Vocabulary for PTE Speaking
| for PTE Speaking Vocabulary | Introduction |
| Group (1) - Matching Quizzes |   |
abandon 
1
 | (التماسك) logical and orderly and consistent relation of parts; state of cohering or sticking together |
| (المعادلة) making equal; equal division; equality; equilibrium |
| (التخلي عن) lacking restraint or control; feeling of extreme emotional intensity; unbounded enthusiasm |
| (تنفي) disagree with; refuse; declare untrue |
abstract
2
| (النزاع) fight; struggle; incompatibility of dates or events |
| (امتلاك) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something |
| (تباين) assertion of contrary; denial of the truth of a statement or assertion; opposition, whether by argument or conduct |
| (الملخص) theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand |
academic
3
| (الأكاديمية) related to school; not practical or directly useful; relating to scholarly organization; based on formal education |
| (شاملة) include; consist of; be composed of |
| (انهيار) breakdown; failure |
| (الطاقة) exertion of force; capacity for work or vigorous activity; usable heat or power |
access
4
| (تجاوزت) go beyond; be or do something to a greater degree |
| (تطمح الجمعية) gathering; meeting; a group of persons gathered together for common reason |
| (عكس الوصول) approach; entry; entrance |
| (الخارجية) exterior; outer; suitable for application to the outside |
accommodation
5
| (عكس الوصول) approach; entry; entrance |
| (عامل هام) of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis; of the greatest importance |
| (توزيع) act of distributing or spreading or apportioning |
| (الإقامة) living quarters provided for public convenience; something that meets a need; convenience |
accompany
6
| (التقييم) act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable |
| (تصاحب) travel with; be associated with |
| (مطابقة) similarity in form or character; agreement |
| (التقيد المجاورة) adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near |
accumulation
7
| (الدستورية) of or relating to a constitution, or establishment form of government |
| (تراكم) increase by natural growth or addition; concentration |
| (التماسك) logical and orderly and consistent relation of parts; state of cohering or sticking together |
| (العملات) money; general acceptance or use |
accurate
8
| (فقرة) sentence; phrase; distinct article, stipulation, or provision in a document |
| (دقيقة) capable of providing a correct reading or measurement; performing with care and precision |
| (متاحة) convenient for use or disposal; not busy, free; obtainable; accessible |
| (المنزلي) house-hold; of or relating to the home ; within the country or home |
achieve
9
| (مقتطفات) draw or pull out, usually with some force or effort; remove; get despite difficulties or obstacles |
| (الاكتئاب) recession; economic slump; concavity in a surface produced by pressing ; sadness; low spirits |
| (المنهج) access; method |
| (إقرار) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill |
acquisition
10
| (امتلاك) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something |
| (التجريبية) derived from experiment and observation rather than theory |
| (الجهاز) technique or means; instrument; machine used to perform one or more relatively simple tasks |
| (رباطة) thorough; including all or everything; broad in scope |
adaptation
11
| (التكيف) modification; alteration or adjustment in structure or habits |
| (تراكم) increase by natural growth or addition; concentration |
| (يحفظون) make sure or certain; insure; assure |
| (تعطف) being firmly settled in habit; having been ratified; verified; fixed; established |
adequate
12
| (الشركات تصدير) sell or transfer abroad |
| (كاف) sufficient; enough to meet a purpose |
| (شاملة) include; consist of; be composed of |
| (الرابطة) approach; come near |
adjacent
13
| (تباين) assertion of contrary; denial of the truth of a statement or assertion; opposition, whether by argument or conduct |
| (الاقتصادية) pertaining to economy; frugal; cheap |
| (المساعدة) activity of contributing to fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose |
| (التقيد المجاورة) adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near |
adjustment
14
| (تراكم) increase by natural growth or addition; concentration |
| (تباين) act of distinguishing by comparing differences |
| (العقائدي) provide written evidence; record in detail |
| (تعديل) making or becoming suitable; adjusting to circumstances |
administration
15
| (الصارمة دينامية) energetic; vigorously active |
| (ما يعادل) interchangeable; comparable; equal, as in value, force, or meaning |
| (المساواة معدات) apparatus |
| (الإدارة) management; supervision; people who are in charge for management; activity of government for powers and duties |
advocate
16
| (البيانات) collection of facts, observations, or other information related to a particular question or problem |
| (البكم) striking; sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect |
| (السائد) major; important; outweighing |
| (الدعوة) speak, plead, or argue in favour of; plead for; push for something |
affect
17
| (التحدي) assert a right; raise a formal objection; take exception to |
| (يؤثر) have an emotional or cognitive impact upon |
| (قناة) passage for water or other fluids to flow through; bed of a stream or river; route of communication or access |
| (مشروع) rough outline; draw up an outline; sketch |
aggregate
18
| (النزاع) fight; struggle; incompatibility of dates or events |
| (مجموع) gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to |
| (الزوجين) a male and female associated together; a pair who associate with one another |
| (مقنعة) certain, sure |
aid
19
| (جاذبية الكاتب) beginner, former, or first mover of anything; creator; originator; one who composes or writes book or composer |
| (مساعدات) person or thing that promotes or helps in something done; helper; assistant |
| (الطبعة) whole number of copies of a work printed and published; single copy; act of editing |
| (مكون) element; ingredient; abstract part of something |
albeit
20
| (ولو) even though; although; notwithstanding |
| (في النهاية) ultimately; in the final result or issue; in the end |
| (الاكتئاب) recession; economic slump; concavity in a surface produced by pressing ; sadness; low spirits |
| (تنفي) disagree with; refuse; declare untrue |
alter
21
| (الأكاديمية) related to school; not practical or directly useful; relating to scholarly organization; based on formal education |
| (توسع) growth; extent or amount by which something has expanded |
| (الجهاز) technique or means; instrument; machine used to perform one or more relatively simple tasks |
| (تعديل) modify; cause to change; make different; convert |
alternative
22
| (خلق) make or cause to be or to become; invest with a new thing |
| (ولو) even though; although; notwithstanding |
| (اتصل بنا) get in touch with; reach |
| (بديلة) one of two or more things, ideas or courses of action that may be used; option; choice |
ambiguous
23
| (غامضة) unclear or doubtful in meaning |
| (عقد) constrict; make smaller; compress or concentrate |
| (التحدي) assert a right; raise a formal objection; take exception to |
| (الدعوة) speak, plead, or argue in favour of; plead for; push for something |
amendment
24
| (تعديل) correction; revision |
| (التصور) something formed in the mind; thought or notion |
| (المدني) having to do with citizens or the state; courteous and polite |
| (تنفي) disagree with; refuse; declare untrue |
analogous
25
| (تقدير) knowing how to avoid embarrassment or distress; trait of judging wisely and objectively |
| (مفارقة تاريخية مماثلة) comparable; similar or alike |
| (تتزامن) occur at the same time as; correspond |
| (إقرار) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill |
analysis
26
| (تراكم) increase by natural growth or addition; concentration |
| (تحليل) study; investigation; process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts |
| (افلام كلاسيكية) standard and authoritative rather than new or experimental; relating to the ancient Greeks and Romans, especially art, architecture, and literature |
| (مساهمة) act of contributing; payment exacted for special purpose; impost or levy |
annual
27
| (السنوي) occurring or payable every year |
| (واضحة) clearness of thought or style; brightness; splendor |
| (تطمح الجمعية) gathering; meeting; a group of persons gathered together for common reason |
| (أتقلد) suppose; presume; take on; bear |
apparent
28
| (المعادلة) making equal; equal division; equality; equilibrium |
| (التماسك) logical and orderly and consistent relation of parts; state of cohering or sticking together |
| (الرابطة) capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to eye |
| (يحفظون) make sure or certain; insure; assure |
appendix
29
| (ملحق) something appended or added |
| (يتظاهرون) show clearly and deliberately; manifest; confirm; prove |
| (تعريف) clarity of outline; concise explanation |
| (تجاوزت) go beyond; be or do something to a greater degree |
appreciation
30
| (التماسك) logical and orderly and consistent relation of parts; state of cohering or sticking together |
| (التقدير) recognition; taste; judgment or opinion, especially a favorable one |
| (مطابقة) similarity in form or character; agreement |
| (ولو) even though; although; notwithstanding |
approach
31
| (المجتمع) society; a group of people living in the same locality and under the same government |
| (المنهج) access; method |
| (تنسيق) regulation of diverse elements into an integrated and harmonious operation |
| (جدل) contentious speech act; argument |
appropriate
32
| (موثوق) united or combined into one body; collective; belonging to corporation or incorporated body |
| (المتزامنة) simultaneous; coincident; occurring or operating at the same time |
| (واضحة) clearness of thought or style; brightness; splendor |
| (المناسبة) acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use |
approximate
33
| (الصارمة دينامية) energetic; vigorously active |
| (الرابطة) approach; come near |
| (المعاصرة) modern; belonging to the same period of time |
| (مرفق) fastened together; joined by wall, especially by sharing a wall with another building; not freestanding |
arbitrary
34
| (تصاحب) travel with; be associated with |
| (التعسفي) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle |
| (الملخص) theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand |
| (تكمل) complete; consummate; make perfect |
area
35
| (مجمع) complicated in structure; a whole structure, as a building, made up of interconnected or related structures |
| (التقيد المجاورة) adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near |
| (منطقة) plane surface, as of the floor of a room; open space in a building; the enclosed space; extent; scope; range |
| (انهيار) breakdown; failure |
assembly
36
| (تطمح الجمعية) gathering; meeting; a group of persons gathered together for common reason |
| (المعاصرة) modern; belonging to the same period of time |
| (موثوق) united or combined into one body; collective; belonging to corporation or incorporated body |
| (التعاونية) done with or working with others |
assessment
37
| (رباطة) thorough; including all or everything; broad in scope |
| (امتلاك) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something |
| (التقييم) act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable |
| (الاكتئاب) recession; economic slump; concavity in a surface produced by pressing ; sadness; low spirits |
assistance
38
| (المساعدة) activity of contributing to fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose |
| (المدني) having to do with citizens or the state; courteous and polite |
| (التعاونية) done with or working with others |
| (مقنعة) certain, sure |
assume
39
| (تعديل) modify; cause to change; make different; convert |
| (تعويضات) something given or received as payment as for a service or loss or injury |
| (أتقلد) suppose; presume; take on; bear |
| (تنفي) disagree with; refuse; declare untrue |
assurance
40
| (مرفق) fastened together; joined by wall, especially by sharing a wall with another building; not freestanding |
| (الدعوة) speak, plead, or argue in favour of; plead for; push for something |
| (دورة) periodically repeated sequence of events; long period of time; entire round in a circle or a spire |
| (ضمان) promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt |
attached
41
| (انهيار) breakdown; failure |
| (تحديد دلالة) indicate; signify directly; refer to specifically |
| (مرفق) fastened together; joined by wall, especially by sharing a wall with another building; not freestanding |
| (المعادلة) making equal; equal division; equality; equilibrium |
author
42
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authority
43
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available
44
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aware
45
| (يعون) knowing; having knowledge or cognizance |
| (مرفق) fastened together; joined by wall, especially by sharing a wall with another building; not freestanding |
| (نطاق) field; territory over which rule or control is exercised; networked computers that share a common address |
| (عامل هام) of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis; of the greatest importance |
behalf
46
| (تطمح الجمعية) gathering; meeting; a group of persons gathered together for common reason |
| (صب) majority; main part; volume; mass |
| (التماسك) logical and orderly and consistent relation of parts; state of cohering or sticking together |
| (باسم) represent; advantage, benefit, interest of someone |
benefit
47
| (الاقتصادية) pertaining to economy; frugal; cheap |
| (اتفاقية) social or moral custom; formal meeting of members, representatives, or delegates; agreement between states |
| (تكمل) complete; consummate; make perfect |
| (المنافع) advantage; something that aids or promotes well-being ; welfare; gain |
bias
48
| (التحيز) preference or inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment; influence in unfair way |
| (الفصل) division of a book or treatise; assembly of monks; bishop's council; organized branch of some society |
| (تطمح الجمعية) gathering; meeting; a group of persons gathered together for common reason |
| (متنوعة) point or respect in which things differ; difference |
bond
49
| (دقيقة) capable of providing a correct reading or measurement; performing with care and precision |
| (غامضة) unclear or doubtful in meaning |
| (المناقشة) discussion; dispute; discussion involving opposing points |
| (الكفالة) link; connection; uniting force or tie; binding agreement; duty |
brief
50
| (تعريف) clarity of outline; concise explanation |
| (العملات) money; general acceptance or use |
| (مساهمة) act of contributing; payment exacted for special purpose; impost or levy |
| (نبذة) short in time, duration, length, or extent; concise |
bulk
51
| (إقرار) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill |
| (الخبراء) person with a high degree of skill in or knowledge of a certain subject |
| (التصرف) act of removing from office or employment |
| (صب) majority; main part; volume; mass |
capable
52
| (الأساسية) basic, center, or most important part; essence |
| (نبذة) short in time, duration, length, or extent; concise |
| (الأسير) having the ability required for a specific task |
| (انخفاض) change toward something smaller or lower ; gradual falling off from a better state |
capacity
53
| (القدرات) mental or physical ability; ability to accommodate |
| (الاستغلال) unfair use of someone’s work giving little in return |
| (المدني) having to do with citizens or the state; courteous and polite |
| (تعطف) being firmly settled in habit; having been ratified; verified; fixed; established |
challenge
54
| (التجريبية) derived from experiment and observation rather than theory |
| (التماسك) logical and orderly and consistent relation of parts; state of cohering or sticking together |
| (التحدي) assert a right; raise a formal objection; take exception to |
| (التحيز) preference or inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment; influence in unfair way |
channel
55
| (التقيد المجاورة) adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near |
| (قناة) passage for water or other fluids to flow through; bed of a stream or river; route of communication or access |
| (السياق) circumstance |
| (الرابطة) capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to eye |
chapter
56
| (امتلاك) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something |
| (الفصل) division of a book or treatise; assembly of monks; bishop's council; organized branch of some society |
| (مساهمة) act of contributing; payment exacted for special purpose; impost or levy |
| (التخلي عن) lacking restraint or control; feeling of extreme emotional intensity; unbounded enthusiasm |
chart
57
| (النزاع) fight; struggle; incompatibility of dates or events |
| (الهيكل) graph; diagram; map showing coastlines, water depths, or other information of use to navigators |
| (محدد) fixed; exact; having distinct limits |
| (المنزلي) house-hold; of or relating to the home ; within the country or home |
civil
58
| (المدني) having to do with citizens or the state; courteous and polite |
| (العملات) money; general acceptance or use |
| (عامل هام) of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis; of the greatest importance |
| (مكنت) supply with the means, knowledge, or opportunity; make able; make feasible or possible |
clarity
59
| (رغم) lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike; disdain, contemptuous feelings, hatred |
| (تعديل) modify; cause to change; make different; convert |
| (التقدير) recognition; taste; judgment or opinion, especially a favorable one |
| (واضحة) clearness of thought or style; brightness; splendor |
classical
60
| (الملخص) theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand |
| (اتصل بنا) get in touch with; reach |
| (افلام كلاسيكية) standard and authoritative rather than new or experimental; relating to the ancient Greeks and Romans, especially art, architecture, and literature |
| (الاتصالات) activity of communicating; activity of conveying information |
clause
61
| (فقرة) sentence; phrase; distinct article, stipulation, or provision in a document |
| (ملحق) something appended or added |
| (الاقتصادية) pertaining to economy; frugal; cheap |
| (تصميم) act of working out the form of something; creation of something in the mind; formulate a plan for |
code
62
| (تعطف) being firmly settled in habit; having been ratified; verified; fixed; established |
| (رباطة) thorough; including all or everything; broad in scope |
| (قواعد) body of law; system of rules or regulations relating to one subject; system of symbols, letters, or words |
| (معايير) standard, rule, or test on which a judgment or decision can be based |
coherence
63
| (عرض) exhibit; present or hold up to view; show; demonstrate; give evidence of; manifest |
| (امتلاك) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something |
| (اتفاقية) social or moral custom; formal meeting of members, representatives, or delegates; agreement between states |
| (التماسك) logical and orderly and consistent relation of parts; state of cohering or sticking together |
coincide
64
| (الشركات تصدير) sell or transfer abroad |
| (تتزامن) occur at the same time as; correspond |
| (العقائدي) provide written evidence; record in detail |
| (متاحة) convenient for use or disposal; not busy, free; obtainable; accessible |
collapse
65
| (انهيار) breakdown; failure |
| (الفصل) division of a book or treatise; assembly of monks; bishop's council; organized branch of some society |
| (التكيف) modification; alteration or adjustment in structure or habits |
| (باسم) represent; advantage, benefit, interest of someone |
commission
66
| (رغم) lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike; disdain, contemptuous feelings, hatred |
| (متنوعة) point or respect in which things differ; difference |
| (جنة) fee for services; group of people appointed to find out about something; authorize |
| (مفارقة تاريخية مماثلة) comparable; similar or alike |
commitment
67
| (السياق) circumstance |
| (الخبراء) person with a high degree of skill in or knowledge of a certain subject |
| (التزام) pledge, undertaking; act of binding yourself to a course of action |
| (يحفظون) make sure or certain; insure; assure |
commodity
68
| (السلع) goods; article of trade; advantage; benefit. |
| (بناء) act of constructing or building something |
| (إقرار) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill |
| (المدة) length of time something lasts |
communication
69
| (الاتصالات) activity of communicating; activity of conveying information |
| (المعاصرة) modern; belonging to the same period of time |
| (صريحة) precisely and clearly expressed; definite; outspoken |
| (التصور) something formed in the mind; thought or notion |
community
70
| (افلام كلاسيكية) standard and authoritative rather than new or experimental; relating to the ancient Greeks and Romans, especially art, architecture, and literature |
| (توسع) growth; extent or amount by which something has expanded |
| (ملحق) something appended or added |
| (المجتمع) society; a group of people living in the same locality and under the same government |
compensation
71
| (تعويضات) something given or received as payment as for a service or loss or injury |
| (ثابتة) invariable; repeating; continually occurring; persistent |
| (الهيكل) graph; diagram; map showing coastlines, water depths, or other information of use to navigators |
| (تكمل) complete; consummate; make perfect |
complement
72
| (تكمل) complete; consummate; make perfect |
| (التجريبية) derived from experiment and observation rather than theory |
| (رباطة) thorough; including all or everything; broad in scope |
| (المناسبة) acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use |
complex
73
| (مجمع) complicated in structure; a whole structure, as a building, made up of interconnected or related structures |
| (مرفق) fastened together; joined by wall, especially by sharing a wall with another building; not freestanding |
| (التقيد المجاورة) adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near |
| (البيانات) collection of facts, observations, or other information related to a particular question or problem |
component
74
| (مكون) element; ingredient; abstract part of something |
| (السائد) major; important; outweighing |
| (مفارقة تاريخية مماثلة) comparable; similar or alike |
| (معايير) standard, rule, or test on which a judgment or decision can be based |
comprehensive
75
| (رباطة) thorough; including all or everything; broad in scope |
| (عامل هام) of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis; of the greatest importance |
| (السائد) major; important; outweighing |
| (افلام كلاسيكية) standard and authoritative rather than new or experimental; relating to the ancient Greeks and Romans, especially art, architecture, and literature |
comprise
76
| (شاملة) include; consist of; be composed of |
| (البكم) striking; sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect |
| (واضحة) clearness of thought or style; brightness; splendor |
| (قناة) passage for water or other fluids to flow through; bed of a stream or river; route of communication or access |
concept
77
| (السنوي) occurring or payable every year |
| (الملخص) theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand |
| (التصور) something formed in the mind; thought or notion |
| (الت��ييز) excellence or eminence; note or mark of difference |
concurrent
78
| (المتزامنة) simultaneous; coincident; occurring or operating at the same time |
| (التماسك) logical and orderly and consistent relation of parts; state of cohering or sticking together |
| (المناقشة) discussion; dispute; discussion involving opposing points |
| (إقرار) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill |
conduct
79
| (عقد) constrict; make smaller; compress or concentrate |
| (تصريف) direct the course of; manage or control; lead or guide |
| (الملخص) theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand |
| (بديلة) one of two or more things, ideas or courses of action that may be used; option; choice |
conference
80
| (الرابطة) capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to eye |
| (تنسيق) regulation of diverse elements into an integrated and harmonious operation |
| (الاكتئاب) recession; economic slump; concavity in a surface produced by pressing ; sadness; low spirits |
| (المؤتمر) meeting for consultation or discussion; exchange of views |
confirmed
81
| (مساعدات) person or thing that promotes or helps in something done; helper; assistant |
| (ثابتة) invariable; repeating; continually occurring; persistent |
| (تعطف) being firmly settled in habit; having been ratified; verified; fixed; established |
| (يحفظون) make sure or certain; insure; assure |
conflict
82
| (تكمل) complete; consummate; make perfect |
| (انخفاض) change toward something smaller or lower ; gradual falling off from a better state |
| (النزاع) fight; struggle; incompatibility of dates or events |
| (مساهمة) act of contributing; payment exacted for special purpose; impost or levy |
conformity
83
| (تنسيق) regulation of diverse elements into an integrated and harmonious operation |
| (تباين) act of distinguishing by comparing differences |
| (مطابقة) similarity in form or character; agreement |
| (التكيف) modification; alteration or adjustment in structure or habits |
consent
84
| (البيانات) collection of facts, observations, or other information related to a particular question or problem |
| (دقيقة) capable of providing a correct reading or measurement; performing with care and precision |
| (صب) majority; main part; volume; mass |
| (موافقة) agree in opinion or sentiment; be of the same mind; accord; concur; allow |
considerable
85
| (شاملة) include; consist of; be composed of |
| (كبير) worthy of consideration; large in amount, extent, or degree |
| (الرابطة) capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to eye |
| (عرض) exhibit; present or hold up to view; show; demonstrate; give evidence of; manifest |
consistent
86
| (تتفق) being in agreement with itself; coherent; regular |
| (بيان () show, make visible or apparent |
| (واضحة) clearness of thought or style; brightness; splendor |
| (المناسبة) acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use |
constant
87
| (ثابتة) invariable; repeating; continually occurring; persistent |
| (تعريف) clarity of outline; concise explanation |
| (تعطف) being firmly settled in habit; having been ratified; verified; fixed; established |
| (إقرار) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill |
constitutional
88
| (الدستورية) of or relating to a constitution, or establishment form of government |
| (مساعدات) person or thing that promotes or helps in something done; helper; assistant |
| (ما يعادل) interchangeable; comparable; equal, as in value, force, or meaning |
| (السياق) circumstance |
construction
89
| (الاستهلاكية) people who buy goods or services |
| (بناء) act of constructing or building something |
| (بيان () show, make visible or apparent |
| (اتفاقية) social or moral custom; formal meeting of members, representatives, or delegates; agreement between states |
consumer
90
| (المناسبة) acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use |
| (الاستهلاكية) people who buy goods or services |
| (التحدي) assert a right; raise a formal objection; take exception to |
| (تطور) development; progression |
contact
91
| (اتصل بنا) get in touch with; reach |
| (التعسفي) randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle |
| (المعادلة) making equal; equal division; equality; equilibrium |
| (التخلص) eradicate; abolish; rule out |
contemporary
92
| (المعاصرة) modern; belonging to the same period of time |
| (تطور) development; progression |
| (إقرار) gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill |
| (بناء) act of constructing or building something |
context
93
| (السياق) circumstance |
| (الفصل) division of a book or treatise; assembly of monks; bishop's council; organized branch of some society |
| (مجمع) complicated in structure; a whole structure, as a building, made up of interconnected or related structures |
| (تحليل) study; investigation; process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts |
contract
94
| (المنزلي) house-hold; of or relating to the home ; within the country or home |
| (عقد) constrict; make smaller; compress or concentrate |
| (المتزامنة) simultaneous; coincident; occurring or operating at the same time |
| (الائتمان) arrangement for deferred payment for goods and services; money available for a client to borrow |
contradiction
95
| (يتظاهرون) show clearly and deliberately; manifest; confirm; prove |
| (مفارقة تاريخية مماثلة) comparable; similar or alike |
| (تباين) assertion of contrary; denial of the truth of a statement or assertion; opposition, whether by argument or conduct |
| (نطاق) field; territory over which rule or control is exercised; networked computers that share a common address |
contrary
96
| (صب) majority; main part; volume; mass |
| (تتفق) being in agreement with itself; coherent; regular |
| (مكنت) supply with the means, knowledge, or opportunity; make able; make feasible or possible |
| (على عكس) relation of direct opposition; very opposed in nature or character or purpose |
contrast
97
| (تباين) act of distinguishing by comparing differences |
| (مشروع) rough outline; draw up an outline; sketch |
| (المعاصرة) modern; belonging to the same period of time |
| (تآكل) corrosion; a gradual decline of something |
contribution
98
| (تكمل) complete; consummate; make perfect |
| (قناة) passage for water or other fluids to flow through; bed of a stream or river; route of communication or access |
| (مساهمة) act of contributing; payment exacted for special purpose; impost or levy |
| (تحليل) study; investigation; process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts |
controversy
99
| (تطور) development; progression |
| (باسم) represent; advantage, benefit, interest of someone |
| (تتزامن) occur at the same time as; correspond |
| (جدل) contentious speech act; argument |
convention
100
| (التوكيد) special attention or effort directed toward something; stress |
| (اتفاقية) social or moral custom; formal meeting of members, representatives, or delegates; agreement between states |
| (قناة) passage for water or other fluids to flow through; bed of a stream or river; route of communication or access |
| (كبير) worthy of consideration; large in amount, extent, or degree |
conversely
101
| (مطابقة) similarity in form or character; agreement |
| (الكفالة) link; connection; uniting force or tie; binding agreement; duty |
| (التقدير) recognition; taste; judgment or opinion, especially a favorable one |
| (العكس) in a converse manner; with change of order or relation; reciprocally. |
convinced
102
| (على عكس) relation of direct opposition; very opposed in nature or character or purpose |
| (تآكل) corrosion; a gradual decline of something |
| (تقدير) judge to be probable; form an opinion about; evaluate |
| (مقنعة) certain, sure |
cooperative
103
| (تصاحب) travel with; be associated with |
| (الاستغلال) unfair use of someone’s work giving little in return |
| (محدد) fixed; exact; having distinct limits |
| (التعاونية) done with or working with others |
coordination
104
| (تنسيق) regulation of diverse elements into an integrated and harmonious operation |
| (تعرض) risk, particularly of being exposed to disease; unmasking; act of laying something open |
| (انخفاض) change toward something smaller or lower ; gradual falling off from a better state |
| (عرض) exhibit; present or hold up to view; show; demonstrate; give evidence of; manifest |
core
105
| (تطور) development; progression |
| (الأساسية) basic, center, or most important part; essence |
| (أتقلد) suppose; presume; take on; bear |
| (جنة) fee for services; group of people appointed to find out about something; authorize |
corporate
106
| (المنزلي) house-hold; of or relating to the home ; within the country or home |
| (موثوق) united or combined into one body; collective; belonging to corporation or incorporated body |
| (تعويضات) something given or received as payment as for a service or loss or injury |
| (المناظرة) accompanying |
corresponding
107
| (غامضة) unclear or doubtful in meaning |
| (المناظرة) accompanying |
| (تباين) assertion of contrary; denial of the truth of a statement or assertion; opposition, whether by argument or conduct |
| (المؤتمر) meeting for consultation or discussion; exchange of views |
couple
108
| (الطبعة) whole number of copies of a work printed and published; single copy; act of editing |
| (اتصل بنا) get in touch with; reach |
| (الزوجين) a male and female associated together; a pair who associate with one another |
| (توزيع) act of distributing or spreading or apportioning |
create
109
| (تعطف) being firmly settled in habit; having been ratified; verified; fixed; established |
| (تعرض) risk, particularly of being exposed to disease; unmasking; act of laying something open |
| (المناسبة) acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use |
| (خلق) make or cause to be or to become; invest with a new thing |
credit
110
| (الملخص) theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand |
| (البيانات) collection of facts, observations, or other information related to a particular question or problem |
| (في النهاية) ultimately; in the final result or issue; in the end |
| (الائتمان) arrangement for deferred payment for goods and services; money available for a client to borrow |
criteria
111
| (معايير) standard, rule, or test on which a judgment or decision can be based |
| (المتزامنة) simultaneous; coincident; occurring or operating at the same time |
| (التجريبية) derived from experiment and observation rather than theory |
| (ما يعادل) interchangeable; comparable; equal, as in value, force, or meaning |
crucial
112
| (العقائدي) provide written evidence; record in detail |
| (الطاقة) exertion of force; capacity for work or vigorous activity; usable heat or power |
| (المؤتمر) meeting for consultation or discussion; exchange of views |
| (عامل هام) of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis; of the greatest importance |
currency
113
| (ضمان) promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt |
| (توسع) growth; extent or amount by which something has expanded |
| (العملات) money; general acceptance or use |
| (مقتطفات) draw or pull out, usually with some force or effort; remove; get despite difficulties or obstacles |
cycle
114
| (مكنت) supply with the means, knowledge, or opportunity; make able; make feasible or possible |
| (دورة) periodically repeated sequence of events; long period of time; entire round in a circle or a spire |
| (تتزامن) occur at the same time as; correspond |
| (الأدلة) something which makes evident or manifest; any mode of proof |
data
115
| (مقتطفات) draw or pull out, usually with some force or effort; remove; get despite difficulties or obstacles |
| (تعرض) risk, particularly of being exposed to disease; unmasking; act of laying something open |
| (البيانات) collection of facts, observations, or other information related to a particular question or problem |
| (الاقتصادية) pertaining to economy; frugal; cheap |
debate
116
| (بديلة) one of two or more things, ideas or courses of action that may be used; option; choice |
| (السياق) circumstance |
| (المناقشة) discussion; dispute; discussion involving opposing points |
| (الرابطة) approach; come near |
decline
117
| (واضحة) clearness of thought or style; brightness; splendor |
| (تحليل) study; investigation; process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts |
| (انخفاض) change toward something smaller or lower ; gradual falling off from a better state |
| (المناظرة) accompanying |
definite
118
| (تآكل) corrosion; a gradual decline of something |
| (محدد) fixed; exact; having distinct limits |
| (خلق) make or cause to be or to become; invest with a new thing |
| (متنوعة) point or respect in which things differ; difference |
definition
119
| (بناء) act of constructing or building something |
| (الملخص) theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand |
| (تعريف) clarity of outline; concise explanation |
| (رغم) lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike; disdain, contemptuous feelings, hatred |
demonstrate
120
| (تباين) act of distinguishing by comparing differences |
| (ملحق) something appended or added |
| (يتظاهرون) show clearly and deliberately; manifest; confirm; prove |
| (المساعدة) activity of contributing to fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose |
denote
121
| (دقيقة) capable of providing a correct reading or measurement; performing with care and precision |
| (تحديد دلالة) indicate; signify directly; refer to specifically |
| (جاذبية الكاتب) beginner, former, or first mover of anything; creator; originator; one who composes or writes book or composer |
| (التحدي) assert a right; raise a formal objection; take exception to |
deny
122
| (المساواة معدات) apparatus |
| (كبير) worthy of consideration; large in amount, extent, or degree |
| (مساعدات) person or thing that promotes or helps in something done; helper; assistant |
| (تنفي) disagree with; refuse; declare untrue |
depression
123
| (على عكس) relation of direct opposition; very opposed in nature or character or purpose |
| (الاكتئاب) recession; economic slump; concavity in a surface produced by pressing ; sadness; low spirits |
| (الاتصالات) activity of communicating; activity of conveying information |
| (تقدير) knowing how to avoid embarrassment or distress; trait of judging wisely and objectively |
design
124
| (معايير) standard, rule, or test on which a judgment or decision can be based |
| (الملخص) theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand |
| (تصميم) act of working out the form of something; creation of something in the mind; formulate a plan for |
| (تحديد دلالة) indicate; signify directly; refer to specifically |
despite
125
| (رغم) lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike; disdain, contemptuous feelings, hatred |
| (باسم) represent; advantage, benefit, interest of someone |
| (يتظاهرون) show clearly and deliberately; manifest; confirm; prove |
| (الهيكل) graph; diagram; map showing coastlines, water depths, or other information of use to navigators |
device
126
| (متاحة) convenient for use or disposal; not busy, free; obtainable; accessible |
| (الجهاز) technique or means; instrument; machine used to perform one or more relatively simple tasks |
| (موثوق) united or combined into one body; collective; belonging to corporation or incorporated body |
| (رغم) lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike; disdain, contemptuous feelings, hatred |
discretion
127
| (مكنت) supply with the means, knowledge, or opportunity; make able; make feasible or possible |
| (متاحة) convenient for use or disposal; not busy, free; obtainable; accessible |
| (الهيكل) graph; diagram; map showing coastlines, water depths, or other information of use to navigators |
| (تقدير) knowing how to avoid embarrassment or distress; trait of judging wisely and objectively |
displacement
128
| (التصرف) act of removing from office or employment |
| (موثوق) united or combined into one body; collective; belonging to corporation or incorporated body |
| (امتلاك) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something |
| (الأدلة) something which makes evident or manifest; any mode of proof |
display
129
| (موافقة) agree in opinion or sentiment; be of the same mind; accord; concur; allow |
| (الاستغلال) unfair use of someone’s work giving little in return |
| (الفصل) division of a book or treatise; assembly of monks; bishop's council; organized branch of some society |
| (عرض) exhibit; present or hold up to view; show; demonstrate; give evidence of; manifest |
distinction
130
| (انهيار) breakdown; failure |
| (التقييم) act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable |
| (التصور) something formed in the mind; thought or notion |
| (الت��ييز) excellence or eminence; note or mark of difference |
distribution
131
| (المنهج) access; method |
| (توزيع) act of distributing or spreading or apportioning |
| (المنافع) advantage; something that aids or promotes well-being ; welfare; gain |
| (تتزامن) occur at the same time as; correspond |
diversity
132
| (المنافع) advantage; something that aids or promotes well-being ; welfare; gain |
| (دقيقة) capable of providing a correct reading or measurement; performing with care and precision |
| (متنوعة) point or respect in which things differ; difference |
| (السائد) major; important; outweighing |
document
133
| (الاكتئاب) recession; economic slump; concavity in a surface produced by pressing ; sadness; low spirits |
| (موافقة) agree in opinion or sentiment; be of the same mind; accord; concur; allow |
| (العقائدي) provide written evidence; record in detail |
| (على عكس) relation of direct opposition; very opposed in nature or character or purpose |
domain
134
| (نطاق) field; territory over which rule or control is exercised; networked computers that share a common address |
| (السياق) circumstance |
| (مطابقة) similarity in form or character; agreement |
| (مجمع) complicated in structure; a whole structure, as a building, made up of interconnected or related structures |
domestic
135
| (المنزلي) house-hold; of or relating to the home ; within the country or home |
| (التقدير) recognition; taste; judgment or opinion, especially a favorable one |
| (مطابقة) similarity in form or character; agreement |
| (عرض) exhibit; present or hold up to view; show; demonstrate; give evidence of; manifest |
dominant
136
| (الإقامة) living quarters provided for public convenience; something that meets a need; convenience |
| (السائد) major; important; outweighing |
| (دورة) periodically repeated sequence of events; long period of time; entire round in a circle or a spire |
| (العقارية) extensive landed property; everything you own; all of your assets |
draft
137
| (فقرة) sentence; phrase; distinct article, stipulation, or provision in a document |
| (المناظرة) accompanying |
| (مشروع) rough outline; draw up an outline; sketch |
| (تصريف) direct the course of; manage or control; lead or guide |
dramatic
138
| (يعون) knowing; having knowledge or cognizance |
| (انخفاض) change toward something smaller or lower ; gradual falling off from a better state |
| (البكم) striking; sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect |
| (تطمح الجمعية) gathering; meeting; a group of persons gathered together for common reason |
duration
139
| (المدة) length of time something lasts |
| (تباين) act of distinguishing by comparing differences |
| (المتزامنة) simultaneous; coincident; occurring or operating at the same time |
| (تعطف) being firmly settled in habit; having been ratified; verified; fixed; established |
dynamic
140
| (مقتطفات) draw or pull out, usually with some force or effort; remove; get despite difficulties or obstacles |
| (خلق) make or cause to be or to become; invest with a new thing |
| (الصارمة دينامية) energetic; vigorously active |
| (تحليل) study; investigation; process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts |
economic
141
| (الاقتصادية) pertaining to economy; frugal; cheap |
| (في النهاية) ultimately; in the final result or issue; in the end |
| (السنوي) occurring or payable every year |
| (تقدير) judge to be probable; form an opinion about; evaluate |
edition
142
| (الطبعة) whole number of copies of a work printed and published; single copy; act of editing |
| (الاتصالات) activity of communicating; activity of conveying information |
| (امتلاك) act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something |
| (التزام) pledge, undertaking; act of binding yourself to a course of action |
eliminate
143
| (المنهج) access; method |
| (التخلص) eradicate; abolish; rule out |
| (الاقتصادية) pertaining to economy; frugal; cheap |
| (الرابطة) approach; come near |
emphasis
144
| (واضحة) clearness of thought or style; brightness; splendor |
| (التوكيد) special attention or effort directed toward something; stress |
| (تكمل) complete; consummate; make perfect |
| (معايير) standard, rule, or test on which a judgment or decision can be based |
empirical
145
| (مكون) element; ingredient; abstract part of something |
| (تعويضات) something given or received as payment as for a service or loss or injury |
| (قواعد) body of law; system of rules or regulations relating to one subject; system of symbols, letters, or words |
| (التجريبية) derived from experiment and observation rather than theory |
enable
146
| (النزاع) fight; struggle; incompatibility of dates or events |
| (التصرف) act of removing from office or employment |
| (مكنت) supply with the means, knowledge, or opportunity; make able; make feasible or possible |
| (تصاحب) travel with; be associated with |
energy
147
| (نطاق) field; territory over which rule or control is exercised; networked computers that share a common address |
| (انهيار) breakdown; failure |
| (تقدير) knowing how to avoid embarrassment or distress; trait of judging wisely and objectively |
| (الطاقة) exertion of force; capacity for work or vigorous activity; usable heat or power |
enormous
148
| (قناة) passage for water or other fluids to flow through; bed of a stream or river; route of communication or access |
| (هائلة) very great in size, extent, number, or degrees; huge; massive |
| (اتفاقية) social or moral custom; formal meeting of members, representatives, or delegates; agreement between states |
| (الزوجين) a male and female associated together; a pair who associate with one another |
ensure
149
| (يعون) knowing; having knowledge or cognizance |
| (تتزامن) occur at the same time as; correspond |
| (الائتمان) arrangement for deferred payment for goods and services; money available for a client to borrow |
| (يحفظون) make sure or certain; insure; assure |
environment
150
| (الت��ييز) excellence or eminence; note or mark of difference |
| (البيئة) surroundings; totality of surrounding conditions |
| (الفصل) division of a book or treatise; assembly of monks; bishop's council; organized branch of some society |
| (مكون) element; ingredient; abstract part of something |
equation
151
| (تحليل) study; investigation; process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts |
| (التوكيد) special attention or effort directed toward something; stress |
| (المعادلة) making equal; equal division; equality; equilibrium |
| (المعاصرة) modern; belonging to the same period of time |
equipment
152
| (مقتطفات) draw or pull out, usually with some force or effort; remove; get despite difficulties or obstacles |
| (افلام كلاسيكية) standard and authoritative rather than new or experimental; relating to the ancient Greeks and Romans, especially art, architecture, and literature |
| (توزيع) act of distributing or spreading or apportioning |
| (المساواة معدات) apparatus |
equivalent
153
| (ما يعادل) interchangeable; comparable; equal, as in value, force, or meaning |
| (المنهج) access; method |
| (المعاصرة) modern; belonging to the same period of time |
| (التخلي عن) lacking restraint or control; feeling of extreme emotional intensity; unbounded enthusiasm |
erosion
154
| (بيان () show, make visible or apparent |
| (كاف) sufficient; enough to meet a purpose |
| (تآكل) corrosion; a gradual decline of something |
| (التخلص) eradicate; abolish; rule out |
estate
155
| (العقارية) extensive landed property; everything you own; all of your assets |
| (الرابطة) capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to eye |
| (المؤتمر) meeting for consultation or discussion; exchange of views |
| (خلق) make or cause to be or to become; invest with a new thing |
estimate
156
| (المنهج) access; method |
| (تقدير) judge to be probable; form an opinion about; evaluate |
| (المتزامنة) simultaneous; coincident; occurring or operating at the same time |
| (المجتمع) society; a group of people living in the same locality and under the same government |
ethnic
157
| (يعون) knowing; having knowledge or cognizance |
| (عرقية) relating to races; group of people sharing common racial, national, or religious heritage |
| (صب) majority; main part; volume; mass |
| (الدستورية) of or relating to a constitution, or establishment form of government |
eventually
158
| (في النهاية) ultimately; in the final result or issue; in the end |
| (مسموعة السلطة) jurisdiction; power to enforce laws, exact obedience, command, determine, or judge; government |
| (تعطف) being firmly settled in habit; having been ratified; verified; fixed; established |
| (الهيكل) graph; diagram; map showing coastlines, water depths, or other information of use to navigators |
evidence
159
| (الاتصالات) activity of communicating; activity of conveying information |
| (التجريبية) derived from experiment and observation rather than theory |
| (الأدلة) something which makes evident or manifest; any mode of proof |
| (الفصل) division of a book or treatise; assembly of monks; bishop's council; organized branch of some society |
evolution
160
| (فقرة) sentence; phrase; distinct article, stipulation, or provision in a document |
| (التماسك) logical and orderly and consistent relation of parts; state of cohering or sticking together |
| (تعريف) clarity of outline; concise explanation |
| (تطور) development; progression |
exceed
161
| (العملات) money; general acceptance or use |
| (تجاوزت) go beyond; be or do something to a greater degree |
| (تعرض) risk, particularly of being exposed to disease; unmasking; act of laying something open |
| (رغم) lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike; disdain, contemptuous feelings, hatred |
exhibit
162
| (بناء) act of constructing or building something |
| (بيان () show, make visible or apparent |
| (البكم) striking; sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect |
| (عقد) constrict; make smaller; compress or concentrate |
expansion
163
| (توسع) growth; extent or amount by which something has expanded |
| (الفصل) division of a book or treatise; assembly of monks; bishop's council; organized branch of some society |
| (مرفق) fastened together; joined by wall, especially by sharing a wall with another building; not freestanding |
| (العكس) in a converse manner; with change of order or relation; reciprocally. |
expert
164
| (مفارقة تاريخية مماثلة) comparable; similar or alike |
| (الدعوة) speak, plead, or argue in favour of; plead for; push for something |
| (مكون) element; ingredient; abstract part of something |
| (الخبراء) person with a high degree of skill in or knowledge of a certain subject |
explicit
165
| (موثوق) united or combined into one body; collective; belonging to corporation or incorporated body |
| (خلق) make or cause to be or to become; invest with a new thing |
| (البكم) striking; sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect |
| (صريحة) precisely and clearly expressed; definite; outspoken |
exploitation
166
| (الاقتصادية) pertaining to economy; frugal; cheap |
| (الطبعة) whole number of copies of a work printed and published; single copy; act of editing |
| (التحدي) assert a right; raise a formal objection; take exception to |
| (الاستغلال) unfair use of someone’s work giving little in return |
export
167
| (صب) majority; main part; volume; mass |
| (التحدي) assert a right; raise a formal objection; take exception to |
| (الشركات تصدير) sell or transfer abroad |
| (مرفق) fastened together; joined by wall, especially by sharing a wall with another building; not freestanding |
exposure
168
| (السنوي) occurring or payable every year |
| (العكس) in a converse manner; with change of order or relation; reciprocally. |
| (تعرض) risk, particularly of being exposed to disease; unmasking; act of laying something open |
| (مسموعة السلطة) jurisdiction; power to enforce laws, exact obedience, command, determine, or judge; government |
external
169
| (نبذة) short in time, duration, length, or extent; concise |
| (تجاوزت) go beyond; be or do something to a greater degree |
| (الخارجية) exterior; outer; suitable for application to the outside |
| (رغم) lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike; disdain, contemptuous feelings, hatred |
extract
170
| (عرقية) relating to races; group of people sharing common racial, national, or religious heritage |
| (مقتطفات) draw or pull out, usually with some force or effort; remove; get despite difficulties or obstacles |
| (المناسبة) acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use |
| (الاستغلال) unfair use of someone’s work giving little in return |