spelling Word: aggrandize
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v. 使恶化,使加重 worsen; make worse or more troublesome


Spelling Word: aggravate
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v. 收集,聚集 gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to


Spelling Word: aggregate
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n. 集合,群体 several things grouped together or considered as a whole


Spelling Word: aggregation
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a. 吓坏了的 struck by shock, terror, or amazement


Spelling Word: aghast
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n. 敏捷 mentally quick; moving quickly and lightly


Spelling Word: agility
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v. 激怒,打扰 cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb


Spelling Word: agitate
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n. 焦虑,不安,鼓动,煽动 anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance


Spelling Word: agitation
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n. 无神论者 one who is skeptical of the existence of a god or any ultimate reality


Spelling Word: agnostic
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a. 耕地的,耕种的 pertaining to land or its cultivation; relating to agricultural or rural matters


Spelling Word: agrarian
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n. 疾病(尤指轻病,小病) sickness;a slight but often persistent illness 


Spelling Word: ailment
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v. 空气,空中 be broadcast on television or radio


Spelling Word: air
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a. 空气传播的,空运的,空降的 aloft; flying; in the air


Spelling Word: airborne
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n. 欢快的情绪 cheerful promptness or willingness; eagerness; speed or quickness


Spelling Word: alacrity
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n. 炼金术士 medieval chemistry; magical or mysterious power or process of transforming


Spelling Word: alchemy
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n. 小隔间,壁橱 nook; small, recessed section of a room


Spelling Word: alcove
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n. 算法 established procedure for solving problem


Spelling Word: algorithm
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n. 排列,联合,联盟 arrangement; association; alliance


Spelling Word: alignment
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a. 营养的 providing nourishment; concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion


Spelling Word: alimentary
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n. 碱 soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash; one of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, and ammonia


Spelling Word: alkali
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v. 平静下来,(使)冷静下来 calm; pacify; reduce the intensity of; relieve


Spelling Word: allay
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n. 宣称,主张,断言 suggestion without proof that someone has done something wrong


Spelling Word: allegation
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v. 断言 state without proof; assert to be true


Spelling Word: allege
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n. 寓言 symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form


Spelling Word: allegory
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n. 头韵 repetition of a beginning sound in poetry


Spelling Word: alliteration
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v. 分配,制定 assign; distribute according to plan


Spelling Word: allocate
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v. 混合,减少纯度 combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate


Spelling Word: alloy
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v. 暗指 refer casually or indirectly, or by suggestion


Spelling Word: allude
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v. 诱惑,引诱 attract with something desirable; be highly, often subtly attractive


Spelling Word: allure
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n. 诱惑物 temptation; enticement; any real or apparent good held forth or operating, as a motive to action


Spelling Word: allurement
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n. 暗指,暗示 indirect reference; symbolical reference or comparison; metaphor


Spelling Word: allusion
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n. 联盟,同盟者 confederate; partner; collaborator


Spelling Word: ally
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ad. 向上 in or into a high place; high or higher up


Spelling Word: aloft
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a. 分离,保留 apart; remote in manner; distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote


Spelling Word: aloof
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n. 变更,改造 a passage from one form or state to another; change


Spelling Word: alteration
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a. 无私的,关心他人的 unselfishly generous; concerned for others


Spelling Word: altruistic
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v. 结合,整合 combine; unite in one body; mix or alloy metal with mercury


Spelling Word: amalgamate
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v. 收集 collect; gather for oneself, as for one's pleasure or profit


Spelling Word: amass
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v. 使吃惊,使惊叹 astonish; affect with wonder


Spelling Word: amaze
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a. 令人惊异的 awesome; astounding; surprising


Spelling Word: amazing
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a. 双手都灵巧 capable of using either hand with equal ease


Spelling Word: ambidextrous
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n. 环境 particular environment or surrounding influence; an atmosphere of the environment


Spelling Word: ambience
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n. 模棱两可 state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty


Spelling Word: ambiguity
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a. 模棱两可 unclear or doubtful in meaning


Spelling Word: ambiguous
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n. 雄心,抱负 aspiration; a strong wish to achieve something


Spelling Word: ambition
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a. 有雄心的,渴望成功的 aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement


Spelling Word: ambitious
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n. 矛盾的观点或情绪 state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes, such as love and hate


Spelling Word: ambivalence
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a. 有矛盾情绪的,举棋不定的 mixed;  experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings


Spelling Word: ambivalent
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n. 漫步,缓行 moving at an easy pace; walk slowly or leisurely


Spelling Word: amble
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a. 可移动的,不固定 able to walk; formed or adapted for walking; not stationary


Spelling Word: ambulatory
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v. 提高 make or become better; improve; grow better


Spelling Word: ameliorate
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a. 有服从义务的,随时服从的 responsive to advise or suggestion; responsible to a higher authority; willing to comply with; agreeable


Spelling Word: amenable
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v. 修订,修改,变更 change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors


Spelling Word: amend
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n. 改正,修正 a change or changes made to the words of a text; revision


Spelling Word: amendment
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n. 令人愉快的,礼貌的 convenient features; courtesies


Spelling Word: amenities
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n. 舒适,愉快 pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions


Spelling Word: amenity
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a. 可爱的,友好的,惬意的 good-natured and likable; lovable; warmly friendly


Spelling Word: amiable
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a. 温和的,友好礼貌的 exhibiting friendliness or goodwill; not quarrelsome


Spelling Word: amicable
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n. 友谊 friendship; peaceful relations, as between nations


Spelling Word: amity
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a. 爱情的 moved by sexual love; loving


Spelling Word: amorous
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a. 无形的,不成形的 formless; lacking shape or definition


Spelling Word: amorphous
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a. 两栖的 able to live both on land and in water


Spelling Word: amphibian
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n. 椭圆形的剧院,斗兽场 oval building with tiers of seats from central open space or arena


Spelling Word: amphitheater
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n. 扩大 addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail


Spelling Word: amplification
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v. 放大 broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase


Spelling Word: amplify
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v. 截肢,切除 cut off part of the body, especially by surgery; prune


Spelling Word: amputate
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a. 时代错误 having time error in the story; erroneous in date; in the wrong time


Spelling Word: anachronistic
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a. 止痛的 serving to reduce sensibility to pain without loss of consciousness


Spelling Word: analgesic
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a. 类似的 comparable; similar or alike


Spelling Word: analogous
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v. 分析,分解 diagnose; study, or examine something in detail to discover more about it


Spelling Word: analyze
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n. 无政府主义者 a person who seeks to overturn established government; advocate of abolishing authority


Spelling Word: anarchist
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n. 诅咒 solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse


Spelling Word: anathema
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n. 解剖,解剖学 detailed analysis;  the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged


Spelling Word: anatomy
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a. 祖先的,祖传的 inherited or inheritable by established rules


Spelling Word: ancestral
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n. 祖先 family descent; series or line of ancestors; lineage


Spelling Word: ancestry
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a. 辅助的 serving as aid or accessory; auxiliary


Spelling Word: ancillary
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a. 很痛苦的 experiencing extreme discomfort or discontent; feeling, expressing, or caused by anguish


Spelling Word: anguished
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a. 有尖角的,瘦骨嶙峋的 sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner


Spelling Word: angular
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n. 敌意 the feeling of enmity or ill will; an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition


Spelling Word: animus
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n. 记录,历史 a chronological record of the events of successive years


Spelling Word: annals
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v. 接手,附加 append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit


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v. 毁灭,破坏 destroy completely; reduce to nonexistence


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v. 评论,注释 comment; make explanatory notes


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a. 恼人的,讨厌的,使人愤怒的 bothersome; troublesome; irritating


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n. 年金,养老金 annual payment of allowance or income; periodical payment, amounting to a fixed sum in each year


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v. 避免 make or declare void or invalid; reduce to nothing


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n. 止痛药,起安慰作用的事物 source of relaxation or comfort; medicine that relieves pain


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v. 神圣化 apply oil or similar substance to; put oil on during religious ceremony as a sign of sanctification or consecration.


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a. 不正常的,变态的 deviating from normal or common order, form, or rule


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n. 反抗,敌对 active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor


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v. 先于 precede; go before in time, and sometimes in place, rank, or logical order


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n. 历史环境,历史背景 preceding events or circumstances that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background


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v. 填更早的日期,早于,先于 be earlier in time; go back further


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a. 远古,上古,及其久远 antiquated; extremely old and ancient; belonging to very ancient times


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n. 选集 book of literary selections by various authors


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a. 人类中心说 regarding human beings as the center of the universe


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a. 类人的 manlike; resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance


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a. 人形的 having human form or characteristics


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n. 抗生素,杀菌剂 any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms


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v. 预期,预料 act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict


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n. 反高潮,突降 the letdown in thought or emotion; decline viewed in disappointing contrast with the previous rise


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n. 反对,厌恶 strong feeling of aversion; dislike


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n. 古董,过时的 any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion


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n. 对立面 contrast; direct contrast; opposition


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n. 鹿角,茸角 entire horn, or any branch of the horn


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n. 铁砧 a heavy block of iron or steel with a smooth, flat top on which metals are shaped by hammering


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a. 冷漠的,无动于衷的 feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent


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n. 漠不关心 lack of interest, or the attitude of not caring resulting from it; the indifference


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n. 开胃酒 alcoholic beverage taken before a meal as an appetizer


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n. 洞,穴,孔 opening; diameter of such an opening; hole


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n. 高点,顶点,高潮 highest point; vertex; summit; climax


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n. 失声 loss of speech due to injury or illness


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n. 格言,警句,谚语 definition or concise statement of principle; tersely phrased statement of truth or opinion


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n. 蜂房 a place where bees and beehives are kept, especially where bees are raised for their honey


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n. 沉着,垂直 poise; self-confident assurance


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a. 假的,捏造的 untrue; of questionable authorship or authenticity; erroneous; fictitious


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n. 顶点 the highest point; point in an orbit most distant from the body being orbited


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a. 不问政治的 having aversion or lack of concern for political affairs


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a. 道歉的,歉意的 offering or expressing an apology or excuse; serving as or containing a formal justification or defense


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n. 辩护者 a person who argues in defense or justification of something, such as doctrine, policy, or institution


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v. 道歉 beg pardon; tell someone that you are sorry for having done something


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n. 变节者,脱党者,叛徒 one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs


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n. 书写中撇号(表示省略或所有格) text character used to mark the possessive or to show the omission of letters or numbers


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n. 神圣,典范 elevation to godhood; fact or action of becoming a god; an ideal example of something


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v. 使惊慌,震惊 depress or discourage with fear; grow faint or become weak


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n. 鬼,幽灵 ghostly figure; sudden or unusual sight; appearance; state of being visible


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n. 吸引力 attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge


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a. 动人的,媚人的 attractive or interesting; charming


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n. 名字,标题 name; title; the act of naming; the act of appealing for aid, sympathy


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v. 追加,附上 attach; add as supplement or appendix


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n. 附加物 something appended to or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it


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n. 胃口,食欲 instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink


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v. 喝彩,欢呼 acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands


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a. 生效的,适合的 capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance


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n. 申请人 candidate; a person who formally requests something, especially a job


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n. 勤奋的付出,密切关注 close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance


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v. 任命,选派 designate; nominate; choose someone officially for a job or responsibility


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a. 合适的 strikingly appropriate and relevant; well-suited


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n. 评价,估价 assessment; evaluation; the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth


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v. 估价 estimate value of; evaluate, especially in an official capacity


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a. 很大的,值得重视的 large enough to be noticed or to affect; perceptible


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v. 感激,增值,赏识 be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of


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n. 害怕 fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; the act of seizing or capturing; understanding


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a. 恐惧的,担心的 capable of knowing; conscious; relating to the faculty of apprehension; sensible or perceptive


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n. 学徒身份 the term during which one learns a trade from a skilled worker; service or legal condition of an apprentice


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v. 告诉 inform; give notice to; make aware


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n. 方法 a way of considering or doing something


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n. 同意,批准 expression of warm approval; praise


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v. 获得,挪用,据为己有 acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use


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v. 接近,近似 come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount


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ad. 近似地,大约 very similarly; roughly


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a. 关于 with reference or regard; in respect


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a. 与水有关系的 consisting of, relating to, or being in the water


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a. 弯曲的,钩状的 curved or hooked like an eagle's beak


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a. 可耕种的 fit for growing crops, as by plowing


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n. 仲裁者 person with power to decide a dispute; judge


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a. 树栖的,树的 tree-dwelling; treelike; living in trees


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n. 植物园 a place where different tree varieties are exhibited


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n. 弧形,拱形 the continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape


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a. 秘密,谜 secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated


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n. 考古学 study of artifacts and relics of early humankind


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a. 过时的 no longer current or applicable; antiquated


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n. 原形 prototype; original model or type after which other similar things are patterned


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n. 群岛 group of closely located islands


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a. 热心的,热情的 displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate


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a. 努力,奋发 demanding great effort or labor; difficult


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a. 荒芜的 dry; lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or plants


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n. 贵族 hereditary nobility; privileged class


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n. 贵族 one of the aristocracy or people of rank in a community; one of a ruling class; a noble


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n. 算数 theory of numerical calculations


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n. 舰队 a fleet of warships; a large group of moving things


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n. 纹章,兵工厂,军械库 arsenal; a place where arms are manufactured


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a. 芬芳的 fragrant or sweet-smelling; caused by fragrant odor


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n. 觉醒,激励 act of awaking from sleep; arousing from what is like sleep


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v. 传讯,责问 officially charge someone in a court of law


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n. 排列,安排 composition; a plan for how something will happen


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n. 欠债 being in debt; unpaid, overdue debt or an unfulfilled obligation


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v. 非法霸占,僭越 claim without justification; claim for oneself without the right


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n. 干枯的河床 deep gully; a dry gulch; brook or creek; watercourse


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n. 技巧,欺骗 subtle but base deception; trickery; cleverness or skill; ingenuity


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n. 工匠 manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to an artist


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a. 坦诚,直率 free of artificiality; natural; open and honest


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v. (渐渐)上升,升高,攀登 move up or climb something; mount


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n. 统治,控制 superiority or decisive advantage; domination


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n. 攀登,上升 upward slope or grade; movement upward


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a. 苦行,禁欲 leading a life of self-discipline and self-denial; austere


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v. 归因于,指派 inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality


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a. 抗菌的 preventing infection; having cleansing effect


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a. 灰色 ash-colored; very pale; consisting of ashes


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a. 愚蠢 utterly stupid or silly; inanely foolish


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a. 瞄,斜视 with a sideways or indirect look; Turned to side, especially of eyes


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ad. 歪斜 turned or twisted toward one side; at an angle


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n. 严酷,粗暴 the sharpness of temper; roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate


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v. (使)无法呼吸,窒息而死 deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing death or severe symptoms; suffocate


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n. 有志者,有抱负的人 one who aspires, as to advancement, honors, or a high position


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n. 雄心,抱负 ambition; something that you hope to achieve


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v. 攻击 assault; attack with or as if with violent blows


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n. (武力)袭击,(口头)攻击 a violent attack; an onslaught


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v. 分析,化验 analyze; evaluate; examine by trial or experiment; put to the test


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n. 集合,组合 a group of persons together in one place


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v. 同意,接受 express agreement to what is alleged or proposed; accept


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v. 断言 declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly


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a. 言语果断的,断言的 positive; affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory


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v. 估计,估算,评估,评价 estimate  value; judge worth of something


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n. 评价,评估,判断 act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable


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a. 勤奋 constant in application or attention; diligent; unceasing or persistent


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v. 吸收,同化 incorporate and absorb into mind; make similar; cause to resemble


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n. 协助,援助 help, especially money or resources that are given to people  


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v. 缓和,减轻 ease or lessen pain; satisfy or appease


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ad. 确实地,确信地 in a way that causes something to be certain; undoubtedly


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n. 散光 eye defect that prevents proper focus


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a. 惊讶的 amazed; very surprised


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v. 使惊异 affect with wonder; surprise; shock


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a. 收敛的 causing contraction; having the effect of drawing tissue together; stern or austere


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n. 天文学家 a physicist who studies astronomy


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n. 天文学 branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole


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ad. 分裂,分开 into separate parts or pieces; apart


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a. 不对称 not identical on both sides of a dividing central line


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n. 反祖,隔代遗传 resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents; deformity returning after the passage of two or more generations


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a. 复古的,从前的 displaying characteristics of previous cultural era or previous ancestral form


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a. 无神论 denying existence of God; godless


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n. 运动,体育 art of training by athletic exercises; games and sports of athletes


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n. 大气,大气层,(某地的)空气 air; a mixture of gases that surrounds any planet


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n. 原子 a tiny piece of anything; the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element


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n. 暴行 brutal deed; atrocious condition, quality, or behavior; monstrousness


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n. 枯萎,萎缩,衰退,结束 wasting away; decrease in size; reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease


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n. 依恋,喜欢 a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory


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v. 获得,完成 achieve or accomplish; gain


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n. 成就 something, such as an accomplishment or achievement; achievement


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v. 参加,入学 be present at; go to; take care of; tend


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n. 出席,出席的人数 act of being present


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n. 侍者,护理人员 aide; servant; accompanying; a person who participates in a meeting


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n. 注意,重视,关心 act or state of attending or heeding; application of the mind to any object of sense, representation, or thought


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v. 削弱 make slender, fine, or small; weaken; lessen the density of


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n. 穿着,服饰(正规服装的总称) clothes, especially of a particular or formal type; dress


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n. 吸引,吸引人的事物 appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts


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a. 吸引人的,有魅力的 appealing; pleasing; inviting; tempting


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n. 属性,声望 essential quality; reputation; honor


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n. 裁员,磨损 a gradual decrease in numbers; reduction in the workforce without firing employees; wearing away through harassment


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a. 非正常的,不正常 not normal; unusual or irregular; not representative of a group, class, or type


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a. 大胆的,鲁莽的 fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold


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n. 听众席,观众席 area of theater or concert hall where the audience sits


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a. 听觉的 of or relating to hearing, the organs of hearing, or the sense of hearing


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n. 螺丝钻,钻孔机 hand tool for boring holes; hollow drill used to take core samples of soil, ice


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v. 增长 make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity


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n. 占卜,预言 sign of something coming; art or practice of foretelling events by signs or omens


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n. 日冕 the outermost region of the sun's atmosphere; halo


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a. 曙光的,极光的 characteristic of dawn; dawning, eastern, like a new beginning; relating to the atmospheric phenomenon auroras


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a. 幸运的,吉祥的 attended by favorable circumstances; marked by success; prosperous


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a. 严厉的,朴素的 strict or severe in the discipline; severely simple and unornamented


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v. 鉴别 prove genuine; establish authenticity of


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a. 独裁 expecting absolute obedience; completely dominating another's will


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a. 权威,独裁 weighting authority; peremptory and dictatorial


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n. 自传 biography or story written by yourself


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n. 独裁者,专横霸道的人 dictator; ruler having unlimited power


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a. 独裁 having absolute, unchecked power; dictatorial


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n. 机器人 the mechanism that imitates actions of humans


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a. 自治 self-governing; not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent


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n. 自治,自治权 independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination


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a. 自由的,有空的 convenient for use or disposal; not busy, free; obtainable; accessible


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n. 贪婪,贪财 greediness for wealth; the insatiable desire to gain


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v. 断言,声明,证明 declare to be true; affirm


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a. 反对的 reluctant; disinclined; turned away or backward; unwilling


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n. 大鸟笼,鸟舍 large cage, building, or enclosure in which birds are reared or kept


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a. 贪婪 greedy; eager for; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm


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n. 副业,业余爱好 activity taken up in addition to one's regular work or profession, usually for enjoyment


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v. 宣布 declare openly; acknowledge openly, boldly, and unashamedly


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n. 公开承认 open declaration; frank acknowledgment


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a. 像伯父(叔叔)一样的 in the manner of an uncle, about uncle; kind, genial, benevolent, or tolerant


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a. 笨拙的,不灵活的 difficult to handle or manage


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n. 雨篷,遮阳篷 roof-like cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind


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ad. 扭曲的,歪曲的 in a position that is turned toward one side; away from the correct course


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n. 公理,自明的道理 self-evident truth requiring no proof


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n. 轮轴(连接二个车轮的轴) pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel; transverse bar connecting the opposite wheels


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a. 天蓝 sky blue; light purplish-blue


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