9th Grade Cards for Langhorne, PA, USA

Online and interactive flashcards for students of Neshaminy School District.
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 9th Grade Flashcards for Neshaminy School District
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abatement
n. the act of abating
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abdicate
v. give up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw from, as a right or claim
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abstract
a. theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand
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acumen
n. mental keenness; quickness of perception
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adherent
n. one who strongly supports something; one who follows or upholds a leader, party, cause
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adjunct
n. something added on or attached generally nonessential or inferior
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aesthetic
a. elegant or tasteful; of or concerning appreciation of beauty or good taste
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aggrandize
v. increase scope of; extend; intensify; make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation
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allegory
n. symbolic representation of abstract ideas or principles in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form
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allusion
n. indirect reference; symbolical reference or comparison; metaphor
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ameliorate
v. make or become better; improve; grow better
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amenable
a. responsive to advice or suggestion; responsible to higher authority; willing to comply with; agreeable
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amoral
a. lacking moral sensibility; not caring about right and wrong.
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amorous
a. moved by sexual love; loving
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ancillary
a. serving as aid or accessory; auxiliary
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antipathy
n. strong feeling of aversion; dislike
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antiquated
a. too old to be fashionable, suitable, or useful; obsolete; aged
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antiquity
n. ancient times, especially the times preceding the Middle Ages; extreme oldness
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antithesis
n. a contrast or opposition between two things; direct contrast
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aperture
n. opening; diameter of such an opening; hole
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approbation
n. expression of warm approval; praise
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arcane
a. secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated
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ardor
n. intense feeling of love; feelings of great warmth and intensity
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ascendancy
n. superiority or decisive advantage; domination
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ascertain
v. find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of
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assiduous
a. constant in application or attention; diligent; unceasing or persistent
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assimilation
n. the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure
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attenuate
v. make slender, fine, or small; weaken; lessen density of
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audacious
a. fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold
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audit
v. make an official examination of the accounts of a business and produce a report
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augment
v. make greater, as in size, extent, or quantity
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auxiliary
a. giving help or support, especially to a more important person or thing
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avarice
n. greediness for wealth; insatiable desire of gain
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aversion
n. firm dislike; turning away; avoidance of a thing, situation, or behavior because of dislike
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avouch
v. admit openly and bluntly; make no bones about
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belabor
v. discuss repeatedly; attack verbally; work hard upon
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bemuse
v. cause to be confused emotionally
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benefactor
n. gift giver; person who gives people or institutions with financial help
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beseech
v. beg; plead with; ask for or request earnestly
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betoken
v. signify; indicate; be a visible sign of; give evidence of
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blanch
v. cause to turn white or become pale; take color from; bleach
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blatant
a. flagrant; conspicuously obvious; loudly offensive
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boorish
a. rude and clumsy in behavior; ungentlemanly; awkward in manners
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brigand
n. an armed thief who is (usually) a member of a band
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buffet
n. table with food set out for people to serve themselves
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buffoon
n. one who makes a practice of amusing others by low tricks, antic gestures; droll; mimic; clown
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bulwark
n. earthwork or other strong defense; person who defends
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bursar
n. treasurer or keeper of funds; purser or treasurer of college or other community
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buttress
v. support physically; prop up; support something or someone by supplying evidence
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cajole
v. influence or urge by gentle urging or flattering
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calamitous
a. (of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin
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carnal
a. fleshly; of or relating to body or flesh; bodily
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carouse
n. revelry in drinking; a merry drinking party
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carp
n. the lean flesh of a fish that is often farmed; can be baked or braised
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castigate
v. criticize severely; punish; revise or make corrections to publication
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cavalier
a. offhand or casual; given to haughty disregard of others
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cavort
v. play boisterously
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certitude
n. state of being certain; complete assurance; confidence
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cessation
n. bringing or coming to end; ceasing
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champion
n. a person who has defeated all rivals in a competition
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chasten
v. rid of excess; refine or purify; correct by punishment or reproof
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chastise
v. punish, as by beating; criticize severely; rebuke
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cherubic
a. angelic; innocent-looking; like a baby; infantile
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churlish
a. difficult to work with; rude; unyielding; unmanageable
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circumscribe
v. limit narrowly; confine; draw a line around; encircle
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citadel
n. fortress; fortified place which people could go for shelter during battle
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clandestine
a. secret; conducted with or marked by hidden aims or methods
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Coalesce
v. fuse or cause to grow together
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cognition
n. the process of knowing
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collateral
n. security pledged for repayment of loan
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commodious
a. spacious and comfortable; fit; proper; convenient
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compatriot
n. person from one's own country; colleague; somebody from one's own country; a fellow-countryman
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compensate
v. make amends for; reimburse
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complacent
a. contented to a fault with oneself or one's actions
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compunction
n. feeling of deep regret; strong uneasiness caused by a sense of guilt
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concede
v. admit; yield; give up physical control of another
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conceptualize
v. have the idea for
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concur
v. be in accord; be in agreement
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conduit
n. pipe or channel for conveying fluids; tube for enclosing electric wires or cable
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congenial
a. pleasant or agreeable because suited to one's taste; compatible
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conjecture
v. guess, based on the appearance of a situation and not on proof
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Conjugal
a. of or relating to marriage or to the relationship between a wife and husband
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constrained
a. lacking spontaneity; not natural
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constraint
n. something that restricts or confines within prescribed bounds
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consummate
a. carried to the utmost extent or degree; of the highest quality; complete; perfect
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contentious
a. quarrelsome; disagreeable; marked by heated arguments or controversy
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conundrum
n. riddle; difficult problem; dilemma
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convene
v. cause to come together formally
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conventional
a. based upon tradition rules; formed by agreement or compact
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corrugate
v. fold into ridges
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credence
n. credit; faith
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credulous
a. apt to believe on slight evidence; easily imposed upon; unsuspecting; believed too readily
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culpable
a. deserving blame or censure as being wrong or evil or injurious
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cumulative
a. increasing by successive addition
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cynic
n. a person who believes that people are motivated purely by self-interest rather than acting for honorable or unselfish reasons
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daunt
v. frighten; abate the courage of; discourage
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debutante
n. young woman making formal entrance into society
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decapitate
v. behead; cut off the head of
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deferential
a. showing deference; respectful and considerate
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deflation
n. a contraction of economic activity resulting in a decline of prices; the act of letting the air out of something
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demystify
v. clarify; free from mystery or obscurity
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deplore
v. feel or express strong disapproval of; condemn; express sorrow or grief over; regret
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deploy
v. position troops in readiness for combat, as along a front or line; put into use or action
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deride
v. ridicule; make fun of; laugh at with contempt
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destitute
a. extremely poor; utterly lacking; devoid
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diffract
v. undergo diffraction
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diligent
a. assiduous; industrious; hard working
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dirge
n. a piece of music of a mournful character, to accompany funeral rites; funeral hymn
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disbar
v. remove from the bar; expel from the practice of law by official action
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disconcerting
a. causing an emotional disturbance
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dishearten
v. discourage; cause to lose courage or hope
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disinclined
a. not inclined; having a disinclination; being unwilling
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disinterment
n. the act of digging something out of the ground (especially a corpse) where it has been buried
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disoblige
v. ignore someone's wishes
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dispassionate
a. calm; impartial; unaffected by strong emotion or prejudice
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dissemble
v. disguise or conceal behind a false appearance; make a false show of
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disseminate
v. distribute; spread; scatter like seeds
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Dissension
n. a conflict of people's opinions or actions or characters
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dissuade
v. persuade not to do; discourage
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divisive
a. having a quality that divides, separates, or creates contention and discord
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dogmatic
a. stubbornly adhering to insufficiently proven beliefs; inflexible, rigid
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dowry
n. money or property brought by a woman to her husband at marriage
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dross
n. waste or impure matter; worthless, commonplace, or trivial matter
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dubious
a. questionable; filled with doubt
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edifice
n. building, especially one of imposing appearance or size; a structure that has a roof and walls
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efface
v. rub or wipe out; make indistinct as if by rubbing
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efficacious
a. successful in producing desired or intended result;
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effigy
n. crude figure or dummy representing a hated person or group; likeness or image, especially of a person
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elucidate
v. make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify
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encipher
v. encode; convert plain message into code
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enervate
v. weaken or destroy strength or vitality of; remove a nerve or part of a nerve
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engender
v. cause; bring into existence; give rise to
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enigmatic
a. obscure; puzzling; not easily explained or accounted for
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ensconce
v. settle oneself securely or comfortably; place or conceal in secure place
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epigram
n. witty thought or saying, usually short; short, witty poem expressing a single thought or observation
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epigraph
n. a quotation at the beginning of some piece of writing
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epithet
n. word or phrase characteristically used to describe a person or thing
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erudite
a. learned; scholarly, with emphasis on knowledge gained from books
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erudition
n. profound scholarly knowledge
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euphony
n. any agreeable (pleasing and harmonious) sounds
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euthanasia
n. practice of ending life of hopelessly ill individuals; assisted suicide
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evince
v. show or demonstrate clearly; overcome; conquer
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evoke
v. bring out; arouse; call forth
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exhort
v. urge on or encourage, especially by shouts; make urgent appeal
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expatriate
n. someone who has withdrawn from his native land
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expound
v. explain or describe in detail
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expunge
v. cancel; remove; erase or strike out
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extradite
v. hand over to the authorities of another country
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extraneous
a. not essential; coming from outside
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facilitate
v. help bring about; make less difficult
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facility
n. service, space, and equipment provided for a particular purpose
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fastidious
a. difficult to please; having complicated requirements; excessively particular demanding about details
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felicitous
a. apt; suitably expressed; well chosen
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felicity
n. great happiness; pleasing and appropriate manner or style
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filch
v. steal, especially in a small, sly way; take from another on a petty scale, as by violation of trust
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flaccid
a. acting in strength, firmness, or resilience
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flagrant
a. obvious and offensive, blatant, scandalous; flaming into notice
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flamboyant
a. elaborately or excessively ornamented
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flounder
v. move or act clumsily and in confusion
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flout
v. reject; mock; express contempt for rules by word or action; behave with contempt
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forswear
v. renounce or deny something, especially under oath; swear falsely, usually under pressure
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foster
v. rear; promote the growth of; help develop
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founder
v. fail completely; sink below the surface of the water
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frenetic
a. excessively agitated; transported with rage or other violent emotion
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furtive
a. marked by quiet and caution and secrecy
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fusion
n. union; act of melting together by heat
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garish
a. over-bright in color; tastelessly showy
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garner
v. gather; store up; amass; acquire
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garrulous
a. talking much and repetition of unimportant or trivial details
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gratis
a. free, without charge; costing nothing
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gratuity
n. something given freely or without recompense; free gift; a present
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gregarious
a. sociable; seeking and enjoying the company of others
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grievous
a. causing grief or sorrow; painful; afflictive; hard to bear; offensive; harmful
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gross
a. of huge size; excessively large; coarse; rough; not fine or delicate
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guile
n. skillful deceit; disposition to deceive or cheat; disguise cunningly
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haggle
v. argue about prices; bargain, as over the price of something
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hallow
v. make holy; set apart for holy or religious use; consecrate; treat or keep as sacred
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headstrong
a. stubbornly and often recklessly willful; unyielding
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heathen
n. irreligious person; pagan ; one who does not acknowledge the God of the Bible
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hemorrhage
n. the flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessel
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herald
n. proclaim; announces important news; messenger
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hiatus
n. gap; interruption in duration or continuity; pause
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hoary
a. gray or white with or as if with age; covered with grayish hair
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hyperbole
n. figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis; overstatement
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illimitable
a. without limits in extent, size, or quantity
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impassioned
a. actuated or characterized by passion or zeal; showing warmth of feeling; ardent; animated; excited
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impeach
v. make an accusation against; challenge or discredit the credibility of
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impecunious
a. without money; poor; penniless
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implacable
a. incapable of being pacified; not to be relieved;
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implicit
a. implied or understood though not directly expressed
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importune
v. beg persistently; ask for urgently or repeatedly; annoy
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imposing
a. adapted to impress forcibly; impressive; impressive in appearance
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impromptu
a. without previous preparation
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improvident
a. thriftless; not providing for future; incautious
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incarcerate
v. imprison; put into jail; shut up or enclose
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incognito
a. with one's identity disguised or concealed; in disguise; in an assumed character, or under an assumed title
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incoherent
a. lacking cohesion, connection, or harmony; unable to think in clear manner
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inconsequential
a. insignificant; lacking importance; not following from premises or evidence; illogical
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indecorous
a. not in keeping with accepted standards of what is right or proper in polite society
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indict
v. charge; accuse formally of a crime
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indignant
a. affected with indignation; wrathful; passionate; irate; feeling wrath by unworthy or unjust treatment
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inebriated
a. under the influence of alcohol; intoxicated; drunk
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inept
a. lacking of judgment, sense, or reason; unsuited; inappropriate; foolish
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inevitable
a. unavoidable; incapable of being avoided or prevented
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infallible
a. incapable of failure or error
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infamy
n. evil fame or public reputation
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ingratiate
v. become popular with; make agreeable or acceptable
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inhibit
v. restrain; prevent or forbid; hold back
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insatiable
a. not easily satisfied; impossible to satiate or satisfy; greedy
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inscrutable
a. impenetrable; not readily understood; mysterious
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insipid
a. lacking flavor or zest; not tasty; dull
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insolent
a. strange; unusual; haughty or brutal in behavior or language; grossly rude or disrespectful
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insoluble
a. admitting of no solution or explanation
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insubstantial
a. lacking substance or reality; insignificant; frail; not firm or solid
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intimation
n. an indirect suggestion
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intransigent
a. impervious to pleas, persuasion, requests, reason
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introspective
a. looking within oneself; thoughtful about oneself; studying or exhibiting one's own internal state
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invective
n. abusive language used to express blame or ill will
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invincible
a. incapable of being overcome or defeated; unconquerable
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irascible
a. irritable; easily angered; excited by or arising from anger
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jaded
a. fatigued dulled by surfeit; exhausted; worn out; wearied
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jollity
n. gayness; splendor; cheerfulness or celebration
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juncture
n. point in time, especially a critical point; joining point
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juxtapose
v. place side by side
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juxtaposition
n. act of positioning close together; side-by-side position
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knave
n. untrustworthy person; deceitful and unreliable scoundrel; man of humble birth; male servant
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knell
n. the sound of a bell knelling; a toll
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lament
v. grieve; express sorrow; regret deeply
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lamentation
n. the passionate and demonstrative activity of expressing grief
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lethargy
n. inactivity; showing an unusual lack of energy
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licentious
a. amoral; unrestrained; lacking moral discipline or ignoring legal restraint
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lien
n. a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm; produces cells involved in immune responses
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lionize
v. look on or treat a person as celebrity; visit famous places in order to revere them
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lissome
a. moving and bending with ease
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lithe
a. flexible; moving and bending with ease
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livid
a. lead-colored; black and blue; discolored, as from a bruise; extremely angry
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loathe
v. dislike greatly; hate; cause to dislike or avoid
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luminary
n. celebrity; person who is an inspiration to others; person who has achieved eminence in specific field
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luminous
a. shining; emitting light, especially emitting self-generated light
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maelstrom
n. whirlpool; powerful circular current of water
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malady
n. disease, disorder, or ailment; unwholesome condition
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malefactor
n. criminal; one who does evil or injury to another
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malinger
v. avoid responsibilities and duties, e.g., by pretending to be ill
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mannered
a. artificial or affected; not natural; having or showing a certain manner
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mar
v. spoil or damage; impair the soundness, perfection, or integrity of
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marred
a. damaged or disfigured by injury or rough wear
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masquerade
n. assembly of persons wearing masks, and amusing themselves with dancing, conversation, or other diversions; dramatic performance by actors in masks
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maudlin
a. tearfully sentimental; over-emotional; sickly-sentimental
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melancholy
a. gloomy; feeling of thoughtful sadness; affected by depression
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mirth
n. gladness and gaiety, especially when expressed by laughter
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misanthrope
n. one who hates or mistrusts mankind
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missive
n. letter; written message; messenger
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mitigate
v. make less severe or harsh; moderate
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mnemonic
a. assisting, or intended to assist the memory
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naive
a. too willing to believe that someone is telling the truth, lacking worldly experience
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natal
a. of one's birth; accompanying or dating from one's birth; native
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nebulous
a. lacking definite form or limits; hazy; cloudy
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nemesis
n. someone seeking revenge; source of harm or ruin; opponent that cannot be beaten or overcome
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neutrality
n. a neutral position, especially in a war
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neutralize
v. make neutral and thus inoffensive
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nicety
n. precision; subtle difference in meaning, opinion, or attitude
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nomenclature
n. terminology; system of names used in an art or science
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nondescript
a. dull and uninteresting; lacking distinct or individual
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oblivious
a. inattentive or unmindful; lacking all memory; forgetful
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obscure
v. darken; make dim or indistinct; conceal in obscurity
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obscurity
n. quality or state of being obscure; darkness; privacy; inconspicuousness
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obviate
v. bypass requirement or make it unnecessary; get rid of
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odious
a. hateful; arousing strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure
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ominous
a. threatening; foreshadowing evil or tragic developments
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oracle
n. answer of god; communications, revelations, or messages delivered by god to the prophets
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palatial
a. of nature of palace, as in spaciousness or ornateness
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palette
n. board on which painter mixes pigments
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pallid
a. abnormally pale; lacking intensity of color or luminousness
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parch
v. burn surface of; roast over fire, as dry grain; dry to extremity
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pare
v. remove outer covering or skin of with knife or similar instrument
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parochial
a. narrow in outlook; related to local church community
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parry
v. avoid or try to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing
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partisan
a. one-sided; prejudiced; committed to a party
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pathogenic
a. able to cause disease; producing disease
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pedant
n. one who is overly concerned with formal rules and trivial points of learning
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pediment
n. a triangular gable between a horizontal entablature and a sloping roof
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pejorative
a. tending to make or become worse; disparaging or belittling
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pensive
a. deeply, often dreamily thoughtful; engaged in serious thought or reflection; contemplative
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perfunctory
a. done routinely and with little interest or care; acting with indifference; showing little interest or care
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personification
n. representing an abstract quality or idea as a person or creature
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pervert
v. cause to turn away from what is right, proper, or good; corrupt; bring to a bad or worse condition
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phalanx
n. compact or close knit group of people, animals, or things
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pique
n. sudden outburst of anger; state of vexation caused by a perceived slight or indignity
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pneumatic
a. of or relating to or using air (or a similar gas)
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politic
a. expedient; artful, crafty or cunning; using, displaying, or proceeding from policy
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portent
n. omen; forewarning; something that portends an event about to occur, especially unfortunate or evil event
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possible
a. able to be done
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potentate
n. monarch; ruler who is unconstrained by law
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premeditate
v. plan, arrange, or plot in advance; deliberate upon future action
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progressive
a. forward-looking; advancing; incremental
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pungent
a. stinging; sharp in taste or smell; caustic
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puritanical
a. exaggeratedly proper
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query
n. inquiry; doubt in the mind; mental reservation
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quiver
v. shake with slight, rapid, tremulous movement
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ramification
n. act or process of branching out or dividing into branches; subdivision or branch
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rancor
n. bitter, long-lasting resentment; deep-seated ill will; hatred
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rancorous
a. full of deep-seated enmity or, malice, or hatred
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ravenous
a. extremely hungry; voracious; eager for prey
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recapitulate
v. summarize; repeat in concise form
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reclusive
a. avoiding the company of other people; solitary
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rectify
v. set right; correct by calculation or adjustment
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redundant
a. exceeding what is necessary or natural; repetitious; excessively wordy
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refract
v. deflect sound or light from straight path ; alter by viewing through medium
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refuge
n. a condition of being safe or sheltered from pursuit, danger, or trouble
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rehabilitate
v. restore to proper condition; help to re-adapt, as to former state of health or good repute
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rejuvenate
v. make young again; restore to youthful vigor or appearance
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remediable
a. capable of being remedied or cured; set straight or right
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remuneration
n. something that remunerates
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renown
n. fame; quality of being widely honored and acclaimed
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repast
n. food eaten or provided at a meal; feast; banquet
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replete
a. filled to brim or to point of being stuffed; abundantly supplied
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repression
n. a state of forcible subjugation
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reprove
v. voice or convey disapproval of; rebuke; find fault with
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repudiate
v. disown; refuse to acknowledge; reject validity or authority of
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repulse
v. force or drive back; drive back; refuse; disgust
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requite
v. repay; revenge; make repayment for or return something
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resilient
a. elastic; having power of springing back or recover readily
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resonant
a. echoing; strong and deep in tone; resounding; having lasting presence or effect
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resonate
v. To have an effect or impact; to influence; to engender support
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restitution
n. reparation; getting something back again; restoring something to its original state
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retort
n. reply, especially to answer in a quick, caustic, or witty manner
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retroactive
a. extending in scope or effect to a prior time or to prior conditions
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revile
v. attack with abusive language; vilify
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revitalize
v. to give new life or energy, usually after a period of inactivity
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rhapsody
n. an epic poem adapted for recitation
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robust
a. vigorous; full of health and strength; vigorous
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rotund
a. (of sounds) full and rich
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sallow
a. unhealthy looking
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sanction
v. give authorization or approval to something; penalize a state, especially for violating international law
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sanctuary
n. place of refuge or asylum; shrine; holy place, such as a church, temple, or mosque
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sanguine
a. cheerfully confident; optimistic; of healthy reddish color; ruddy
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scale
n. a balance or any of various other instruments or devices for weighing
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scathing
n. the act of damaging something or someone
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scenario
n. screenplay; outline or model of an expected sequence of events
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scrupulous
a. exactly and carefully conducted; by extreme care and great effort; cautious
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sedition
n. resistance to authority; insubordination or rebellion
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sensual
a. physical rather than spiritual or intellectual; affecting any of senses or sense organ; sensory
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sequel
n. a part added to a book or play that continues and extends it
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servile
a. slavish; suitable to slave or servant; relating to servitude or forced labor
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soluble
a. able to be dissolved; able to be explained
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sordid
a. filthy; unethical or dishonest; dirty; foul; morally degraded
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stagnant
a. not moving or flowing; lacking vitality or briskness; stale; dull
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stasis
n. condition of balance among various forces; inactivity resulting from static balance
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stipend
n. fixed and regular payment, such as salary for services or allowance.
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strident
a. loud and harsh; insistent; high-pitched; rough-sounding
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stringent
a. demanding strict attention to rules and procedures; binding; rigid
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stultify
v. cause to appear or become stupid or inconsistent; frustrate or hinder
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sublime
a. of high spiritual, moral, or intellectual worth; characterized by nobility; majestic
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submissive
a. yielding; inclined or ready to submit
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subterfuge
n. pretense; something intended to misrepresent
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superfluous
a. being beyond what is required or sufficient
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surfeit
v. eat until excessively full; be more than full; feed someone to excess
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tenuous
a. long and thin; slender; having little substance
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tinge
n. degree, usually a slight degree, of some color, taste
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torpor
n. state of mental or physical inactivity or insensibility; sluggishness; dormancy
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transmute
v. change from one form, nature, substance, or state into another; transform
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truant
n. wandering from business or duty; one who is absent without permission, especially from school
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undulating
a. moving with wavelike motion
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vacillate
v. sway unsteadily from one side to the other; oscillate
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vagrant
n. person without home or job; bird found outside its species' usual range
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vestige
n. trace; remains; indication that something has been happened
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vindicate
v. clear from blame; exonerate; maintain, uphold, or defend
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vindication
n. act of vindicating, or state of being vindicated; defense; evidence or statements that justify a claim or belief
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vindictive
a. seek revenge or intended for revenge; showing malicious will
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viscous
a. sticky; gluey; having high resistance to flow
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vivacious
a. animated; lively; vigorous and active
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volition
n. act of making conscious choice; power or faculty of choosing
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vulnerable
a. susceptible to wounds; capable of being wounded or hurt
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winsome
a. agreeable; gracious; charming, often in childlike or naive way
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wizened
a. lean and wrinkled by shrinkage as from age or illness